Unit 3 单元小结高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册.docx

Unit 3 sports and Fitness单元小结一、词汇I. 阅读词汇-明确含义1. soccer n. 足球；足球运动2. stadium n. (pl. stadiums or stadia)体育场; 运动场3. boxing n. 拳击(运动)4. badminton n. 羽毛球运动5. event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动6. ski adj. 滑雪的 vi.滑雪7. track n. 跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi. 追踪; 跟踪8. gym n. 健身房; 体育馆 9. gymnastics n. 体操(训练)10. sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n. 汗水; 出汗11. legend n.传奇故事(或人物)；传说12. master n. 高手; 主人 vt. 精通；掌握13. medal n. 奖章; 勋章14. part adv.分离；分开；成碎片15. captain n. (运动队)队长；船长；机长16. million num. 一百万17. audience n. 观众；听众18. positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的19. slim adj. 苗条的；单薄的20.diet n.规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食21. rather adv. 相当；有点儿22. push-up n. ( especially AmE ) 俯卧撑23. jog vi. 慢跑 n.慢跑24. error n. 错误；差错II. 拓展词汇-灵活运用1. fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合 fit adj. 健康的;适合的2. host vt. 主办;主持n。主人;东道主;节目主持人 hostess.女主人;女主持人3. athlete n. 运动员;运动健儿 athleticadj.健壮的;体育运动的4. honourn. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸 honourable adj.可敬的;光荣的5. gloryn. 荣誉，光荣，赞美 glorious adj.光荣的，辉煌的6. championshipn. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号 championn.冠军;优胜者7. determinationn. 决心;决定 determine v.(使)下决心 determined adj. 坚决的8. injure vt. 使受伤;损害injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的 injury n. 伤害;损伤9. gracefuladj. 优美的;优雅的 grace n. 优美;优雅 gracefully adv.优美地;优雅地10. strengthn. 力量;体力;长处 strengthen v. 加强;巩固strong adj.强壮的;坚固的11. failuren. 失败;失败的人(或事物) fail.失败;不及格12. compete vi. 竞争;对抗 competitor n.竞争者 competition n. 竞赛13. stressn. 压力;紧张;重音vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安 stressful adj. 压力重的;紧张的 stressed adj.焦虑的;重读的III. 重点词汇-用法归纳1. honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸v. 给予荣誉;尊敬小 be an honour to sb.是某人的光荣be/feel honoured to do.因做而感到荣幸 in honour of =in one's honour为向表示敬意It' s great honour(for sb.) to do sth. (某人)很荣幸做某事2. determination n. 决心;决定 determine vt.vi. 决定;确定;(使)下定决心本 determine+从句决定 determine to do sth.决定做某事(强调动作)人主年 determine on/upon(doing)sth.就(做)某事做出决定 determined adj.有决心的，坚决的 be determined to do sth.决心做某事(强调状态) with determination坚决地3. injure vt. 使受伤;损害 injury n. 伤害，损害do sb. an injury=do an injury to sb.使某人受伤害 injured adj. 受伤的 get injured受伤 the injured伤员4. compete vi. 竞争;对抗(1) compete with/against sb.与竞争/对抗 compete for sth.为而竞争/对抗 compete in sth.参加比赛(或竞赛(2)competition n. 竞争;比赛 competitive adj. 竞争的，比赛的 competitor n. 竞争者，对手5. pretend vt.vi. 装扮;假装 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装做过某事 pretend to be sb./sth.假装是某人/物 pretend+that clause假装6. cheat vt.vi. 欺骗;作弊n.骗子; 欺骗手段 cheat sb. (out) of sth.(尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段)阻止某人得到某物 cheat sb. into doing sth.哄骗某人做某事7. stress n. 压力;紧张;重音vt. 重读;强调;使焦虑不安 be under stress在压力下 stressful adj. 紧张的，压力重的8. failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物) fail v. 失败;不及格;(机件或人体器官)失灵;(视力、记忆、健康等)衰退;辜负 fail to do sth.没能做成某事 failure to do sth.未履行(应做之事)9. compare vt. 比较;对比;将比作 compare A and/with B将A和B比较 compared with/to.和相比(常作状语) compare A to B 将A比作B二、重点短语1. come along 跟随; 到达; 进步; 赶快2. track and field田径3. work out锻炼;计算出; 解决4. make it 获得成功;准时到达5. set an example树立榜样6. fall apart破裂;破碎;崩溃7. lose heart丧失信心;泄气8. give up放弃;投降9. make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚10. make sense of.弄懂;了解11. pretend to do sth.假装做某事12. even if/ though即使;虽然13. make a difference有作用或影响14. rather than而不是15. cut.out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下16. now and then有时;偶尔17. compare.with把与比较 compare.to.把.比作18. take part in参加19. at least至少20. at first起初21. be up to sb.to do.由(某人)决定做22. at home and abroad在国内外23. by the way顺便说24. fall down摔倒25. millions of数百万26. agree with同意27. go bananas发怒;发疯28. instead of而不是;代替29. be positive about对有信心30. have a go试一试31. play role in在中起作用三、重点句型I. 长难句1. She had faced difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team.她以前也遇到过各种困难，她知道只要她这些年轻的运动员们拧成一股绳通力合作，就能获胜。本句中that引导宾语从句，if引导条件状语从句。2. I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.我同意这个观点，即使假摔对她或他的球队有利，一个足球运动员也决不应该那样做。本句that引导同位语从句；even if引导让步状语从句。3. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 本句中which引导定语从句，since+时间句中常用现在完成时，而此句中表示动作从1996年起直到现在一直在帮助年轻人，而且有可能继续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。4. I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.我总是想让自己看起来像电视上的那些苗条女孩，尽管我知道明知这不可能。本句中even though引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句。5. Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.最后，我不再拿自己与女演员和模特比较，不再寻找我的脸蛋或身材的缺陷。 本句是主从复合句，comparing. 和looking.是并列的动名词作宾语，that引导定语从句。II. 高频句式1.“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词主语”类型的倒装句，意为“也是如此” I enjoy reading the book and so does my wife.我喜欢看这本书，我的妻子也喜欢。 Football is very important to me, and so is our friendship.足球对我来说非常重要，我们的友谊也是如此。 - I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.我不知道你的感觉如何，但我不喜欢并厌倦这种天气。 - So am I. I can't stand all this rain.我也一样。我受不了总下雨2. 主句+ even if/even though+从句 even if与 even though同义，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管;即使” Even if it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan.即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。 Even though it's hard work, enjoy it.虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。 He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.他如此繁忙。即使他想陪他的儿子，他也抽不出足够的时间。四、附加疑问句附加疑问句，又叫反意疑问句，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断也可以用于祈使句表示请求或建议。1.附加疑问句的组成(1) 肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分 The sports meeting is to take place next week, isn't it?运动会下周举行，对吗? My brother failed to pass the English exam last week, didn't he?我弟弟上周英语考试不及格，不是吗? That sounds interesting, doesn't it?听起来很有趣，不是吗?(2) 否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分 The boy isn't doing his homework, is he?那个男孩没在做作业，对吗? Mary doesn't go to school by bus, does she?玛丽不乘公共汽车去上学，是吗? He can't ride a bike, can he?他不会骑自行车，是吗?(3) 含有否定词的陈述部分十肯定附加疑问部分 There is nobody in the room, is there?房间里没有人，是吗? They have never learned English, have they?他们从没学过英语，是吗? John could hardly play the violin when we knew him，could he?我们认识约翰时，他几乎不会拉小提琴，对吗?附加疑问句需注意的几个问题(1) 如果陈述句中的主语是不定式短语、动名词短语、从句、 everything， something或 nothing，附加疑问句通常要用it作主语。 Something is wrong with the machine, isn't it?这台机器出毛病了，是吗? Everything that he says is true, isn't it?他说的一切都是真的，不是吗? What he said just now is reasonable, isn't it?他刚才说的话合情合理，对吗?(2) 附加疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-，im-，in-，dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。 It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isnt it?不记更多单词学英语是不可能的，对吧? The man is dishonest, isn't he?那个人不诚实，对不对? You dislike sports, don't you?你不喜欢运动，是吗?d(3) 肯定祈使句的附加疑问句部分用“won't/can't you?”或 “will/can you?”，否定的祈使句要用“will you?” Come in and have a cup of coffee, won't you/will you?进来喝杯咖啡，好吗? Don't get close to the river bank, will you?不要靠近河岸，好吗?(4) 陈述部分为“Let us.”时，附加疑问句部分习惯上用“will you”形式。陈述部分为“Let'”时，附加疑问句部分习惯上用“ shall we?”形式。 Let us do the work all by ourselves, will you?让我们自己做这项工作，好吗? Let's go out for a walk, shall we?我们出去散步吧，行吗?