虚拟语气 一轮复习学案 人教版高中英语选修六 .docx

虚拟语气（主要用于if条件状语从句、名词性从句）英语语句的语气分类：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气、陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings虚拟语气If I were you, I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.一、 虚拟语气在宾从中的用法wish 的虚拟语气I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish you would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desirewould rather (that)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.使用虚拟语气的固定句型Its (about/high) time +(that)/ It is +n.(a pity/shame) that (should) do / Its important( necessary, natural, right, strange, surprising) that (should) doIts time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 含蓄虚拟Without/But for your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time. Im really very busy, otherwise, I would certainly go there with you. 【练习】1. Have you ever been to Beijing? No, but I wish I _. A. have    B. will  C. do      D. had2. If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die      B. would dieC. would have died D. have died3. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. could have gone  B. could go C. have gone  D. went 4. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay   B. am; will pay  C. would be; would pay   D. were; would pay  5. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. wouldnt have B. didnt haveC. hadnt had  D. havent had6. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. How I wish _ about it earlier!”A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I know D. Id known 8. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 9. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “Iknow. I wish _ see a doctor.”A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could 10. “You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film was very good.” “I wish I _ yesterday off. Id have gone with you.”A. have had B. had C. have D. had had11. It is time that we _ this practice.A. stop B. stopped C. will stop D. have stopped12. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin.A. were B. am C. was D. will be 13. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. have been B. are C. were D. had been 14. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed15. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won16. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused二、if虚拟条件句由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句 I could easily recognize if I had seen him before.if虚拟条件句的结构a. 表示与现在事实相反的假设 werewould ( could/ should / might) +dob. 表示与过去事实相反的假设 had donewould ( could/ should / might) +have done c. 表示与将来事实相反的假设were/should do/ were to do would ( could/ should / might) +do与现在事实相反1-What would you do if you won the lottery? -If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. （与现在相反）2If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa. （与 相反）3If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. （与 相反）4If it were fine now, I would go shopping. （与 相反）5. If you were in my position, what would you do? (与现在事实相反)【练习】a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.句型练习 (用If I were you句型翻译下列句子)1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。2. 如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。3. 万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。4. 我希望我十年前认识他。5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。与过去事实相反 had + done/ should , would, might have done 1. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday2. If I had learnt how to swim, I would not have been trapped in this island.【练习】a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.与将来事实相反 if +did/were to do/ should do / should, would, could, might do If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.【练习】1. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power.2. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?3. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.4. If I had been you then, I wouldnt have quarreled with him. (与过去事实相反)5. If I saw/ should see /were to see him tomorrow, I would be very happy. (与将来事实相反)二、错综时间条件句 从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。三、(省if )倒装条件句1. Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2. Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.【练习】1. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will3. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not4The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died5. Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow6. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow7. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken8. John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told9. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. If there _ (be) no subjective mood (虚拟语气), English would be much easier. 2. If my lawyer _ (be) here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. 3. You didnt let me drive. If we _ (drive) in turn, you _ (not get) so tired now. 4. If he _(warn), he _(not take) that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 5. If you _ (study) hard at that time, you would be a college student now. 三、翻译句子1. If Liu Dehua hadnt held his concert in Jinan, I_. 如果刘德华没在济南举办演唱会，我就不会见到他本人。(flesh)2. At the conference, the Chairman demanded that people present _ protect the polar bear against dying out.在会上，主席要求在场的人尽一切努力保护北极熊免遭灭绝。 (effort)3.If she hadnt been adopted by this kind couple, she _ such a great knowledge of Roman history at present. 如果她不是被这对善良的夫妇收养，现在她就不会拥有这么多的罗马历史知识。(possess)4.The woman treated this orphan as if _.这位妇女对待这孤儿就像他是自己的亲儿子一样。(own)5. Without your timely help，we _big trouble that day. 没有你的及时帮助，那天我们就会陷入大麻烦。(fall)6. It is commonly thought that many coal mine accidents _if we had followed the strict safety rules. 人们普遍认为，如果我们严格遵守安全规则，很多煤矿事故本来能够避免。(avoid)7. Were it to rain tomorrow，the sports meet _ until the same time next week.如果明天下雨，运动会就会推迟到下周的同一时间。(put)8. Its pity that he failed the exam. If he _ on his handwriting，he would have done better. 真遗憾，他考试没及格。如果他更加注意书写，就会考得更好些。 (concentrate)第4 页