2022届高考高三英语真题阅读词汇精讲No.4 2016年全国一卷D篇阅读.docx
No.4 2016年全国一卷D篇阅读Step1.做题前背单词扫盲1. silencesalns n. 安静,沉默 2. silentsalnt a. 无声的,无对话的3. variety vrat n. 种种,种类 4. various vers a. 各种各样的,不同的 5. vary veri v.(大小、形状等)相异,不同,有别;(根据情况)变化,改变;变更;(略做)改变6. culture klt n. 文化 7. cultural kltrl adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的8. group rup n. 组,群 9. thoughtful tfl adj.沉思的;深思的;思考的;体贴的;关心别人的;关切的;缜密思考过的;深思熟虑的10. empty empt a. 空的 11. person psn n. 人 12. personal psn()l a. 个人的,私人的 13. personally psnl ad. 就自己而言 14. nothing n n. 没有东西,没有什么 adv.一点也不;并不 15. nobody nbd pron. 没有人,谁也不16. nowhere nwe ad.无处,任何地方都不17. conversation knvse()n n. 谈话, 交谈18. stubborn stbn a. 固执的,倔强的19. stubbornness stbnns n.固执20. uneasy nizi adj.担心的;忧虑的;不安的;不稳定的;靠不住的;不确定的;令人不安的;令人不舒服的;不安稳的21. uneasiness nizns n.不自在22. worried 'wrd a. 担心的,烦恼的 23. worry wr n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰 24. view vju n. 看法,见解;风景,景色 25. extreme kstrim a. 极其的, 非常的26. extremely kstriml ad. 极其, 非常 27. comfort kmft n. 安慰; 慰问 28. comfortable kmftbl a. 舒服的;安逸的;29. uncomfortable n'kmftbl a. 令人不舒服的30. therefore ðef ad. 因此,所以 31. attempt tempt vt. 试图, 尝试 32. fill fl vt. 填空,装满 33. valuable væljbl a. 值钱的,贵重的 34. value vælju n. 价值,益处;v.珍视35. necessary nessr a. 必需的,必要的 36. unnecessary nnessri adj.不需要的;不必要的;多余的;不必要37. unnecessarily adv.不必要地,多余地,不需要地38. understand (understood, understood) ndstænd v. 懂得;明白;理解 39. understanding ndstænd n. 领会;理解40. misunderstand (misunderstood, misunderstood) msndstænd v. 误会;不理解 41. feel (felt, felt) fil v.& link 感觉,觉得;摸,触 42. feeling fil n. 感情;感觉 43. basic besk a. 基本的 44. basis bess n. 基础;底部;主要成分;基本原则或原理45. base bes n. 根据地, 基地(棒球)垒 46. based best adj.(以某事)为基础,为根据;在居住(或工作);基地(或总部)在;以为重要部分(或特征);以为主v.以为据点(或总部等);把(总部等)设在47. part pt n. 部分;成分;角色;部件;零件 a. 局部的;部分的 v. 分离;分开;分割48. communicate kmjunket v. 交际;传达(感情, 信息等) 49. communication kmjunke()n n.交际,交往; 通讯 50. tradition trd()n n. 传统,风俗51. traditional trd()nl a. 传统的,风俗的52. China tan n. 中国 53. Chinese taniz a.中国的;中国人的;中国话的, 汉语的 n.中国人;中国话, 汉语, 中文54. speak (spoke, spoken) spik v.说,讲;谈话;发言 55. speaker spik n. 演讲人,演说家 56. loudspeaker ladspik n. 扬声器,喇叭 57. sudden sd()n a. 突然的 58. suddenly sdnl adv. 突然地;忽然59. stop stp n.停;(停车)站;v.停,停止,阻止 60. non-stop 'nn'stp a.& ad.不停的,不断地61. listen lsn vi. 听,仔细听 62. listener lsn(r) n.听者;收听广播节目的人63. consider knsd vt. 考虑 64. considerate knsdrt a. 体贴的 65. consideration knsdre()n n. 考虑;关心66. continue kntnju vi. 继续 67. call kl n. 喊, 叫;电话, 通话 v. 称呼;呼唤;喊, 叫 68. reflect rflekt v. 反映,反射69. reflection rflekn n.映像;映照出的影像;(声、光、热等的)反射;反映;显示;表达70. way we n. 路,路线;方式,手段71. particular ptkjl a. 特殊的,个别的 72. particularly ptkjlli adv.特别;尤其73. deal dil vt. 处理;给予;分配;vi. 处理;讨论;对待;做生意 n. 交易;(美)政策;待遇;量;数量74. conflict knflkt n. 冲突, 争执, 争论75. differ df v. 相异, 有区别 76. difference dfrns n. 不同 77. different dfrnt a. 不同的, 有差异的 78. amount mant n. / v. 金额, 数量, 总计79. power 'pa n. 力,动力,电力 80. powerful pafl a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的 81. Russian rn adj.俄罗斯的n.俄罗斯人;俄语82. French frent a法国的;法国人的;法语的; n. 法语83. Frenchman frentmn (复 Frenchmen) n. 法国(男)人84. Spanish spæn adj.西班牙的n.西班牙语85. use juz vt.利用,使用 n.利用,使用86. used just a. 用过的;旧的;二手的 87. useful jusfl a. 有用的,有益的 88. useless jusls a. 无用的 89. user juz n. 使用者;用户 90. agreement rimnt n. 同意,一致;协定, 协议91. disagreement dsrimnt n. 意见不一致;相违;争论 92. party pt n. 聚会,晚会;党派 93. topic tpk n. 题目,话题 94. under nd ad.& prep.在下面,向下面 95. instruct nstrkt vt. 通知;指示;教 96. instruction nstrk()n n. 说明,须知;教导 97. authority rt n.权力,权威,威信,官方98. rather rð ad. 相当,宁可 99. rather than 而不100. rude rud a. 无理的, 粗鲁的 101. argue ju vi. 争辩, 争论 102. argument jmnt n. 争论, 辩论 103. still stl a.不动的,平静的ad.仍然,还 104. another nð a. 再一;另一;别的;pron. 另一个 105. Asian e()n, e()n a.亚洲(人)的n. 亚洲人106. signsan n. 符号,标记; v.签名107. signature snt n. 签名 108. elder eld n. 长者;前辈109. nurse ns n. 护士;保育员 110. possibility psblt n. 可能,可能性 111. possible psbl a. 可能的 112. possibly 'psbl ad. 可能地,也许113. impossible mpsbl a. 不可能的 114. come across km krs 偶然发现;偶然遇见;使产生印象;给人以的印象115. anxiety æzat n. 担忧, 焦虑116. anxious æks a. 忧虑的, 焦急的117. recognise (美recognize) reknaz vt.认出118. construct knstrkt v. 构筑;建造, 建设119. construction knstrk()n n.建造,建设,建筑物 120. interrupt ntrpt v. 打扰,打断 121. allow la vt. 允许, 准许 122. assist sst v. 帮助, 协助123. assistance sst()ns n. 帮助, 援助, 支持124. assistant sst()nt n. 助手, 助理 125. specific sp'sfk a.明确的,具体的,独特的 126. content kntent a.甘愿的,满意的 n.内容127. advice dvas n. 忠告, 劝告, 建议 128. advise dvaz vt. 忠告, 劝告, 建议129. please pliz v. 请,使人高兴130. pleased plizd a. 高兴的 131. pleasant pleznt a. 令人愉快的,舒适的132. break (broke, bro ken) brek v. 打破(断, 碎);损坏, 撕开;n. 间隙133. while wal conj.在的时候,和同时 n. 一会儿,一段时间 134. treat trit vt. 对待,看待,治疗 n.请客,款待135. treatment tritmnt n. 治疗,疗法 136. evaluate væljet v.估值, 评价, 评估137. title 'tatl n. 标题,题目 138. sound sand vi.听起来,发出声音n.声音139. speech spit n. 演讲 140. silver slv n. 银 141. gold ld n. 黄金 a 金的,黄金的 142. golden ld()n a. 金(黄)色的 Step2.背过单词后做题DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese. B. The French.C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native American. D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案 CADBStep3.对全文进行书面翻译 Step4.进行翻译校对D沉默在不同的文化群体中含义有所不同。沉默也许是深思,抑或是当一个人无话可说时的空当。谈话过程中沉默也可能表现为固执、不安或者担忧。沉默也许被一些文化群体的人认为是极度不舒服,所以会做出填补谈话间隙的尝试。其他文化群体中的人则认为沉默是理解一个人的需求的必要组成部分。许多美洲土著居民认为沉默是人们之间交流的基本组成部分,正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人所做的那样。因此,当一个来自这些国家的人说话时突然停了下来,也许暗示的是这个人想让倾听者在其继续说话之前考虑下自己所说内容的含义。在这些国家(风俗里/文化群体中),沉默是思考的需要。其他文化也许用其他的方式使用沉默,尤其是当处理不同权势人们之间的冲突和个人关系的时候。例如,在俄罗斯、法国和西班牙,人们可能使用沉默表示对政党间谈论的话题的赞同和许可。然而在墨西哥,当指令由一个有权势的人发出时人们可能会保持沉默,与他或她争论时表现出粗鲁时则不这样。还有一种情形下使用,就是在亚洲国家人们视沉默为尊重的一种表现,尤其是对长者或者有权势的人。当护士或其他护理者在遇到他们的病人可能处于焦虑中时,他们需要明白沉默可能表现出的含义。护士应该分辨出他们各自的沉默所表现的含义,以便病人的沉默才不会被过早地打扰到或任其不必要地继续下去。一个了解沉默的治愈价值的护士能够利用其对沉默的理解更好地照顾来自不同文化的病人。Step5.整理知识盲点: