高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（基础版）.doc

2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（基础版）(A)A lot of people feel that its much harder to learn a foreign language as you grow older and theyre right. A new study found that if you want to achieve the proficiency(精通) of a native speaker, youd best start when youre 10 years old.There is a lot of evidence that shows children find it much easier than adults to learn a foreign language, which has made researchers suggest that there is an “important period” for language learning. But until now, no one has really been sure what that age period is. Now, MIT researchers believe they have solved one of those things.They found that the window starts to close when youre about 10 years old. Although children up to 17 or 18 learn a new language faster than adults, and their ability drops slower than that in adults, it becomes very difficult to reach the proficiency of a native speaker if you start later than age 10.The findings are based on an analysis of a grammar test taken by nearly 670,000 people. Researchers took snapshots(快照) of thousands of people who were in different stages of learning English. They also used a game called “Which English?” to judge which dialect of English the test-taker speaks. Within hours after being posted on the social media, the 10-minute test “Which English?” spread quickly.Researchers found that the grammar-learning ability remains strong until age 17 or 18, after which it starts to drop which was rather unexpected. Its not clear why the drop starts to happen. It may either be a cultural reason or a biological one. You shouldnt let this disappoint you. Even if its a bit harder, you should try it. Its not just the ability to talk to someone from another country. Studies have shown that learning a second or third language does wonders for your brain and mental health.1. What does the word “window” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. A good period to learn a foreign language.B. A better way to solve a problem.C. The ability to learn a foreign language.D. A good memory to recite new foreign words.2. Whats the function of “Which English?”?A. It is a kind of grammar test.B. It is a new method of learning English.C. It helps analyze the way to learn English.D. It can tell what kind of English people speak.3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Culture affects language learning greatly.B. Learning a foreign language can be very useful.C. You had better not learn a new language when old.D. The author doesnt think the research is complete.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. When is the best time to learn a foreign language?B. What kind of people are fit for learning a foreign language?C. Things we should care for when learning a foreign languageD. Some special ways to learn a foreign language(B)Rosie Dutton teaches a weekly class for 10- and 11-year-olds. During a recent class, Dutton used apples to brilliantly explain the effects of bullying. Rosie Dutton started out by showing the class two perfect-looking apples. But unknown to the students, she had dropped one of the apples repeatedly on the floor. She picked up the dropped apple and began insulting(侮辱;损害) it.“I started to tell the children how I disliked this apple, that I thought it was ugly and it was a horrible color," Dutton wrote."I told them that because l didn't like it, I didn't want them to like it either.” They passed that apple around in a circle and the kids joined in on the insults. Then, Dutton took a completely different approach with the other apple. “We then passed another apple around and started to say kind words to it,”the 31-year-old wrote. She eventually cut both of them open to reveal that the apple that had been insulted was bruised (青肿的) inside. The apple that received praise wasn't.“When people are bullied, especially children, they feel horrible inside and sometimes don't show or tell others how they are feeling,” Dutton wrote in her post. “If we hadn't cut that apple open, we would never have known how much pain we had caused it.” “Unlike an apple, we have the ability to stop this from happening. We can teach children that it's not OK to say unkind things to each other,” the 31-year-old explained in her post. She later added, “More and more hurt and damage happens inside if nobody does anything to stop the bullying. Let's create a generation of kind, caring children.” 1.What didn't the students know in advance? A. She had dropped one apple repeatedly on the floor. B. She had dropped two apples repeatedly on the floor. C. The two apples were perfect-looking in appearance. D. She had picked the two apples from the same tree.2. How did Rosie Dutton teach students bad effects of bullying? A. By reading famous sayings.B. By listing the numbers. C. By making comparisons.D. By quoting some examples.3. At the end of the passage, Rosie Dutton calls on students to be . A. brave B. considerate C. active D. honest4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. One woman found an incredible way to teach a history lesson. B. People have the ability to stop bullying from happening again. C. A teacher encourages students to put what they learned to use. D.A teacher uses a bruised apple to show bad effects of bullying.(C)In honor of the United Nations International Day of the Girl Child on Sunday, first lady Michelle Obama developed her passion (热情)for promoting girls education and stated the reason why she started the #62MillionGirls campaign recently.“When I was a child, my family didnt have much money. My father had to do three parttime jobs to support our family. And neither of my parents had got a college degree, but they were determined to let me receive the best education and they thought education was everything for me. It was the starting point for every chance I had had in my life. However, many girls never get that chance, ” she said in an interview.“As I travel around the world, I find that these girls are so bright and so hungry for knowledge and I really see myself among them.”In September, Michelle Obama started #62 Million Girls to stress the fact that tens of millions of girls worldwide are unable to attend school.“I want young women to know about them and be inspired by them, not to take their education for granted (不把当回事), ” Michelle said.“If you ever face challenges at school and start to get upset, I want you to remind yourself that there are 62 million girls around the world who will give anything to be in your position.”In the interview, Michelle Obama also shared advice on how to achieve success in college.“Dont be afraid to ask for help. If youre struggling in class, go to your professors office. If youre having trouble writing a paper, go to the library. If youre struggling with difficulties in your life, seek out an advisor or a counselor (指导老师) and talk with him about them, ” she said.“Getting help when you need it doesnt make you weak；it makes you smart.”1. When Michelle Obama was a little child, _. A. she dreamed of traveling around the worldB. she took her education for grantedC. she lived a poor and tough lifeD. she missed several chances to receive education2. #62MillionGirls was started to_. A. stress the importance of educationB. raise money for poor and hungry girlsC. draw peoples attention to womens statusD. encourage girls to value their education3. In Michelle Obamas opinion, _. A. professors classes should be treasuredB. students should learn to teach themselvesC. its quite OK for college students to seek helpD. struggling with difficulties is quite common in life4. The text is probably taken from_. A. a diary B. a news report C. an advertisement D. childrens literature(D)What would happen if the Amazon rainforest disappeared?The Amazon rainforest is one of the most amazing places on earth. It covers 40% of South America, drives the South American economy and stores 86 billion tons of carbon. That would otherwise be polluting our atmosphere. However, about 750,000 square kilometers of rainforest have been destroyed since 1978，all thanks to humans. If this continues，the Amazon rainforest could disappear within 100 years.How bad would that be for our planet? Well, let's take a look. For starters* we d be losing a huge amount of our planets biodiversity (生物多样性). The Amazon rainforest has more plant and animal species than any other ecosystem on the land. If we destroy the Amazon, we will be destroying all that diversity too, and ruining an entire ecosystem at the same time.That would have huge effects on earth. We d all quickly realize how much we have been relying on the Amazons resources for food and medicine. Most people are surprised when they find out that hundreds of drugs have come from things in the Amazon rainforest.So who knows what other important treatments we could lose without the rainforest? But the most critical problem we would face if the Amazon completely disappeared would be a faster pace of climate change. If the Amazon rainforest continues lo wither and die, it will stop being a source of oxygen. Some experts believe that if this happens, we would lose the hat lie against climate change. But it is not all doom and gloom.There is still hope for the Amazon rainforest. Through studies conducted over the past several decades, researches have found that rainforests may be able to survive human-caused destruction even without human help. A rainforest can start growing again if it has enough seedlings (树苗). However, this can only be successful if the rainforest isn't always under attack. So what can you do to help?1. The destruction of the Amazon rainforest is mainly caused by _.A. human activities     B. climate change    C. atmosphere pollution D. the government2. What will NOT be the result of the disappearance of the Amazon rainforest?A. The variety of species will decrease.B. Some important medicine may be lost.C. We cannot get some food from the rainforest.D. The speed of climate change will slow down.3. What is the author's attitude towards the future of the Amazon rainforest?A. Disappointed.     B. Hopeful.     C. Pessimistic.     D. Indifferent.4. What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of this article?A. Previous studies of tropical rainforests.B. Serious attacks made by human beings.C. Individuals actions to protect the rainforest.D. Various reasons for the damage to the rainforest.（E)There are multiple experiences a Westerner can describe as a “culture shock” in China, one of the fastest-growing economies, like eating mouthwatering baozi for breakfast. These experiences, however, paled in comparison to the one I experienced during my time in an organization Ive been serving in for two years to provide free educational tours at my leisure the advancement and equalizing of Chinas known wealth disparity（差异）through the social network and cashless payment giant（巨头）, WeChat, which I rarely used before.Last month, the organization led a thrilling trip to camp. Initially, we went through a village kept alive by the residents. The views there are so attractive and refreshing. Walking through endless red apple trees, I saw an elderly woman who gently offered to sell me apples. Unfortunately, I informed her I didnt have cash on hand. She quickly told me to scan the QR code（二维码）on her phone, which in seconds would get my money into her bank account via WeChat. Needless to say, I was blown away. And of course, the apples were tasty.As an advocate of financial growth opportunities in under-served communities, it was inspiring to witness that technology lets people contribute to the economy regardless of socioeconomic background in China. Though the socioeconomic problems remain to some extent, access to and adoption of technology creating financial opportunities transforms the lives of everyday citizens and enables communities to flower.While I once didnt believe a “cashless society” was possible and thought it could cause more unfavorable conditions, I now stand corrected. Perhaps it might take longer for New York City to adapt, as we lag behind in this transformation and there is so much we can learn. I also wonder what the human race can achieve when technology provides endless opportunities for people of all backgrounds to advance.1. What does the first paragraph tell us about the author?A. She is struggling with culture shock.B. She really enjoys Chinese breakfast.C. She does voluntary work when free.D. She likes using social networks.2. Which of the following surprised the author during the trip?A. Scenery of the village.B. Taste of the apples.C. Popularity of WeChat.D. The way of paying.3. What is the authors attitude to a cashless society?A. Critical.B. Positive.C. Concerned.D. Curious.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Technology helps narrow the wealth gapB. New York will be the next cashless societyC. Humans will achieve more with technologyD. China becomes the fastest-growing economy（F)Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature. Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices（机械装置）. Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter. Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding