高考英语语法专题复习——过去完成时.doc

高考英语语法专题复习过去完成时1.过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，它侧重与两点：第一，是过去发生的动作，而不是现在；第二，是过去已经完成或结束的动作，而不是现在完成或结束的动作。过去完成时强调的是对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。2.过去分词的五点变化规则：（1）一般情况下，在动词后加- ed work worked ，listen listened，jump jumped （2）在以- e结尾的动词后只加-d close closed ，like liked ，agree agreed （3）在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed study studied ，carry carried，try tried （4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stop stopped，drop dropped (5)以c结尾的动词，要变c为ck，再加“-ed”。picnic picnicked，traffic trafficked3.过去完成时的句式特点： had +过去分词（表示过去的过去）。（1）肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. 我没有承认他犯了什么错。 A period spent working abroad had done nothing to mellow him. 他在海外工作了一段时间，却没有变得老练。 He was an experienced parachutist who had done over 150 jumps. 他是个经验丰富的跳伞者，已经跳过150多次了。 They had used what money they had. 他们用尽了所有的钱。 She had repented of what she had done. 她对自己所做的事深感懊悔。 Everything had gone. 一切都过去了。 （2）否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.What people had to pay in direct and indirect taxes had not gone up since 1979. 人们须缴纳的直接税和间接税从1979年开始没涨过。 On their way, they met Peter, who had not gone to school that day. 在路上，他们遇到了彼得，他那天没有去上学。 They had not gone thirty paces when they heard a loud caw behind them. 他们刚走了不到三十步，就听到身后传来一声响亮的叫声。 He had not performed well in his exams. 过去考试他都考得不好。 His illness had not stunted his creativity. 疾病没有扼杀他的创造力。 (3)疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn't.Had you had in any allergies before? 您以前有过敏史吗？ Had you any idea of his coming so soon? 你认为他会来得这么快？ Had you met before? 你们两见过吗？ Had they left before you got there? 你到那里时他们已经离开了吗？ Had she missed something important, or was this just a non sequitur? 她是漏掉了什么重要的东西，还是瞎猜呢？ Had she never asked the gardeners? 她从来没有问过园丁吗？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？What had gone before had robbed him of his courage. 之前发生的事使他丧失了勇气。 What was the point in living in the past, thinking about what had or had not happened? 活在过去有什么意义，思考已经发生的或者没有发生的事情？ When I told her what had happened she just grunted and turned back to her book. 我告诉她出了什么事，她只哼了一声就又看起书来了。 What had Cutter done to make him stick out from the crowd? 卡特做了什么让他在人群中如此显眼？ What had seemed impossible now seemed a distinct possibility. 过去看似不可能的事，现在显然有可能了。 (4)被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.They knew they had been rumbled. 他们知道自己已经被识破了。 The two guards had been garroted. 两个看守已经被绞死了。 Their throats had been cut. 他们的咽喉被割断了。 His hand had been badly lacerated. 他的一只手被严重划伤了。 The flat had been meticulously cleaned. 这间公寓被仔仔细细地打扫过了。 His king had been checkmated. 他的王棋已被将死。 The photograph had been framed. 照片已镶了框。 4.过去完成时的主要用法：（1）表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如:What would you have done last night if you hadn't had to study? 昨天晚上如果不是要学习的话，你会做什么？ On the contrary, he had done everything possible to help the Hunza make it through the night while the summiteers in the last camp had refused to come and help them. 他也没有像文章所暗示地那样抛弃了马赫迪，相反，当那两个在9号营的冲顶者拒绝下来帮助他们之时，他在黑夜中竭尽全力帮助这个罕萨人度过难关。Most of the occupants had left before the fire broke out. 大多数人在火灾发生之前已经离开。 He had left Moscow several hours before. 他几小时前就已经离开莫斯科了。 （2）与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如：If I had come yesterday, I would have gone for the picnic with you. 如果我昨天来的话，我就会跟你们一起去野餐的。 Even though you had gone there yesterday, you could not have met him. 即使你昨天去了那儿，你也不可能见到他。 If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there. 昨天，你如果参加了会议，就应该知道会议上讨论了什么。 If she had invited me yesterday, I would have gone to the party. 假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。 Last week the gold did something it had not done for years it shocked the market. 上周，黄金做了一件多年来都没做到的事情&它震动了市场。 By the end of last week we had already done half of the work. 到上星期为止，我们已经做了一半的工作了。