2022届高考英语之说明文基础训练（五）.doc

2022高考英语之说明文基础训练（五）(A)We are often attracted by fancy gadgets or interesting new hobbies, and quickly become addicted to them. But how long can that passion continue?Yu Shibo became interested in aerial filming when he first saw how a drone （无人机）was operated during a school event in 2016. Although learning aerial filming was harder than he thought, he never gave up.This year, the 17-year-old, from Qingdao Menaul School, Shandong, posted a video on his WeChat Channel, which received a few hundred likes. The four-minute video shows the boy's hometown-Qingdao with a drone: snowy mountain tops, skyscrapers in the clouds and the sunset over the ocean. Yu tried to show the beauty and romance of his hometown.The final video took him more than two years until he felt satisfied with it. “Many places in the video were shot many times because an unforgettable scene needs timing and enough luck," Yu said. Most of the time, the weather didn't contribute to getting a perfect view. Aerial filming looks better with fog, sunrises and sunsets.To catch the perfect time, Yu got used to getting up very early or staying up late. Yu recalled the days he climbed the mountain in snow and fell several times. When he filmed during winter, he didn't wear gloves - which nearly froze his fingers - in order to precisely control the drone. "But all the hardships are paid back when I get astonishing pictures. No pain, no gain.”Some viewers commented that his shooting is professional and skillful. But in fact, Yu learned how to operate the drone and shoot all by himself. "There are a lot of materials accessible for a beginner, but the key point is to act and keep practicing, then you will have more sense about the shooting," said Yu.1. What inspired Yu to develop an interest in aerial filming?A. His desire to develop a new hobby.B. People's positive response to his video.C. The sight of a drone during a school event.D. His wish to share with people the beauty of Qingdao.2. Why did Yu have to get up very early or stay up late?A. To edit video clips.B. To avoid the crowds.C. To get eye-catching pictures.D. To practice aerial filming.3. What would Yu think is important to tell beginners who want to take good pictures?A. Be ready to ask questions.B. Try to practice as much as possible.C. Improve your teamwork skills.D. Make good use of all materials available.4. Which of the following words best describes Yu?A. Determined. B. Helpful. C. Humorous. D. Responsible.(B)The swift (雨燕) is a common bird that lives all across Europe and much of Asia, but their fight time is far from common. This medium-sized bird now holds the record for the most time spent in the air per year,with data (数据) showing that some of them can spend up to 10 months out of 12 without landing even once.They drink and eat in the air, feeding on any insects that they can catch in flight, and they can even sleep in the air as well.Theories about birds being able to spend most of their lives in the air can date back to the 1950s. but it was actually a study published in 2016 that showed the common swifts' amazing ability to ly almost non-stop. At that time it was already known that some larger birds like frigate birds (军舰鸟) could stay in the air for months. But researchers believed that common swifts did the same.A team of researchers at Lund University's Department of Biology developed a new type of micro-data recorder(微型数据记录器) to track the birds' movements, and fitted the recorders to 19 common swifts. Without going into too much detail about the results of the study, the findings showed that common swifts spent over 9% of their time during the 10 month non breeding period (非繁殖期) in the air.Swifts are born to fly. Their bodies are suitable for the almost non-stop flight一their wings are long and narrow, their legs are short and light, and they have an almost perfect shape.Swifts generally have a higher survival rate compared to most birds, and their love of flight is believed to have a direct influence on that. Being in the air for a long time means they don't have to worry about most dangerous hunters.So the next time you see a common swift flying in the sky and ask yourself when it might come down for a rest, you'll know that it's probably going to be quite a while.1. What can we learn about swifts and frigate birds?A, They are actually from the same family,B. They were observed in the same study in 2016.C. They can live together in the air for moths.D. They both have amazing ability to fly.2. The study by Lund University's Department of Biology suggested that_.A. swifts fly almost all the time except the breeding periodB. over 99% of swifts spend more than ten months flying per yearC. very few of swifts can catch enough insects to eat in flightD. swifts' movements have no fixed directions3. What contributes to swifts' holding the record?A. Their rich food supply. B. Their perfect physical shape.C. Their continuous practice. D. Their medium-sized body4. Why can swifts enjoy a higher survival rate than many other birds?A. They fly higher than other birds.B. They can sense the danger in the air well.C. Their bodies get much stronger during continuous fight.D. Their almost non-stop flight keeps them from most hunters(C)After traveling more than seven months in space, Tianwen 1 is one step closer to Mars! Tianwen 1, China's first Mars probe （探测器），successfully entered Mars orbit in February, according to the China National Space Administration （CNSA）. It will stay in orbit for about three months before landing on the red planet.A small step on the red planet will be a big step for human beings. Humans have launched 46 Mars exploration missions since October 1960, but only 19 of them have been successful, according to China Daily. It's China's first spacecraft to Mars, and the missions are rather ambitious. Tianwen 1 aims to achieve “orbiting, landing, and roving （环绕，着陆， 巡视）" all in one journey, which will make the country the world's first to accomplish all three goals with one probe, mission scientists said. Among the three tasks, touchdown on the red planet is the most difficult. The result mainly depends on the "breathtaking seven minutes," which will deploy multiple cutting-edge technologies and accurate timing of each action, including the burning ofengines and opening of parachutes （降落伞）to ensure a safe landing, according to the Global Times. The previous success of Chang'e 5 has accumulated experience in this regard which “boosts our confidence"， Wang Ya'nan, chief editor of Beijing-based Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told the Global Times. Tianwen Vs ultimate goal is to land a rover on Mars in May or June, and it will conduct scientific investigations on Mars' soil, geological （地质学的）structure, environment, atmosphere and water, according to China Daily.February was Mars month. NASA's Perseverance Rover landed on Mars on Feb 19, and China's Tianwen 1 and United Arab Emirates' （UAE） Hope have arrived within orbit of the red planet. Although they started their Mars journeys at almost the same time, their missions vary. "When we step into the far planets of the solar system, the magnitude （量级）of the resources and timeline required will take a global commitment," US Congressman Frank Lucas said, highlighting the importance of international cooperation in space.1. What can we learn about Tianwen 1?A. It's the world's first probe to enter the orbit around Mars.B. It will spend 10 months preparing for its landing.C. It is expected to land on Mars in May or June.D. It's one of the 46 successful Mars exploration missions.2. What does Tianwen 1 aim to achieve to set a record in Mars exploration?A. Landing a rover on the red planet.B.Staying in orbit around Mars for months.C. Bringing back samples from Mars.D.Orbiting, landing and roving with one probe.3. What5 s the biggest challenge facing Tianwen 1?A. Lack of advanced technologies. B.Achieving a safe landing.C. Completing tasks quickly. D.Insufficient landing experience.4. What can be inferred from Frank Lucas' words?A. There are risks in exploring other planets.B. Space exploration calls for global cooperation.C. Tianwen 1 will reach other planets besides Mars.D. Exploring space takes considerable time and resources.(D)Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies? People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, its too late to avoid a crash. So the cars artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic? What if such options would likely kill the cars passengers?Researchers used online surveys to study peoples attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costseven if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.“Autonomous cars can completely change transportation”, says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance.“Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot,” Bonnefons group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.“Compromises (折中) might be possible,” Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “wont speed, wont drive drunk and wont text while driving, which would be a win for society.”1. The underlined word “challenge” in paragraph 2 refers to _.A. peoples negative attitudes towards self-driving cars.B. how self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents.C. the technical problems that self-driving cars have.D. how self-driving cars handle emergencies.2. According to the text, online surveys show that _. A. self-driving cars artificial intelligence needs improvement. B. the busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving cars. C. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars. D. self-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers.3. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph? A. Regulations are in favour of drivers. B. Most people dislike self-driving cars now. C. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situation. D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.4. What is Kurt Grays attitude toward self-driving cars? A. Favorable.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Disapproving. （E)I'm at Sony's New York headquarters （总部）,where the Japanese electronics company is showing the new version of its robot dog, Aibo When I was a kid, I received a furry robot dog for Christmas one year, but quickly lost interest because it was way more fun to play with my real dog Who would buy a $2900 fake dog when they could have a living one for far less?“Aibo, sit," I said. The robot's ears perked up, with its eyes fixed on me. But it did not sit "Sit!" I tried again. Aibo just raised its head, with a look that was not unlike the response you'd get from an untrained puppy. I made one last attempt to get the dog to sit before giving up. In response, it barked at me and wagged its tail. That simple gesture melted my doubt. I patted its head, and the robot responded slightly to my touch. As I played with it for the next half hour, I became more and more charmed by its playful personality. I even started to imagine what it would be like to take it home.Aibo was first introduced in 1999, with new versions released every year or so. The older versions have a limited range of movement and little artificial intelligence. Some don't even have eyes. The sixth generation of Aibo, which Sony is launching in the United States after introducing it in Japan late last year, is the most lifelike one yet. It can walk, sit, lie down, and even play dead. There's a camera equipped with facial recognition （识别） on the dog's nose and a camera that maps the space around it at the base of its tail. In Japan, the new Aibo sold out right away, and Sony has sold 20,000 of the robots as of July.Aibo isn't meant to be an assistant that performs tasks like calling your family and friends on your behalf and it's not tracking your behavior tor the express purpose of monitoring your health. It's meant to copy the kind of companionship a real-life dog offers1. What was the author's attitude to Aibo at first?A. Positive. B. Neutral. C Negative D. Unconcerned.2. What do we know about the sixth generation of Aibo from paragraph 3?A. It has a camera on its ear. B. It is popular with customers in Japan.C It was first produced in the United States. D. It needs improvements in artificial intelligence.3. Why was Aibo created?A. To keep people company. B. To monitor people's health.C. To do some simple work. D. To make life more intelligent.4. What is the best title for the passage ?A. An assistant robot dogB. A most lifelike robot dogC. A real-life dogD. A playful dog（F)Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature,cure diseases,make bombs,and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation (诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brooks,author of The Social Animal:The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal,however