高考英语一轮复习阅读小题之说明文（含答案）.doc

2022高考英语阅读小题优练之说明文（含答案）(A)In Europe，many people make friends between their countries through town twinning.Town or city twinning means two towns in different countries agree and decide to become “twins” with a sister city relationship.The people find pen friends in the twin town.They exchange newspapers and stamps.The school teachers discuss teaching methods with the teachers in the twin town.Officials visit the twin town for celebrations.Ordinary people travel to the twin town，too，but not very often if it is far away.Sometimes，schools even exchange their classes for two or three weeks! For example，German middle school students study for a while at the school in their twin town in Britain，staying with British families.A few months later，their British friends come to study in Germany.Many British towns are so pleased with the results of the twinning that they set out to find more than one twin town!Tonbridge，a small town in Kent，for example，has twin town in both Germany and France.Richmond near London has relationships with Germany，France and even a town in a Balkan country!Town twinning can help make friends.It helps students improve their language skills，and also helps people to understand the differences between nations.1Twin towns develop _.Abetween European countries and ChinaBin the English­speaking countries onlyCin the same countryDbetween different countries2How many countries are mentioned in the passage?A4. B5. C6. D7.3One of the advantages of town twinning is _.Ato earn more moneyBto set up schoolsCto improve students' language skillsDto develop industry and agriculture4Which is the best title for the passage?ATown TwinningBFriendly TownsCExchanging Teachers and StudentsDPeace and Understanding(B)Each year，millions of children around the world are unable to go to school.To draw attention to this widespread problem，the United Nations (UN) is putting education first.Recently，the UN screened a documentary film called Back to School.The film is the second in a series of documentaries (纪录片) for the project Time for School.These films follow seven children from seven different countries.This 12­year project began in 2003，when the children first started school.“This is something we could do to help the education crisis in the world，” said producer and writer Judy Katz.“Documentary film­makers can get deeply involved in a problem and do something about it.”More than 100 million children will never set foot in a school.Sixty percent of those children are girls.Cheryl Faye，head of the UN Girls Education Initiative，spoke about the many factors that prevent girls from getting an education.One problem is the long distance many children must travel to get to school.Also，girls in many cultures are traditionally expected to marry early and work to help their families.“We need to make a special effort for girls，”Faye said.As part of the UN's Millennium goals，the organization wanted every single child to get at least an elementary education.Students from Lawrence Middle School in New York were deeply moved after they saw the film.The seventh­grade class is raising money to help build a library on the outskirts of Nairobi，Kenya，where Joaba child in the documentarylives.The class teacher，Karen Weiner，and the class are known in their school as the “Kenya crew”All the kids were really happy to support Joab and said they felt great about their fund­raising efforts.Like the seventh­graders at Lawrence Middle School，kids can work together to make a difference in places like Nairobi.By raising money for education，kids can help children on the other side of the world have a chance of a better，happier life.1What's the purpose of the UN screening the documentary film Back to School?ATo raise awareness of the need for global education.BTo show the achievements which have been made in the past few years.CTo raise funds for global education.DTo encourage all the children to come back to school.2Which of the following could not be the factor that prevents girls from getting an education?ALong distance from school.BBeing born weak.CHelping work for the family.DEarly marriage.3Why are the class teacher，Karen Weiner，and the class considered as “Kenya crew”？ABecause they are trying their great efforts to raise money for the education of Kenya children.BBecause they are actors in the documentary film Back to School.CBecause they are mostly from Kenya，where the child in the documentary lives.DBecause they all have the same experience as Joab，the Kenya child.4The last paragraph mainly discusses _.AAmerican middle school students' desire to go to KenyaBthe content of the documentary film Back to SchoolCan example of being inspired to take action after seeing the filmDhow students from Lawrence Middle School raise money for their education(C)The beach may seem like an inviting place to run on a cool summer morning，but is running on the sand good for your body? It can be，but it's important to know the challenges that some beach runners experience.Running on the beach can be a good thing.It's certainly different from running on the pavement or a track.For starters，sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平坦的) surface.As you push off，you're going to lose some of your push as the sand moves.So，you're not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement.But this unevenness has an upside:_It gives your body an extra workout，forcing you to exercise muscles that don't get as much use during runs on firm surfaces.For instance，your feet，ankles and lower back might feel sorer and more tired than usual after a beach run just because that surface is constantly moving and changing step to step.You also might feel sore afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) down to the water.If you're going for a long run on the beach，you might notice that one side of your body might feel sorer because you're putting more pressure on it due to the slope.Some beach runners prefer to run barefoot.However，if you're not used to barefoot running，start slowly and don't run long distances at first.That's because running barefoot uses different muscles than running with shoes does，and it's important to strengthen these muscles and adapt (使适应) your feet.If you want to run barefoot，it's great，but ease into it.In spite of these challenges，running on the sand can be a smart choice for you，because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage.1Why is it difficult to run on the beach?AThe soft surface makes people fall over easily.BIt takes much effort to run on its moving surface.CPeople need to run carefully on its uneven surface.DIt's hard to keep one's balance on its sloping surface.2Which of the following best explains “upside” underlined in Paragraph 2?AAdvantage.BReason.CCharacter.DChallenge.3What's the author's attitude to barefoot running?ADisapproving.BSupportive.CDoubtful.DImpersonal.4What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs running on the beach good for your body?BDo you need to adapt yourself to beach running?CWhat are the challenges of running on the sand?DWhy do you feel sore after running on the beach?(D)One evening in May，two scientists in a forest in India heard a curious noise.“It sounded like tik­tik­tik，” recalls one of the researchers，Sathyabhama Das Biju.Biju is a biologist at the University of Delhi in India.He knew that frogs were likely making the sounds.So he climbed about 10 meters up into the tree and discovered that the noises came from brownish­green frogs with oval­shaped heads and long legs.The frogs were living inside the tree hollows(洞)Biju's team set out to identify the frog.They eventually figured out that the species had been first observed in India about 140 years ago.No one had seen it since then.People had thought it was now extinct.The frogs，though，had just been hiding overhead in the tree hollows.This frog is just one of many creatures that live in such tree hollows.From owls in Japan to bears in Australia，wildlife around the world nestles into these hollows.Inside the holes，the animals raise their young and hide from their natural enemies and bad weather.There is no single way to make a tree hollow.A woodpecker (啄木鸟) can make a hole in a tree within a few weeks or months.It will use that hollow to produce young and then usually leave it.Other species may later move in.Lightning might strike the tree，or strong winds might break off a branch.Bacteria may eat away at the damaged site，creating a hollow.This process can take hundreds of years.The number of tree hollows is dropping.People are clearing forests to sell the wood or to make space for farms and buildings.Biju says，“Tree hollows are particularly important.Some animals can't live anywhere else.They use them for everything.” His team are now saving old trees that have been cut down.They set up the trees in steel cylinders (钢筒) in the ground so that animals can use the hollows again.1How does the author introduce the topic of the text?ABy describing a particular incident.BBy introducing a research group.CBy challenging a general view.DBy listing interesting facts.2What do we know about the frog mentioned in Paragraph 2?AIt has not been identified in India by now.BIt has lived in India for 140 years.CIt is a kind of alien species.DIt still exists in India.3What can we learn from the last but one paragraph?AMany animals are fully dependent on tree hollows.BTree hollows are mainly made by woodpeckers.CIt's easy for animals to find tree hollows.DTree hollows form in a slow way.4What is the text mainly about?AThe importance of tree hollows to animals.BThe consequences of cutting down trees.CThe survival of a rare species of frog.DThe protection of forest animals.（E)Angus，Doris，Gabriel and Kamil are some of the 21 names that have been chosen to be given to storms in the UK in the 2016/17 season.The Met Office，the UK's national weather service，decided to give storms boys' and girls' names in 2015 in the same way as they did in America.The Met Office hopes that naming big storms will mean people are more aware (意识到) of them and how dangerous they can be.Derrick Ryall，from the Met Office，said，“We have seen how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break.”In the past，the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations.“We noticed that many organisations during the last couple of winters，when we have had bad storms，started giving names to them.Think back to the St Jude's Day storm in 2013，and the so­called Hurricane Bawbag in Scotland in 2011.But it led to confusion (混乱)，” a Met Office spokeswoman said.According to the Met Office，there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet (字母表)，except for Q，U，X，Y and ZThat is the same as the naming tradition used in America.And not all storms will be big enough to get namesonly those expected to cause great damage.If there are more than 21 storms in a year，the Met Office will start again with another name beginning with “A”However，according to Met Office spokeswoman Lindsay Mears, “It' s unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season.We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2013/14，and if the naming system had been in operation then we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet.”1Why are storms in the UK named?ATo increase public awareness of them.BTo remind people of their short stay.CTo follow what other countries did.DTo meet the needs of its people.2Examples are given in Paragraph 4 to show _.Athere're many storms to name in a yearBorganisations named storms differentlyCsome storms' names are similar to others'Dsome storms' names are hard to understand3What do we know about the names given to storms?AStorms will be given names whatever their sizes.BSerious storms will be given boys' names.C21 letters will be used to begin the names.D21 names will be given at most in a year.4What can be learned from Lindsay Mears?AThere are not too many big storms yearly.BAction will be taken to prevent storms.CThere are usually 14 storms in a year.DThe naming system will not change.（F)If you were to travel back in time to the tenth century，you probably wouldn't be able to understand a sentence that anyone said to you.They'd be speaking Old English.Talking to a tenth­century Englishman，you'd probably only be able to understand a few words like “a” or“the”Only about one­sixth of today's English words have an Old English root(词根)，with the rest having foreign influences.Gradually Old English turned into the Middle English that Chaucer wrote inbut still the official language of England was French！It was only in 1362，during Chaucer's lifetime，that English was used at the opening of Parliament(议会)for the first time.During the same year a law called the “Statute of Pleading” was passed，making English the official language in Parliament.In 1399，King Henry IV became the first king of England after the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English.English was still a language of low status(地位)especially when it came to writing poetry(诗歌)During the 14th century，the Italians and French were creative.Great poets like Dante were writing in totally new ways.But English had no such great writers.This was where Chaucer made a difference.He took the language of the man in the street and turned it into many famous works，such as The Canterbury Tales.Chaucer proved poetry written in English could be every bit as good as books in French.Of course，the English language has continued to change since Chaucer's day.For example，Shakespeare's English is quite different from Chaucer's.And it is still changing now.Until just a few years ago，“C U L8R”(see you later)was just a set of letters and numbers，but now most people know what it means!1What happened during Chaucer's lifetime?AOld English began to turn into the Middle English.BEnglish's status was greatly improved.CEnglish was used only in Parliament.DEnglish kings usually spoke English.2Why was Chaucer so great?AHe first used formal English to write.BHe had a big influence on poets like Dante.CHe was a pioneer in writing English poems.DHe encouraged people to read books in French.3Why did the author give the example of Shakespeare's English?ATo explain English is always changing.BTo explain how the Middle English changed.CTo show Shakespeare's English is unusual.DTo show how people respond to new words.4How is the text developed?ABy space.BBy comparison.CBy importance.DBy