教育专题：教育专题：小学英语基础知识.ppt
小学英语基础知识小学英语基础知识小学英语基础知识小学英语基础知识 字母字母字母字母1、26个字母（听、说、读、写过关）（所有的大写字母占上两格）:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ R STUVWXYZ ab cde fgh i jklm n opab cde fgh i jklm n opq rs tu vwx yzq rs tu vwx yz字母书写 占格：（1）占中间一格的字母：a,c,e,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x,z （2）占一二两格的字母：b,d,h,k,l,i,t以及所有大写字母 （3）占二三两格的字母：g,q,y （4）占三格的字母：f,p,j 单词书写 各字母要紧贴；各字母要匀称；人名要大写：英文人名开头一个大写，中国人名姓、名分别大写，即两个大写；地名开头大写；国名开头大写；数词后置式的词组Class ,Grade ,Picture ,单词开头要大写；缩写词一般要大写；I永远大写。各字母斜度一致。形容词性物主代词 人称 单数 复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称 my mine our ours第二人称 your yours your yours第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its itsBe动词的用法 Be动词用法口诀：我用am，你用are，Is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are，变否定，更容易，（be）后加not就可以，变问句，往前提，句末问号莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，举手大卸磨迟疑。Im=I am Im not=I am notyoure=you are youre not=you are notTheyre=they are theyre not=they are notHes=he is he isnt=he is notShes=she is she isnt=she is notIts=it is it isnt=it is not名词单数变复数规则变化：名词单数变复数，一般加-s没有错。词尾s,x,sh,ch,o直接加上-es。f,fe为结尾，加-s之前要变ve。辅音字母y来结尾，y变i再加-es没问题。部分词尾字母若是o，加-es有tomato和potato。不规则变化:不规则变化要特别记，oo常常变ee,foot-feet;男人、女人a改e,manmen;特殊childchildren等。不可数名词的复数使用原型。如：water,juice,soup,bread,rice,meat,cheese,fish,sheepo、s、x、ch、sh结尾的加es potato-photoes busbuses classclasses glassglasses sunglasssunglasses dressdresses boxboxes foxfoxesdishdishesbenchbenches branchbranches sandwich-sandwiches brushbrushes watch-watches辅音字母+y结尾，变为ies familyfamilies babybabies bodybodies aviaryaviaries flyflies library-libraries butterfly-butterflies countrycountriesBirthday-birthdays f、fe结尾，去f、fe，变为ies shelfshelves leafleaves wolfwolves knifeknives scarf-scarves 特殊情况 childchildren mousemice footfeet toothteeth sheepsheep peoplepeople fishfish(表示数量)manmen plicemanpolicemen 不可数名词无复数形式 milk tea water juice coffee soup rice bread jam honey butter flour glue paper sugar salt hair ice tape money corn hay grass rain typhoon thunder homework time rubbish ink snow wind chicken cabbage fish manymuch someany how manyhow much nicebeautifulpearpair rightwrite seesea arentaunt whoswhose forfour totwotoo knowno wherewear hearhere theretheir bybuybye flour-flower longshort tallshort largesmall newold youngold thickthin fatthin afraidbrave hungryfull happysad wetdry hotcold warmcool roughsmooth softhard whiteblack fastslow goodbad beautifulugly cheapdear rightwrong cleandirty earlylate noisequiet easydifficult inout updown leftright eastwest southnorth onunder in front ofbehind comego sitstand herethere put ontake off get onget off turn onturn off 动词的现在分词 1、一般情况加ing cross-crossing drinkdrinking buybuying colourcolouring laylaying meanmeaning peelpeeling shoutshouting pickpicking flyflying eat-eating jump-jumping open-opening2、不发音e结尾，去e加ing comecoming becomebecoming bakebaking divediking drive-driving makemaking take-taking bake-baking taste-tasting shine-shining dancedancing close-closing rideriding writewriting havehaving give-giving taketaking smokesmoking useusing leave-leaving wave-waving liveliving shake-shaking 现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?一般现在时一般现在时的功能一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转 一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语动词：主语 be(am,is,are)其它其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语行为动词：主语 行为动词行为动词 其它其它。如：We study English.我们学习英语。一般现在时的变化一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化动词的变化。否定句：主语否定句：主语 be not 其它。其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Be 主语主语 其它其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.非凡疑问句：疑问词非凡疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化行为动词的变化。否定句：主语否定句：主语 dont(doesnt)动词原形动词原形(其它其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定构成否定句。句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Do(Does)主语主语 动词原形动词原形 其它其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问构成一般疑问句句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.3.动词动词 s的变化规则的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks 2以以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3以以“辅音字母辅音字母 y”结尾，变结尾，变y为为i,再加再加-es，如：study-studies2陈述句中有情态动词（can may must）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。如：He can swim now Can he swim now？The children may come with us May the children come with us？3陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如：I like these animals Do you like these animals？She wants to go to the movies Does she want to go to the movies？特殊疑问句 一特征一特征1、一般情况：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。3、不用yes,no回答，直接回答。4、读降调。5、常用疑问词：who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,how many,how much,how far.How long,how often,how soon,how high,等。熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。数词表示年龄：He is fifty-five.How old is he?表示时间：Its fifty-five.Whats the time?表示加法：Six and two is eight.Whats six and two?表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan.How much is the shirt?表示多少：I have three brothers.How many brothers do you have?姓名和人表示人名：My name is Gina.Whats your name?表示人：The woman is Gina.Who is the woman?长度和距离表示距离：Its five hundred metres away from here.How far is it from here?表示长度：Its five hundred metres.How long is it?颜色，东西表示颜色：The shoes are white.What color are the shoes?表示物：They are white sheep.What are they?表示颜色：They are white sheep.What color are these sheep?名词所有格和人表示名词所有格：Shes Lucys sister.Whose sister is she?表示人：Shes Lucys sister.Who is she?
