2022届高考高三英语真题阅读词汇精讲No.20 2019年全国一卷CD篇阅读.docx
No.20 2019年全国一卷CD篇阅读Step1.做题前背单词扫盲1. identity adentt n. 身份，特征2. identification adentfke()n n. 鉴定，辨别 3. theft eft n. 盗窃案 4. thief (复thieves) if n. 窃贼, 小偷 5. fingerprint sensor fprnt sens(r) 指纹传感器;指纹辨识传感器;指纹辨识感测器;指纹识别传感器;指纹识别技术6. finger f n. 手指 7. fingernail fnel n. 指甲 8. scan skæn v. 略读，浏览，扫描9. precise prsas a. 准确,精确的,确切的 10. precisely prsasli adv.准确地;恰好地;精确地;细心地;仔细地;(强调真实或明显)正是，确实11. measure me v. 量 n.措施，办法12. press pres vt.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社 13. pressure pre n. 压迫,压力,压强 14. layer le(r) n.层;表层;层次;阶层v.把分层堆放15. security skjrt n. 安全，平安 16. analys(z)e 'æn()laz v. 分析17. analysis nælss n. 分析, 分析结果18. extension ksten()n n.扩大, 延伸19. regardless rdls a. 不顾的，不加理会；20. ad.不计后果的21. password pswd n.暗语;暗号;口令;密码22. touch tt vt. 触摸，接触 23. participant ptspnt n.参与者;参加者24. participate ptspet v. 参加，参与 25. error er n. 错误；差错 26. commercial k'm()l贸易的, 商业的27. commercialize kmlaz v.(尤指不择手段地)利用牟利;商业化28. near n a. 近的 ad. 附近，邻近 29. prep. 在附近，靠近 30. nearby nba a. 附近的31. nearly nl ad. 将近，几乎 32. accuracy ækjrs n. 准确, 精确，精密33. accurate ækjrt a.精确的34. system sstm n. 体系；系统 35. systematic sstmætk a.系统的,有条理的，系统化的36. invent nvent vt. 发明，创造 37. invention nven()n n. 发明，创造 38. inventor nvent n. 发明者，创造者 39. operatepret v. 做手术，运转；实施，负责, 经营，管理 40. guarantee ærnti v. 保证，担保41. diary dar n. 日记；日记簿 42. novel nv()l n. （长篇）小说 43. novelist nvlst n. 小说家 44. guidebook adbk n.指南；入门（指导）（书）；参考手册45. rosyrzi adj.红润的; 乐观的; 美好的; 粉红色的;46. doll dln. 玩偶, 玩具娃娃47. status stets n. 地位；身份；资格；状态48. queen kwin n. 皇后，女王 49. tween twin n.10至12岁之间的少年50. cool kul a. 凉的, 凉爽的；酷 51. rank ræk n. 职衔，军衔 52. cigarette sret n. 纸烟, 香烟 53. subject sbdkt vt.使服从;n. 题目；主题；学科；主语；主体 ;54. subjective sbdektva.主观的;主语的；虚构的 55. psychology sakld n. 心理学 56. clinical klnkl adj.临床的;临床诊断的;冷淡的;无动于衷的;无同情心的;简陋的;无装饰的57. sort stvt. 把分类，拣选 n. 种类，类别58. category kætr n. 类别, 种类59. likable lakbl adj.可爱的;讨人喜欢的60. seek (sought, sought) sik vt.试图;探寻 61. yard jd n. 码；院子；场地 62. courtyard ktjd n. 庭院, 院子 63. interpersonal ntpsnl adj.人际关系的;人际的64. tap tæp n. (自来水煤气等的)龙头；v.轻拍65. adolescence æd'lesns n. 青春, 青春期66. adolescent ædlesnt n. 青少年67. dishonorable adj.不名誉的68. envy env vt.& n. 忌妒； 羡慕 69. enviable envibl adj.令人羡慕的;引起忌妒的70. consequence knskwns n. 结果, 后果71. score sk n. 分数；二十；刻痕vt. 获得；评价；划线，刻划； vi. 得分；记分 72. survey sve , sve n.民意调查;民意测验;测量;勘测;测绘;(尤指为欲购房者所做的)房屋鉴定v.查看;审视;审察;总体研究;全面评述;概述;测量;勘测;测绘73. aggression re()n n. 侵略 74. aggressive resv a. 侵略的；咄咄逼人75. lead (led, led) lid v. 领导，带领 n. 铅 76. leader lid n. 领袖，领导人 77. leading lid a. 最主要的，第一位的 78. health hel n. 健康，卫生 79. healthy hel a. 健康的，健壮的 80. unhealthy nhel a.不健康的,不卫生的81. adjust dst v.调整,调节,适应,习惯82. adjustment dstmnt n. 调整, 适应83. oppose pz vt. 反对；反抗 84. opposite pzt n. 相反，对面 相反的，对面的 85. neighbour (美neighbor) neb n. 邻居，邻人 86. neighbourhood (美neighborhood) 'neibhdn. 四邻；邻近地区 87. relate rlet vi. 有关； 涉及 88. relation rle()n n. 关系； 亲属 89. relationship rlenp n. 关系 90. relative reltv n. 亲属，亲戚 91. positive pztv adj.积极乐观的;自信的;积极的;建设性的;朝着成功的;表示赞同的;拥护的n.优势;优点;正片;阳性结果(或反应)92. optimistic ptmstk a. 乐观的93. negative netv adj.坏的;有害的;消极的;负面的;缺乏热情的;否定的n.否定词;否定;拒绝;底片;负片;属阴性(或否定)的结果v.拒绝;否定;否定的真实性;证伪94. outcome atkm n. 结果，效果95. responsibility rspnsblt n. 责任，负责96. responsible rspnsbl adj.有责任;负责;承担义务;应受责备;作为原因;成为起因97. opportunity ptjunti n.机会;时机98. advantage dvntd n. 优点； 好处99. disadvantage dsdvntd n. 不利条件；弱点 100. lonely lnl a. 孤独的，寂寞的 101. classification klæsfken n.分类;归类;分级;类别;等级;门类;(动植物等的)分类学，分类法102. classify klæsfa v. 分类, 归类103. characteristics kærktrstks n.特征;特点;品质104. character kærkt n.（汉）字.字体；品格；性格；人物105. characteristic kærktrstk a. 典型的, 独特的106. tend tend v. 往往会，常常就，倾向，趋于 107. tendency tendns n. 倾向，偏好，性情108. adapt dæpt v. 使适应, 适合, 改编109. adaptation ,ædæp'ten n. 适应, 改编本 110. adaptable dæptbl adj.有适应能力的;能适应的111. academic ækdemk a. / n. 学术的, 教学的112. academy kædm n.专科学院,(美)私立学校113. academically æk'demkl adv.学理上Step2.背过单词后做题CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word touchfour times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? A. Itll be environment-friendly. B. Itll reach consumers soon. C. Itll be made of plastics. D. Itll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.DDuring the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the BestYou Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness答案 DCBD CABAStep3.对全文进行书面翻译 Step4.进行翻译校对C数据和身份信息盗窃越来越普遍，市场上正在发展生物技术如指纹扫描，能防止私人空间被入侵。目前，这些技术的价格仍然非常高昂。佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们已经研究出一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘。这种智能键盘在手指按到键盘过程中，能准确识别手指不同的类型和力度。通过分析用户打字的力度和按键时间之间的间隔，智能键盘可以提供强有力的安全措施。这些按键模式对每个人来说都是与众不同的。因此，键盘可以通过外延确认用户身份，确定用户是否可以进入计算机不管他人是否得到了正确的密码。它不需要任何人们不熟悉的新技术，每个人都使用键盘，每个人使用键盘打字方式都不一样。这项技术研究中的一项描述称，研究人员让100名志愿者用智能键盘四次输入“touch”这个单词，然后从设备上收集数据，通过参与者打字方式的不同来识别他们的身份，这种方式的身份识别错误率极低。研究人员说智能键盘应该很容易直接商业化，因为键盘是由廉价的塑料制成的。这个团队希望这种键盘可以在不久的将来投入市场。D 在我上小学的美好年华里，我喜欢分享我的玩具娃娃和小笑话，这使我在学校很有地位。我是“运动场女王”。而在我进入少年，青少年时期之后，遇到了很多坏坏的、酷酷的女孩。她们“名声大起”，不是因为与人友善，而是因为抽烟、违反规矩和嘲弄别人，不久我也沦为了受害者。 受欢迎度是社会心理学中一个被研究很久的课题。临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将受欢迎的人分为两类：受别人喜欢和寻求社会地位。受人喜欢的这类人能很好地与他人相处，因而能增强校园友谊，激发人际交往的能力，如果这种品质能尽早被发现，会在以后的生活和工作中发挥作用。还有一种出现在青少年时期的受欢迎度则表现为：拥有地位权力甚至做不光彩的事情。 尽管酷酷的孩子们看起来令人羡慕，但普林斯坦博士的研究却是不好的结果。那些在高中有较高地位，和在小学最不受欢迎的孩子，“最有可能有冒险行为或从事危险活动。” 在一项研究中，普林斯坦博士对235名青少年进行了两种受欢迎度的调查，并基于对学生的调查研究，给最不受欢迎、最受欢迎和最高地位的学生打分。“我们发现，随着时间的推移，那些最不受欢迎的青少年会对他们的同学变得越来越有攻击性，那些地位高的孩子也会出现这种情况。这项研究清楚显示，受人欢迎度可以带来很好的适应力，但是地位高却会对我们带来完全相反的影响。” 普林斯坦博士还发现，身边的人会邀请你一起玩，是因为你具有如下品质爱分享，与人有善，开放率真，而这些品质会使你在今后更好地与人相处。 通过分析自己的研究和其他研究，普林斯坦博士得出另一个结论：受人欢迎度与积极生活的结果相关，而且也是造成这些结果的原因。他说： “受人喜欢会给人的学习和新的生活体验创造机会，帮助人们获得优势。”Step5.整理知识盲点：
