高考英语阅读之记叙文 说明文基础训练.doc

2022高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练(A)In real life Joanna Garcia Swisher, 41, is happily married to former Major League Baseball player Nick Swisher, 40, and raising daughters Sailor, 4, and Emerson, 7. On TV she needs the help of a matchmaker to find love in the new Hallmark Channel romance As Luck Would Have It. She opens up about raising strong girls, how her parents recent deaths affected her and which roles fans recognize her for the most. You havent needed a matchmaker-but if life had turned out differently, would you use one? I would totally have been game for it. I was set up by a friend of ours to meet my husband, but I think it sounds so fun. You star opposite Allen Leech-were you a Downton Abbey fan? Im a huge Downton fan, but I know Allen personally very well. He happened to marry my best friends little sister. His mom actually cooked me dinner a couple of times while I was shooting! Youve been on TV since you were a teen. Which role gets you recognized most? Sweet Magnolias now. But overall I would say Reba. I also get recognized for being Amy Adams more than I get recognized for being myself. You lost your mother, father and grandmother in the past year and a half. How are you and your family doing? My daughters have watched me go through so much in the last year, from the highs of the success of Sweet Magnolias to the lowest of lows, losing my parents and my grandmother. I really believe that its not what happens to you, its what happens for you. Even in their passing, as tragic as it was. I know that its not for nothing. My mom was such a strong, capable, amazing woman; my father was the ultimate father and feminist and just huge source of support-and I think that solidified my strength. So I only hope that Im modeling that same strength for my girls. 1. How does the text develop?A. By questions and answers.B. By listing examples.C. By narrating life stories.D. By comparison and contrast.2. What does Joanna Garcia Swisher think of a matchmaker in marriage?A. Its strange.B. Its acceptable. C. Its terrible.D. Its necessary.3. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph imply?A. Joanna was just playing on words. B. Joanna missed her parents much.C. Joanna submitted herself to her fate. D.Joanna faced the tragedy positively. 4. What can best describe Joanna Garcia Swisher according to the text?A. Simple and talkative.B. Stubborn and influential.C. Strong and easy-going. D. Negative and sensitive(B)Rats and other animals need to be highly tuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat one social and one asocial (不爱社交的) for 5 days. The robotic rat resembled a bigger version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robotic rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a button. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot, because it displayed behaviours like communal (共同的) exploring and playing. “This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,” says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its plain design. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social signals, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles.1. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .A. pick up social signals from non-living ratsB. distinguish friends from enemiesC. learn sociable skills through trainingD. send out warning messages to their fellows2. What did the social robot do during the experiment?A. It followed the asocial robot.B. It made friends with toys.C. It set the trapped rats free.D. It moved around alone.3 Why did the rats release the social robot according to Quinn?A. They tried to practice a means of escape.B. They expected it to do the same in return.C. They wanted to display their intelligence.D. They considered it an interesting game.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Rats are highly adaptable to new surroundings.B. Rats are more socially active than other animals.C. Rats behave differently from children in socializing.D. Rats are more sensitive to social signals than expected.(C)About seven years ago, Kristin and Josh Mohagen were honeymooning in Napa Valley in California, when they smelled something surprising in their glasses of wine； green pepper. It was explained that the grapes in that bottle had ripened on a hillside alongside a field of green peppers. "That was my first experience with terroir , " Josh Mohagen says.It made an impression. Inspired by their time in Napa, the Mohagens returned home and launched a chocolate business based on the principle of terroir , often defined as "sense of place”.The definition of terroir is somewhat fluid. Wine enthusiasts use the French term to describe the environmental conditions in which a grape is grown that give a wine its unique taste and smell. The soil, climate and even the orientation（朝向）of a hillside or the company of neighboring plants, and insects play a role. Some experts expand terroir to include specific cultural practices for growing and processing grapes that could also influence taste.The idea of terroir is quite old. In the Middle Ages, the wine-makers in Burgundy, France, divided the countryside into different climate areas, according to differences in the landscape that seemed to translate into unique wine characteristics. Wines produced around the village of Gearey-Chambertin, for example, “are famous for being fuller-bodied, powerful arid more tannic than most," says Joe Quinn, wine director of The Red Hen, a restaurant in Washington, D. C. "In contrast, the wines from the village of Chambolle- Musigny, just a few miles south, are widely considered to be more fine, delicate and light- bodied.”A recent wave of scientific research suggests that the environment and production practices can, in fact, produce a chemical or microbial （微生物的）signature so distinctive that scientists can use the signature to trace food back to its origin. And in some cases, these techniques are beginning to offer clues on how terroir can shape the smell and taste of food and drinks.1. What impressed the Mohagens most during their stay in Napa?A. The smell from the wine.B. The field of green peppers.C. The scenery of Napa Valley.D. The ripe grapes on a hillside.2 What does the underlined word “fluid" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Impractical. B. Specific.C. Uncertain.D. Conventional.3. Why did the author quote a wine director in Paragraph 4?A. To demonstrate the effect of terroir.B. To introduce two types of grape wine.C. To prove the long history of terroir.D. To get a restaurant known to the public.4. What can be learned about terroir from the text?A. Its research is of little benefit.B. It gives food its unique features.C. Its value needs to be further tested.D. It is a newly-acknowledged concept.(D)Accompanied by her father, using a combination of aid and free climbing and taking advantage of some special equipment and ropes for protection, 10-year-old Selah made it to the top of El Capitan on June 12 after five days of big wall climbing.Climbing the challenging and adventurous Nose route of El Capitan was a labor of love for Selah in more than one way. Her parents , Mike and Joy Schneiter, fell in love on this 3,000- plus-foot huge rock and she has always wanted to feel the way that her parents felt when they were up there together. Selah showed great interest in rock climbing at an early age. She wore her first rock-climbing equipment shortly after she learned to walk. She first dreamed of climbing El Capitan when she was 6 or 7.El Capitan is a famous mountain-sized rock in Yosemite National Park. Getting to its top is no easy task. It's taller, as reported, than the tallest building in the world-Dubais Buri Khalifa. El Capitan and its difficult Nose route, which runs more than 3,000 feet high up the center of the rock's face, is considered one of the world's hardest big wall climbs and has attracted the best climbers over time. But never before had a youngster accomplished it.Selah's achievement caught national attention. Outside Magazine called her the youngest documented person to climb the Nose. Ken Yager, president of the Yosemite Climbing Association, said he also couldn't think of anyone younger who has done it.Selah is humble about her El Capitan accomplishment. "I'm not necessarily a special kid or anything like that, she said. "There were a few times when I would be so worn that it would kind of discourage me from holding on. But overall, it was just great to keep plugging away.”Selah shared this advice for other young climbers dreaming of big walls, "It doesn't take necessarily a super special person to do something like that. You just have to put your mind to it.”1. What do we learn about Selah climbing El Capitan?A. She began her climbing on June 5.B. She got inspired by her family history.C. She managed without any external help.D. She was the first female to reach the top.2. What is the purpose of paragraph 3?A. To state El Capitan's height.B. To prove El Capitan's popularity.C. To introduce El Capitan's location.D. To stress the challenge of climbing El Capitan.3. Which of the following best describes Selah?A. Determined. B. Generous. C. Warm-hearted.D. Fortunate.4. What may be Selah's advice for other young climbers?A. Dream big and aim high. B. Be committed to your ambition.C. Chance favors the prepared mind. D. Nothing is impossible for a genius.（E)In an incredible display of compassion and kindness, a man from Turkey was spotted trying to warm a pigeon in the most creative way.Sabahattin Ylmaz was at home one chilly day. After a rain shower had passed, he noticed something landed on the sill (窗台) outside his windowa cold and wet pigeon. The animal was trembling and soaked; it clearly didnt have the chance to seek shelter before the rain began. Feeling for the poor pigeon, Ylmaz thought of a way to dry him off.Rather than pick him up and take him inside to warm up, Ylmaz plugged in a hairdryer and used it to dry off the bird. Little did he know that his neighbor captured the whole moment on video. In the video, Ylmaz can be seen leaning out of his window. He was stretching his arm as far as he can so the hot air can reach the pigeon. The bird willingly let the man warm him up, crouching (蹲伏) to let his outer feathers dry.Ylmaz told the media that he spent about fifteen minutes drying off the bird. He said he had just opened his window when he saw the pigeon around the corner of the sill. He described it as wet and “about to freeze” from the cold and rainy weather.After fifteen minutes, Ylmaz gave the pigeon birdseed, which he ate happily. However, the bird remained wet still. “I saw that it was still there so I warmed it up again, after the pigeon recovered again, and after eating a good amount of seed, it flew away,” Ylmaz recalled.He also didnt know that he was being recorded at the time and that the video was shared online. He simply did it out of the kindness of his heart. “The pigeon is a living creature and deserved to continue living, that is why I did it,” he said.1. What is the text mainly about? A. An online video about a pigeon became a hit.B. A man warmed up a wet and cold pigeon.C. A man invented a creative way to help birds.D. A man lives in harmony with a pigeon.2. What was the birds reaction to Sabahattin Ylmazs behavior?A. It was scared and flew away.B. It was annoyed and refused his help.C. It was ready to accept his assistance.D. It was happy to settle in his home. 3. What can we see from the video?A. A man was filming Ylmazs kindness.B. A pigeon was jumping back and forth when dried off.C. Ylmaz was warming a pigeon in a novel way.D. Yilmaz was stretching his arms to catch a pigeon. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Sabahattin Ylmaz?A. Indifferent but creative.B. Patient and ambitious.C. Talented but careless.D. Sympathetic and warm-hearte（F)Today, we study literature from a young agelearning about our histories, faraway worlds and influential people. Whether we notice or not, these storiesboth fiction and non-fiction guide us throughout our lives. They allow us to see the world through anothers eyes, open up our world and teach us about every subject known to man.Despite their importance, many people throw out their old bookswasting the wisdom that lies on each page. In an effort to save this knowledge and share it with those less fortunate, a garbage man in Bogota, Colombia has been saving thrown-away books for 20 years and sharing them with those in need.“I hated to see all the books in the dustbins of wealthier neighborhoods. So I started to rescue them,” said Gutierrez. The first book he found was a copy of the classic novel Anna Karenina. The Tolstoy book was later joined by The Little Prince, Sophie s World, The Iliad and a number of novels. Today, he has collected around 25,000 books.His growing collection didnt go unnoticed. Gutierrezs neighbors were soon borrowing the books to help with their childrens homework. “There was a lack of them in our neighborhood, so we started to help,” said Gutierrez.The ground floor of Gutierrezs home is now flooded with books, from floor to ceiling. Over spilling with books, he opened it up as a free library, with the help of his wife Luz Gutierrez and their three children.Word ultimately spread around about Gutierrez and his books. Most of the books now come from donations. He now travels around the country, delivering free books to poor and remote districts. The library, named “The Strength of Words”, has donated books to some