中考英语阅读快速提升技巧与巩固练习.docx

快速提升阅读技巧专项训练题型特征1九年级阅读理解所选文章通常难度不大，一般与九年级教材难易程度相当，或略高于教材中的短文。2.文章体裁主要包括记叙文、简单的说明文、各种形式的应用文（书信、电子邮件、招聘启事、招领启事、海报等），较少涉及议论文。3.文章题材范围很广，涉及个人情况、学校生活、家庭生活、兴趣爱好、娱乐、饮食、健康、体育、文化习俗、旅游、时尚等，所选文章新颖、富有时代感、贴近现实生活、贴近学生生活。4九年级阅读理解所选的短文长度一般在200词左右。5.针对阅读理解所设计的题目一般以单项选择型为主，但也包括其他任务型题型：如根据短文内容判断正误、回答问题、填写表格所缺信息、信息匹配等。题型解密初中阶段阅读理解题主要有以下几种类型：1.事实细节题细节理解题一般针对某个特定的细节而提出，属浅层理解，通过通读全文后可以直接找出答题依据。细节理解题有三种题型：纯细节题、计算题、细节推断题。细节理解题在阅读理解中占相当大的比重，涉及的内容很广，如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果等。常见的提问方式有： (1)How many/ how much? (2)What color? (3)Who? (4)When do they? (5)Where is/are? (6)How often/soon? (8)What do they do in the evening? (9)Which of the following is True/Right/Wrong? (10)From the passage,we know that2.词义猜测题词义猜测题主要考查文章中出现的词、词组或句子的含义。词和词组的考查要求学生推测出生词的中文意思或其近义词或短语的引申意义，而句子则考查根据上下文推测整句话的含义。对生词的考查针对的是对文中超纲词汇、一词多义、熟词生意等意义的准确理解，这就要求学生通过阅读文章，推测出该词在句中的确切含义。常见的设问方式有： (1)The wordin the passage means_. (2)The word“”is closest in meaning to_. (3)The underlined word“”means_. (4)What is the Chinese meaning of the word“”? (5)The underlined part in the second paragraph means_. (6)The underlined word“it/they/them”means_. (7)The underlined sentences means_.3.推理判断题推理判断题要求学生根据阅读材料所提供的信息，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，从而推断出未知的信息。此类题目在文章中没有明确的答案，需要学生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。常见的提问方式有： (1)From the story we can guess_. (2)The writer writes this text to_. (3)The writer suggests that_. (4)We can learn from this passage that_. (5)We can infer(推断) from the passage that_. (6)It can be seen from the passage that_. (7)What can we know from the passage? (8)From the passage we know that_.4.主旨大意题主旨大意题所提问题主要涉及文章的中心思想、段落主题、标题、作者的态度、文章的语气等。常见的提问形式有： (1)Whats the passage mainly about? (2)The passage mainly talks about_. (3)What is the main idea of this passage? (4)The main idea of the passage is_. (5)Whats the topic of the text? (6)What/Which is the best title for this passage? (7)The purpose of this passage is to_. (8)What can we know from the menu? (9)The article is written to explain_.阅读理解题的高分技巧阅读理解是一种复杂的综合性技能，并非学生常认为的那种“上课时认真阅读”就能解决的问题。这一能力的培养和提高既需要同学们在平时的学习过程中循序渐进、科学训练，也需要利用多种方法、采取多种措施。既需要在课堂上进行专项或限时阅读训练，也需要在课下拓展适量的阅读，做到课上与课下紧密配合。提高阅读理解能力应注意以下几点：1.积极扩大词汇量词汇是语言最基本的元素，在很大程度上，词汇量的大小直接影响着阅读理解的效果。词汇量不达标、词汇学习的质量不高是当前学生阅读训练效率低的主要原因之一。因而，平时一定要注意词汇积累，还要学会一些基本的构词法知识、学会根据上下文理解陌生词义、熟词生义等。也要通过阅读训练来不断整理、归纳和总结常用单词、短语，定时回顾复习，提高词汇学习质量。另外，还应留意一些与阅读理解密切联系的功能词，如：代词、介词，表示各种逻辑关系的连词等。2.学好基本的语法知识阅读理解不直接考语法，但如果没有一定的语法知识，看不懂句子的主、谓、宾，弄不清句子结构，也就无法准确理解句意。而牢固的语法知识可以促进阅读顺利进行，提高阅读的速度和效率。因此，在平时学习单词、句型和做题的过程中，同学们应及时梳理、弄清各种已学过的基本语法知识，并通过各种练习熟练巩固和掌握这些基础语法知识。当然，大量地进行阅读实践就有助于巩固已学的语法知识，因此，阅读和语法的学习应同步进行。3.拓展英语文化背景知识同学们可能有这样的体会：如果对一篇短文的内容比较熟悉，读起来就比较容易。相反，如果是一个比较生疏的话题，理解起来难度就会大一些。可见，背景知识的缺失也影响阅读理解的速度和准确性。其实，克服这一障碍的最好方法就是广泛阅读。建议同学们平时多阅读一些涉及英语文化背景知识的材料，不断拓宽知识面，增加对英语国家的历史、人文状况、政治现实、科学知识、风土人情的了解。4“精”、“泛”结合，保证一定的阅读量 “精读”，就是要求逐字逐句的咀嚼文章，弄清每个词，每句话的确切含义，仔细分析文章中的种种语言现象，其中的句子结构、词语用法等要熟读甚至能够背诵。同时，也要求从整体上把握所读文章，看看作者是如何组织材料、布局谋篇的。平时学习程中，需要选择一些高质量的阅读训练材料，熟读乃至背诵，通过阅读提高阅读能力，通过阅读记忆词汇，通过阅读理解语法。另外，坚持泛读一些文章。可以每天挤出一定的时间来读上1-2篇文章。通过这种阅读，一方面可以扩大知识面，提高理解力；另一方面，在日积月累的过程中，文化背景知识和英语语感都会有较大增加。当然，必须选好泛读材料，难度应略高于教材，内容活泼兴趣。5改变不良的阅读习惯不少同学在阅读中存在阅读速度慢，准确理解信息的能力差的问题，这有可能与阅读习惯不好有关。应及时矫正自己的不良阅读习惯，如声音化，喜欢在阅读时，嘴唇微动，甚至发出轻微的读声；伴随动作；划线法；翻译法；有时用手指字、复读。这些不良阅读习惯都会影响阅读速度的提高，必须加以克服。阅读时应做到把注意力放在语言意义上，把领会作者要表达的主要意思作为第一目的，加大“目光跨度”，以“意群”为阅读单位，养成意群阅读的习惯，因为阅读理解的基本单位是“意群”，而不是单词。要学会运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时间、地点、事件、人物、结局等。6学会使用多种方法处理信息如果语篇加长，信息量也随之增大，必然会出现很多冗余信息。因而，阅读训练时要学会捕捉和综合利用有效信息，不拘泥于对个别与阅读理解题无关的词语、句子或段落。如果是为了了解全文大意，可以采用快速掠读方式；如果是寻找具体信息，可以利用快速检索阅读法；归纳文章主旨、猜测推断类的题目，就应利用慢速细读方式。高分技巧1快速读题，正确理解题干，带着问题读文章通过快速读题，确定题干中的关键词，即能够反映题干的中心信息或能体现题干最大特征的词，如时间和数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名词、典型的形容词和副词，以及中心动词等。把握题干中的关键词有助于有的放矢地阅读并正确地确定答案。典例分析：阅读理解  Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May 27，1907Her mother，Maria Carson，had been a schoolteacherShe loved booksShe also loved natureShe showed Rachel the beauty of natureShe also taught Rachel a deep love for booksAs a quiet child，Rachel liked to read and write storiesAt a very early age，she decided she wanted to be a writer some dayHer story first appeared in a childrens magazine when she was ten years old  Her first book，Under the Sea Wind came out in 1941In 1948Miss Carson began working on another book，The Sea Around UsShe always researched carefully when she wroteShe collected information from more than one thousand places to write The Sea Around UsWhen the book came out in 1951。it won the National Book AwardIt was No.1 on the bestseller list for more than a yearThe Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson famous  Rachel Carsons most famous book，Silent Spring came out in 1962In this book，she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides(杀虫剂)like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as wellFinally，in November 1969，the United States government，decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years  Rachel Carson has been regarded as a great environmentalist(环保主义者)and writerShe will be remembered by the world1.Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of_Aher father Bher mother Cher schoolteacher Dher brother2.Rachel decided that she wanted to be a writer when_Ashe was very young Bshe was in collegeCshe became a teacher Dshe became famous3.The Chinese meaning of the word“decline”in this passage is probably“_”A增加 B减少 C维持 D翻番4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？ARachel Carson was a careful and serious writerBThe Sea Around Us won the National Book AwardCIn Silent Spring Rachel said some pesticides were bad for the environmentDThe use of DDT was stopped as soon as the book Silent Spring came out【典型例题】Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May 27,1907.Her mother,Maria Carson,had been a school teacher. Sheloved books. She also loved nature.She showed Rachel the beauty of nature.She also taught Rachel a deep love for books.As a quiet child,Rachel liked to read and write stories.62.Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of_.A.her father B.her mother C.her school teacher D.her brother【解析】此题考查对事实细节的理解，试题要求确定“RachelCarson热爱大自然和热爱读书的原因”。由第一段中Her mother,Maria Carson,had been a school teacher.She showed Rachel the beauty of nature.She also taught Rachel a deep love for books.（她教给雷切尔自然之美。她也教雷切尔深爱图书）可知，B项符合文意。2变速阅读文章，学会处理文中冗余信息在把握文章的大意时运用略读法（skimming），即仔细读文章的首尾段和中间段的首尾句；如果是寻找文中具体信息可运用查读的方法（scanning）。要学会变速阅读，即阅读时有所读有所不读。要慢读重点句、首尾段，特殊语言现象，含有题干关键词的句子。对于所有题目已定位的剩余部分（不含考题的句段）要快读，应用文中与题目无关的信息可以略读。另外，由于阅读量增加，语篇加长，信息量随之增大，必然会出现很多冗余信息。因而，阅读时要学会捕捉和综合利用有效信息，不拘泥于对个别与阅读理解题无关的词语、句子或段落。典例文章分析：The first day of school, our professor introduced an old lady Rose to us.“Why are you in college at such an age?” I asked her. She replied, “I always dreamed of having a college education and now Im getting one!” We became friends quickly.At the end of the term I invited Rose to make a speech to our football team. Ill never forget what she taught us. She said, “There are some secrets of staying young and being happy. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You must have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you will die. There is a huge difference between growing old and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesnt need any talent or ability. To grow up, you must always find the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The people who are afraid of death are those with regrets.”At the end of the year, Rose finished her college. One week after graduation, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. We would always remember the great woman.1.From the passage, we can learn that Rose _. went to college at an old age Bbecame a professor later Conce worked in a hospital Ddied before college graduation 2.At the end of the term the writer invited Rose to _. go to a party Bplay football Cmake a speech Dwrite a book 3.The underlined word “talent” in the third paragraph means “_” in Chinese. A训练 B方法 C途径 D才能 4.If you want to stay young and be happy, _, according to Rose. never grow up Bdont be afraid of death Chave a dream and never lose it Ddont find the opportunity in change 5.What is the best title of the passage? ALaughing every day BNever too old to learn CGrowing old and growing up DHow to stay young and being happy【典型例题】The first day of school,our professor introduced an old lady Rosetous. “Why are you in college at such an age?”Iasked her.She replied,“I always dreamed of having a college education and now Im getting one!”We became friends quickly.At the end of the year,Rose finished her college.One week after graduation,Rose died peacefully in her sleep.We would always remember the great woman.5.What is the best title of the passage?A.Laughing everydayB.Never too old to learnC.Growing old and growing upD.How to stay young and being happy【解析】本文围绕着一个老太太为了实现自己的梦想，很大年纪上大学学习，这展示了活到老，学到老的精神。3注意特殊语言现象，在含关键词的句子处标记特殊语言现象指文中表示因果、比较、转折、举例等现象。阅读时应留意表示这些关系的标志词，如连接词、副词、代词、介词短语等，如：if，when，how，because，though，but，however，it，and，so，for example等。它们在上下文中具有条件、时间、方式、原因、让步、转折、指代、递进、对比、结果、列举等作用，正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用，对做阅读理解题是大有好处的。BJohnlikeschocolates（巧克力）verymuch,buthismotherdoesn'tgivehim.They'rebadforhisteeth,shethinks.Johnhasaverynicegrandfather.TheoldmanlovesJohnverymuchandsometimeshebuysJohnsomechocolates.Thenhismotherletshimeatthem,becauseshewantstomaketheoldmanhappy.OneSundayeveningbeforehisseventhbirthday,heshouts,"Please,God,letthemgivemeabigboxofchocolatesformybirthday."Hismothersays,"Godcan'thearyou.Don'tshout!""Iknow,"saysthecleverboywithasmile."Butmygrandfatherisinthenextroom.Andhecan"31.John'smotherdoesn'tgivehimchocolatesbecause.A.Johndoesn'tlikethem.B.Theyarebadforhisteeth.C.Hismotherhasnomoney.D.Hismotherdoesn'tlovehim.32.WhosometimesbuyssomechocolatesforJohn?A.God.B.Hismother.C.Hisgrandfather.D.Hisgrandmother.33.WhentheoldmanbuyschocolatesforJohn,John'smotherusually.A.letshimeatthem B.doesn'tlethimeatthemC.makestheoldmanunhappy D.feelshappy34.Johnis.A.seventhyearsold B.seven-years-old C.sevenyearspld D.17yearsold35.Johnshoutsloudly(大声地)because.A.hewantsGodtobuychocolatesforhimB.hewantshisgrandfathertobuychocolatesforhimC.hewantsGodtohearhimD.hewantshismothertobuychocolatesforhim【典型例题】One Sunday evening before his seventh birthday,he shouts,“Please,God(上帝),let them give me a big box of chocolates for my birthday.”His mother says,“God cant hear you.Dont shout(叫喊)!” “I know,”says the clever boy with as mile.“But my grandfather is in the next room.And he can.”5.John shout sbe cause he wants to make_hear him.A.his grandpa B.his grandma C.his mother D.God【解析】此题考查细节信息理解，答案出自文章下面的信息：His mother says,“God cant hear you.Dont shout (喊).”“I know,”says the clever boy with a smile(微笑).“But my grandfather is in the next room,and he can!”阅读该段文章时应特别注意文中划线的特殊语言现象，从而更好地把握文意。前面的信息“我知道上帝无法听见我”，但转折意义连词but之后部分则告诉读者，“我爷爷在隔壁，他可以听得见”，所以正确答案是。4注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案正确选项的特点有：正话反说；同义词替换；叙述角度转换意思不变。干扰项的特点是：绝对化：选项中出现绝对化的词汇，如only，all，any，every，always，never等，此时应格外小心；偷换概念：如扩大或缩小范围，要特别关注名词前有无修饰；片面化：以偏概全，以细节代主题等；串段现象：如某题考第二段内容，但把别的段落的信息放在选项中；无中生有：如加上最高级或唯一性、虚假比较、无关话题等。根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。（每小题1分，共5分）BMr.Brownis80yearsold.Everymorninghegoesforawalkinthepark.Andhecomeshomeattwelvethirtyforlunch.Buttodayacarstopsathishouse.Attwelve,twopolicemenhelphimgetout.OneofthemsaystoMr.Brown'sdaughter,"Theoldmancan'tfindhiswayinthepark.Heasksustotakehimhomebycar."Thedaughterthanksthepolicemenandthepolicemenleave.Thensheaskeherfather,"Dad,yougotothatparkeveryday.Buttoday,youcan'tfindtheway.What'swrongwithyou?"Theoldmansmileslikeachildandsays,"Icanfindmyway.ButIdon'twanttowalkhome."根据短文内容，选择正确答案。（）6.Everyday,Mr.Brownoftencomeshomeat_.A. twelveB.halfpastelevenC.halfpasttwelve D.aquarterpasttwelve（）7、TodayMr.Browncomeshome_.A.bycarB.bybikeC.bybusD.onfoot（）8、ThepolicemansaysMr.Brown_inthepark.A.doesn'twanttowalkhomeB.can'tfindhiswayhomeC.knowsthewayD.isill（）9、Mr.Brown'sdaughterthinks_.A.hewantstogohomeB.hewantstohavelunchearly C.hedoesn'twanttogototheparkD.somethingiswrongwithhim（）10、Mr.Brownhaslunch_.A.athomeB.inthecarC.intheparkD.attwelveC、根据短文内容，选择最佳答案（每小题1分，共5分）CMynameisZhaoMinIliveinHenanIamnowastudentofGradeOneinamiddleschoolinHenanSusanGreenismypenpalSheisthirteenyearsoldSheiSinGradeSeveninamiddleschooloftheUSAMyEnglishteachersaysweareinthesamegradeHowfunny(有趣的)itis!Inherletter，SusansaysshegoestoschoolfivedaysaweekShegetstoschoolat8：30inthemorningShedoesn'tgohomeforlunchbuthasitatschoo1Shegoeshomeatthree0'clockintheafternoonSometimessheplaysgameswithherfriendsafterschoo1Sheoftenhaslittlehomework根据短文内容，选择正确答案。()11Susanis_girlofthirteenyearsoldinamiddleschoo1AanAmericanBaChineseCanAustralianDaJapanese()12Susan_earlyeverydayAgoestoschoolBgoeshomeChaslessonsDhaslunch()13Theword"pal"means_AstudentBteacherCfriend"D1etter()14.Whatdoestheunderlined(画线的)word"it''mean?A.I'minGradeOne.SusanisinGradeSeven,ButweareinthesamegradeB.I'minGradeOneC.SusanisinGradeSevenD.BothBandC()15whichofthefollowingsentencesisRIGHT?AI'mamiddleschoolstudentinGradeOneinAmericaBSusanhasnohomeworkeverydayCSusanhaslunchatschoo1DSusanoftengoestotheshopnearherschoolafterschoo1【典型例题】In her letter, Susan says she goes to school five days a week.She gets to school at 8:30 in the morning.She doesnt go home for lunch,but has it school.5.Which of the following sentences is TRUE?A.Han Xueisa middle school student in America.B.Susan has no homework during weekdays.C.Susan has lunch at school.D.Susan plays games with her mother after scho