2022届高考高三英语真题阅读词汇精讲No.17 2018年全国一卷C篇阅读.docx

No.17 2018年全国一卷C篇阅读Step1.做题前背单词扫盲1. populate ppjulet v.居住于;生活于;构成的人口;迁移;移居;殖民于;(给文件)增添数据，输入数据2. hunt hnt vt. 寻找；狩猎，猎取 3. hunter hnt n. 猎人 4. gatherer æðr(r) n.收集者;采集者5. pattern pæt()n n. 式样 6. independence ndpendns n. 独立 7. independent ndpendnt a.独立的,有主见的 8. depend dpend vi. 依靠, 依赖, 指望；取决于 9. expert ekspt n. 专家, 能手 10. afterward(s) ftwd(z) ad. 后来 11. settle setl vi. 安家，定居 12. settlement setlmnt n.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落 ；解决；协议13. settler setl n. 移居者，开拓者14. farm fm n. 农场；农庄 15. farmer fm n. 农民 16. trade tred n.贸易 vt.用进行交换17. industry ndstr n. 工业，产业18. spread spred v. 延伸； 展开 19. universal junvs()l a. 普遍的，全体的20. universe junvs n. 宇宙 21. compulsory kmplsr a. 强制的,必须做的22. globalisation glbla'zen n.全球化23. globe lb n. 地球仪,地球 24. global lbl adj.全球的;全世界的;整体的;全面的;总括的25. globally adv.26. globalize lblaz v.(使)全球化，全世界化27. decade deked n. 十年期28. dominant dmnnt adj.首要的;占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的;(基因)显性的，优势的29. n.生显性性状;显性基因;优势物种;乐全阶第五音;主因;要素30. huge hjud a. 巨大的，庞大的 31. uneven nivn adj.凹凸不平的;不平坦的;无定型的;不规则的;无规律的;质量不稳定的32. rule rul n. 规则,规定 vt.统治,支配 33. ruler rul n. 统治者；直尺 34. zone zu n. 区域；范围 35. hot ht a. 热的 36. hot dog ht d n. 热狗(红肠面包) 37. Europe* jrp n. 欧洲 38. European jrpin a. 欧洲的, 欧洲人的 39. Africa æfrk* n. 非洲40. African æfrkn a. 非洲的, 非洲人的 ，非洲人 41. Asia e* n. 亚洲 42. Asian e()n, e()n a.亚洲(人)的n. 亚洲人 43. almost lmst ad. 几乎, 差不多 44. account kant n. 账目;描述 45. accountant kantnt n. 会计, 会计师46. well wel (better, best) ad.好,令人满意地,完全地 a.好的,健康的int. 表示惊讶同意或犹豫等,亦用于接话语;好吧,哎呀; n. 井 47. speaker spikn. 演讲人，演说家 48. total tt()l a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为 49. totally 'ttl ad. 总合地，完全地50. elderly eldli adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义);老人;上了年纪的人51. random rændm a.随意的,胡乱的，未经事先考虑的 52. mark mk n.标记 vt.标明,作记号于 53. advanced dvnst adj.先进的;高级的;高等的;(发展)晚期的，后期的v.(为了进攻、威胁等)前进，行进;(知识、技术等)发展，进步;促进;推动54. lifestyle lafstal n.生活方式;工作方式55. result rzlt n. 结果，效果 v.(因)发生;(随)产生56. geography drf n. 地理学 57. determination dtmne()n n. 决心 58. determine dtmn vt. 决定；决心 59. evolution ivlu()n n. 进化, 演变60. revolution revlu()n n. 革命，变革 Step2.背过单词后做题CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialization. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as EnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful. D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400C. About 2.400 D. About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text? A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.答案 BCBCStep3.对全文进行书面翻译 Step4.进行翻译校对C几千年来，新的语言不断产生，而旧的语言又不断消失，然而最近新的语言产生得少了，旧的语言却消失得多了。在靠狩猎采集为生的原始人种生存的世界里，规模较小但联系紧密的族群演化出了他们与众不同的个体语言。部分语言专家认为，10000年前的世界只生存着500万到1000万原始人，但他们却说着12000种语言。在那不久之后，这些原始人开始定居下来，靠种植为生。他们的语言也变得更加稳定，数量上也有所减少。在最近的几个世纪里，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展以及全民义务教育的普及，尤其是过去几十年全球化和通讯技术的进步，所有的这些因素共同导致了很多种语言的消失。诸如英语、西班牙语和汉语主导语言正在不断地取代其他语言。当前，世界上的现存语言大约有6800种。这些语言的分布极不均匀。分布规律大概为温带地区的语言种类相对稀少，但讲这些语言的人口众多，与之相反的是，炎热潮湿地区的语言种类众多，但讲这些语言的人口却相对稀少。欧洲的现存语言仅有200种左右；美洲有1000种左右；非洲有2400种；而亚洲和太平洋地区则有3200种左右，其中单单巴布新几内亚就有800多种。讲某种语言的人口中位数大约是6000人，这意味着世界上有一半语言的使用人数不到6000人。保守估计6800种语言中的400种已经趋于消亡，只有少数几个年迈的老人尚在使用。随机举例来说，喀麦隆的Busuu语（仅剩8人）、墨西哥的Chiapaneco语（150人），美国的Lipan Apache语（2到3人），又或澳大利亚的Wadjigu语（仅剩1人？）：这些语言很可能即将消亡。Step5.整理知识盲点：