高中英语一轮复习阅读理解词意猜测—代词指代题学习讲义含答案.docx

阅读理解中词意猜测代词指代题 一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which.” in Paragraph.refers to “ ”二、 解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared the belief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。三、 真题解析1.(2017·全国，B)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.26What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。2.When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig 8pen.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible. On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The “hole”，as we referred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end I completed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.2What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ARemoving the doubt.BUprooting the weed.CStarting the faith journey.DCreating the pig pen.答案D解析代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。故选D。3.Vinegar is great.It makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better，and you can even clean your windows with it.And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan proved that. They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.This could mean that in the future，worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower.3What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AVinegar may help creatures survive bad weather.BVinegar is found in plants by Japanese scientists.CVinegar is very useful for cooking a good meal.DVinegar is mainly used by people to clean houses.答案A解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。4.Im a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls(头骨) and think of whats happening right now：military machines like drones，gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input.The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans.We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.4What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?AThe Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.BThe movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C“Murderbots” cant decide by themselves.D“Murderbots” will be against humans orders.答案D解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“The next step will be autonomous murderbots following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.”可知，自动“杀人机器人”服从人类的命令，但最后杀死谁由他们自己决定。句中this指“杀人机器人不服从人类的命令”。故选D。5.Tomato sauce is not Italian；the tomato is native to South America and was not introduced to Europe until the 16th century.Tea isnt British，it wasnt even all that popular for Britons until the 17th century.But now it is as British as dull weather and red phone booths.5The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “ ”Atomato Btomato sauceCtea Da thing答案C解析代词指代题。根据第二段最后两句“Tea isnt British，it wasnt even all that popular for Britons until the 17th century.But now it is as British as dull weather and red phone booths.”可知，茶并非原产于英国，甚至在17世纪之前在英国都不怎么流行，但是现在茶、阴沉的天气和红色电话亭都成为英国独有的标识。故选C。6.There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeysSeveral safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the deltaThe camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workersThey have a reputation for providing a great riding experience6. What does the underlined word “They” refer to?_AFlooded waters BWildlife journey CSafari camps DUnique rides答案：C解析：考察代词指代，上两句中谈到了"Several safari camps"给游客提供的服务以及它们的特点,本句又说明它们因为给游客提供美妙的骑马的经历而闻名,因此They指的是上文提到的"Several safari camps"。7.For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue，the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk? the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地)，and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的)columns.7. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AThe general view of elevators.BThe particular interests of experts.CThe desire for a remarkable machine.DThe enthusiasm for transport vehicles.答案：A解析：考查代词指代。根据划线内容推断应该指代的是文章第一段的“For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets，and even bicycles ”即大众对于电梯的看法，故A正确。8.Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.8.What dose the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?ASuch wonderful things. BOther well-loved characters.COld fables. DCartoon movies.答案： B解析：前一句提到其他一些深受喜爱的角色不能归功于迪斯尼。所以“they”指的是其他一些深受喜爱的角色，故选B。9.Sparrow is a fastfood chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share. He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.9.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ACustomers of Sparrow restaurants.BSparrow restaurants.CCustomers of other fastfood chains.DOther fastfood chains.答案：D解析：根据原文“He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them.”可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店，此处，turn away from 表示“从处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，故选D项。