2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great Scientists达标巩固练（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

1UnitUnit 1 1 GreatGreat ScientistsScientists李仕才一、阅读理解。Animals use many tricks to hide from predators(捕食性动物)While different，they are all visual animals.Now scientists have uncovered a fish species that uses both visual and chemical disguise(伪装)Rohan Brooker, one of the researchers who made the discovery said that he first thought of the idea after reading about a species which takes on the smell of the plant that it eats.Thus，its predators，ants walk right over it.Since Harlequin Filefish are picky eaters that feed totally off the Acroporaa beautiful species of blue/purple coral，Brooker theorized that they too may be using a similar trick to fool their predators.To test his theory，Brooker's team acquired some filefish from the Great Barrier Reef and divided them into two groups.For the next four weeks，one group fed on their normal diet of the Acropora coral，while the other fed on the Pocillopora coral.In order to test if there was any difference in the way they smelled，the researchers did another experiment.They found the smells from the two groups were different.But there was still a question of whether the smell was strong enough to protect the fish from their natural predators.To test that，Brooker's team added a predatory species of cod(鳕鱼)to the mix.Sure enough，the cod that were placed in the tank containing the fish fed on the Pocillopora coral were immediately able to sense them.In contrast，the cod in the tank where the fish had been fed on their natural dietthe Acropora coral，appeared oblivious to their existence and instead spent much of their time inside the tank's caves.This confirmed the team's suspicion that the filefish have figured out how to give off the smell of the Acropora coral to avoid being detected by predators.While the smell­based disguise had been previously observed in some species of fresh water，this study was the first to prove that the fish's diet was the source of this disguise.Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish，Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals.Sure it gives a whole new meaning to the saying“You are what you eat！”1The underlined word “oblivious” in Paragraph 3 may mean “_” 2Aignorant BsensitiveCallergic Dcautious2What statement may Brooker agree to?AFreshwater fish all know the role of smell.BSea animals use smell to cheat their enemies.CThe smell­based disguise may work occasionally.DHumans are really what kind of fish they eat.3What is the passage mainly about?AA way to fight against predators.BA smell trick of all sea animals.CA fish smells like the coral.DFilefish in the Great Barrier Reef.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于 Harlequin Filefish 如何通过自身的伪装来抵御捕食性动物的研究。【难句分析】Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish，Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals.分析：本句包含 Though 引导的让步状语从句；that 引导宾语从句。译文：尽管这个理论只在 Harlequin Filefish 身上得到验证，但 Brooker 猜想这种类型的化学伪装在海洋动物身上是相当普遍的。1A 考查词义猜测。根据该词前面的描述及后面的“and instead spent much of their time inside the tank's caves”可知，此处为这些鳕鱼对于以 the Acropora coral 为食的鱼的存在看起来是不知道的。ignorant“不知道的，愚昧的” ；sensitive“敏感的” ；allergic“过敏的” ；cautious“谨慎的” 。2B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish，Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals”可知，Brooker 赞同的是海洋动物通过气味来欺骗它们的敌人。根据最后一段第一句中的“While the smell­based.in some species of fresh water”可排除 A；根据最后一段第二句中的“Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals”可排除 C；根据最后一段第三句“Sure it gives a whole new meaning to the sayingYou are what you eat！ ”可知，该句中的“You”指的不是人类，故排除 D。3A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Animals use many tricks to hide from predators(捕食性动物)”和“Brooker theorized that they too may be using a 3similar trick to fool their predators”可知，本文主要介绍了抵御捕食性动物的一种方法，故 A 项符合题意。二、语法填空。China will allow all couples to have two children，_1_ (give) up its decades­long one­child policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) _2_ (announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a communiqué (公报)_3_ (issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) _4_ it comes into force.China's family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s _5_ (control) the rapid _6_ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples _7_ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents _8_ were both only children in their family could have _9_ second child.The one­child policy was _10_ (far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。1giving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语 China 与 give up 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing 形式作状语，故填 giving。2announced 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 on Thursday 可知，本处应用一般过去时。3issued 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue 与 communiqué 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词 issued 作定语。4before 考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before “在之前” 。5to control 考查非谓语动词。中国于 20 世纪 70 年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策4以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6growth 考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7to 考查介词。limit . to . “限定到”是固定搭配。8who/that 考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为 parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填 who/that。9a 考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又” 。这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子” 。10further 考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填 further。三、完形填空。We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of self­awareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of self­awareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, _12_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking _16_.The _17_ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈养). For example, one­directional glass sometimes used in the areas may _18_ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the _19_. That's because they might believe it to be another panda, _20_ themselves.1A.papers Bcovers5Cheadlines Dpages2A.widely Bpopularly Cespecially Dcompletely3A.shy BfondCconscious Dconfident4A.failed BignoredCfaced Dconducted5A.observe BdiscoverCrecognize Dunderstand6A.believe in Bfind outCpick out Dtake in7A.sense BquestionCopinion Dthought8A.for BwithCin Dbefore9A.how BwhenCwhy Dwhether10A.touchable BseeableCsensible Dpossible11A.dismisses BadmitsCfeels Dmoves12A.all BmostCone Dnone13A.Thus BHoweverCInstead DStill14A.reaction BreflectionCoperation Dimagination15A.trapped BamazedCthreatened Dteased16A.backwards BaloneCforwards Dalong17A.failure BoutcomeCsuccess Dreview18A.cause Bprepare6Caccelerate Durge19A.eyes BcagesCzoo Dglass20A.other than Bregardless ofCbecause of Drather than【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文对大熊猫、儿童还有其他的动物都做了有关自我意识感方面的研究，结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差，即使照镜子，它们也认不出镜子里的自己。1C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C 项意为“头条(新闻)” ，符合语境。A 项意为“报纸” ；B 项意为“封面” ；D 项意为“页码” ，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。2A 考查副词辨析。上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被广泛传阅。A 项意为“广泛地” ，符合语境。B 项意为“流行地” ；C 项意为“特别地” ；D 项意为“完全地” ，均与语境不符。故选 A 项。3C 考查形容词辨析。根据第二段第一句中的“a classic test of self­awareness”可知，这里指的是现在看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C 项意为“有意识的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“害羞的” ；B 项意为“喜欢的” ；D 项意为“自信的” ，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。4A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“They cannot. have a _ of self­awareness.”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有通过这种经典的自我意识测试。A 项意为“失败” ，符合语境。B 项意为“忽视” ；C 项意为“面对” ；D 项意为“指挥，引导” ，均与语境不符。故选 A 项。5C 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C 项意为“辨认出” ，符合语境。A 项意为“观察” ；B 项意为“发现” ；D 项意为“理解” ，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。6B 考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B 项意为“找到，弄清楚” ，符合语境。A 项意为“相信，信任” ；C 项意为“挑选出” ；D 项意为“吸收，欺骗” ，均与语境不符。故选 B 项。7A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A 项意为“感觉” ，a sense of 为固定搭配，意为“一种感” ，符合语境。B 项意为“问题” ；C 项意为“观点” ；D 项意为“想法” ，均与语境不符。故选 A 项。8B 考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中呈现出来。表示使用某种工具，应用介词 with。9D 考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者想观察大熊猫是否能注意到它脸7上的记号。故选 D 项。10B 考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，在自己脸上的标记，只有在镜子中才能看到。B 项意为“可见的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“可触摸的” ；C 项意为“可觉察的” ；D 项意为“可能的” ，均与语境不符。故选 B 项。11C 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此处指如果动物注意到脸上的标记，它会感受到这个标记的。C 项意为“感受，感觉” ，符合语境。A 项意为“解雇，解散” ；B 项意为“承认” ；D 项意为“移动” ，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。12D 考查代词辨析。根据上文及转折词“but”可知，此处指没有一只大熊猫像其他动物一样能感受到脸上的标记。故选 D 项。13C 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子里的影像是其他大熊猫” 。C 项意为“代替，而不是” ，符合语境。A 项意为“因此” ；B 项意为“然而” ；D 项意为“仍然” ，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。14B 考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，镜子中应是映照出的影像。B 项意为“映像，倒影” ，符合语境。A 项意为“反应” ；C 项意为“操作，手术” ；D 项意为“想象” 。均与语境不符。故选 B 项。15C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中熊猫的反应可知，熊猫表现出好像受到镜子中“自己”的威胁。C 项意为“威胁” ，符合语境。A 项意为“使陷入困境，卡住” ；B 项意为“使惊讶” ；D 项意为“取笑，戏弄” ，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。16A 考查副词辨析。根据常识可知，害怕会向后退。A 项意为“向后” ，符合语境。B 项意为“独自地” ；C 项意为“向前” ；D 项意为“一起，沿着” ，均与语境不符。故选 A项。17B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B 项意为“结果” ，符合语境。A 项意为“失败” ；C 项意为“成功” ；D 项意为“复习” ，均与语境不符。故选 B 项。18A 考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指可以成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感到有压力。cause sb. to do sth. 意为“导致某人做某事” ，符合语境。B 项意为“准备” ；C 项意为“加速” ；D 项意为“督促” ，均与语境不符。故选 A 项。19D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“one­directional glass”可知，glass 符合语境。故选 D 项。20D 考查介词短语辨析。由语境可知，此处指这就是因为大熊猫相信镜子里是别的大熊猫而不是自己。D 项意为“而不是” ，符合语境。A 项意为“除了” ；B 项意为“不管” ；C 项意为“因为” ，均与语境不符。故选 D 项。8四、短文改错。One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous it was!Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame for. Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other. Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.答案：One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head. He was greatly infromhistheby the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to frighteningfrightenedDroppedDroppingthe ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was!WhatHowObviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living washighlyhighin an apartment. It was that person who was to blame . Every one of us should behave politely and think more about . Only when we each otherothersproperly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.behavedbehave难项分析：第二处：histhe 考查冠词。动词sb.介词the身体部位为固定用法，此处表示“几乎击中了他的头部” 。第四处：DroppedDropping 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 he 与分词之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。第九处：otherothers 考查代词。other 为形容词“其他的” ；others 为代词，指代“其他人” 。五、七选五9