高考英语一轮复习：定语从句知识整理.doc

高中语法专项定语从句7专题思维导图： 1. 定义：在复合句中充当定语的从句，即一个句子作定语（=形容词）。 2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语 3. 关系副词在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语 1. 关系代词 who, whom, which, that, whose, as 4. 限制性定语从句 2. 关系副词 when, where, why定语从句 3. 从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，二者关系密切 1. 关系代词 who, whom, which, whose, as5. 非限制性定语从句 2. 关系副词 when, where, why 3. 从句只对先行词起补充说明作用，主从句常用逗号隔开 6. 定语从句一定没有what和how，非限制性定语从句一定没有that。 考点：1. 关系代词的基本用法2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别3. 关系代词as和which的用法区别4. 关系副词的基本用法5. 定语从句的其他用法要点一. 关系代词的基本用法导入：1. He has two sons and both of them are teachers.2. He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.基本用法：先行词关系代词从句中的成分例句人Who主语、宾语、表语Do you know the man who the teacher is talking to.God helps those who help themselves.Whom宾语The boy whom she loved in the war.物Which主语、宾语、表语The views which are entirely new may be hard to accept.The vase which I broke was very expensive.人，物that主语、宾语、表语I dont like the novel that you are reading.There must be something that happened to you.whose定语I like those books whose topics are about history.as主语、宾语、表语AS I know, she hasnt got married.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.注意：（1） 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。在定语从句中作宾语时whom/who/which/that可以省略，as一般不省略。（2）whose可与of which 转换。 Whose = the + 名词 + of which Whose = of which + the + 名词例句：This is the house whose window broke last night.= This is the house, the window of which broke last night.= This is the house, of which the window broke last night.（3） such.as.结构（as引导定语从句）与such.that.结构（that引导状语从句）的区别例句：1. It is such a big stone as no man can lift.2. It is such a big stone that no one can lift it.二. 关系代词that和which的用法区别1. 限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况。 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等，且指物时。 当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all 等词修饰时。 当先行词是形容词做高级或者被形容词最高级修饰时。 当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。 当先行词既有人又有物的时。 当主句的主语时疑问词which时。 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。例句：1. You should hand in all that you have.2. This is the very dictionary that he wants to buy.3. Its the best book that I have read.4. The train is the last that will go to Suzhou.5. She took photograph of the things and people that she was interested in.6. Which is the best bike that you lost.7. My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 2. 当先行词指物或者前面整句话时，定语从句中的关系代词必须用which的情况。 在非限制性定语从句中只能用which。 当动词短语中的介词提前时，只能用which。例句：1. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. 2. This is the village in which he was born.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系单词之前。This is the pen (which/that) Im looking for.不可以说：This is the pen for which Im looking.三. 关系代词as和which的用法区别 As引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可以放在主句中。 Which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后。 如果as有“正如”之类的意思，它引导的就是状语从句。 如果非限制性定语从句是否定句或者含有否定意义，则用which。 As 代指前面整个句子，which既可以代指某个名词也可以代指整个句子。 As主要用于as.; as.as.; the same.as; such/so.as等结构中。 As习惯用语：As anybody can see; 正如人人都能看到的那样；As is well known;=As is known to all; 众所周知；As we have expected; 正如我们所预料的那样；As often happens; 正如经常发生的那样；As has been said before; 正如以前所说的；As is often mentioned above; 正如上面提到的；例句：She has married again, as was expected. (意料之中)She has married again, which was unexpected. (意料之外)注意：1. As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.= The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everyone2. It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.3. What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.四. 关系副词的基本用法1. 当先行词和介词一起在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。1. when = 表示时间的介词 (in, at, during等) + which2. Where = 表示地点的介词 (in, at, on, under等) + which3. Why = 表示原因的介词 (for等) + which例句：1. I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents.2. Mr. King was quickly taken to the hospital, where a doctor wanted to examine his legs.3. Do you the reason why he is absent.2. 介词 (from/to) + where/when的用法有时为表达清楚，在关系副词where/when前加介词from，to，by，since等。例句：1. Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second window, from where he could see nothing but trees.2. They settled in the USA last year, by when she had obtained a masters degree in economics.3. The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes.3. 高考对于关系副词where的考查 当先行词表示人/物的situation，或某事做发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in. 五. 定语从句的其他用法要点1. 当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数的方面应该与先行词保持一致。 one of +复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式This is one of the rooms that are free now. the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式This is the only one of the rooms that is free now.注意：Not the only one of. = one of.Tom is not the only one of the students who have passed the exam.= Tom is one of the who have passed the exam. 其他情况I, who am a student, want to find a part-time job.2. way和time后接定语从句的用法 当先行词是way（意为“方式、方法”）并在定语从句中和介词一起作状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有下面三种形式：I was impressed by the way in which/that/不填 she did it. way在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语时，关系代词用that或which，作宾语时可省略。比较： thatThe way which he explained to us was quite simple. 不填 thatThe way in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 不填