2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Poems达标巩固练（含解析）新人教版选修6.doc

1PoemsPoems李仕才一、阅读理解。Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans.A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish.And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem.“Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down.”The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres，the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic，Indian，and Pacific Oceans，home of what some have called a plastic island.“What we found in the center of the Pacific was not a floating island of plastic.What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water.And in some parts of the oceans，scientists have found more plastic than plant.”The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants.“There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets(磁铁)These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic，and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues.”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last.China，Indonesia，the Philippines，Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters.The United States，although a leader in recycling，is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic.There are efforts around the world to address the problem，including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩)But Andersen says there is more that people can do.“Cut back on single­use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.”She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.1What can we learn from the passage?AThere's an island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.BThe bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.CThe United States is the least plastic polluters.DThe plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.22What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?APollutants like heavy metals and medicines.BThe plastic particles.CSeafood.DFatty tissues.3What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AAll Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.BThe plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.CAndersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem.DPeople should stop using plastic products immediately.4Which may be the title of the passage?APlastic pollution in the WorldBPlastic pollutionOceans' DisasterCWays to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceansDPlastic pollution and our health【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料垃圾对海洋的严重破坏。长难句分析：The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants.(第三段第一句)分析：这是一个主从复合句。where 引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词microscopic level。译文：塑料垃圾碎片会影响食物链，这种影响有时明显，但更多的还是反映在微观层面上，塑料微粒在这个层面上与其他污染物相互作用。词汇积累：disaster n灾难 document v记载 poisonous adj.有毒的 substance n物质 tissue n组织1D 考查推理判断。 .what we see is just the tip of the problem.“Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom，and that that remains on the surface actually breaks down.”(第一段最后两句)译文：我们所看到的只是问题的一小部分。 “实际上有一半的垃圾都沉入了海底，另一些残留在表面上的实际上已经分解掉了。 ”解题思路：根据关键句可推断出，海洋中的塑料垃圾远比我们看到的要严重得多。根据第二段第二句“What we found in the center of the Pacific was not a floating island of plastic.”可知，A 项与原文不符；根据关键句可知，B 项与原文不符；根据最3后一段第二句中的“one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic”可知，C 项与原文不符。故选 D。2B 考查指代判断。These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics，those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues.(第三段第三句)译文：这些有毒物质会吸附在塑料上，然后当海鲜吸收这些塑料时，有毒物质就会进入它们的脂肪组织。解题思路：根据画线词上句中的“the plastic particles interact with other pollutants”可知，塑料颗粒可与其他污染物相互作用；结合关键句可知，此处应指塑料颗粒就像磁铁一样，可以将毒素吸附到自己身上，然后带入海鲜体内。由此可推知，it 指代上文中的“the plastic particles” ，故选 B。3C 考查细节理解。But Andersen says there is more that people can do.“Cut back on single­use plastics，straws，plastic cups, plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.”(最后一段第四、五句)译文：但是 Andersen 称，人们能做的不仅仅是这些。 “减少一次性塑料、吸管、塑料杯、塑料水瓶和塑料袋的使用，并找到诸如可再用材料之类的替代品。 ”解题思路：根据关键句可推断出，Andersen 对目前人们为解决塑料问题所做的努力并不满意，她认为人们可以做得更多。根据最后一段第一句可知，并非所有的亚洲国家都有严重的塑料污染，所以 A 项与原文不符；根据最后一段第三句可知，如今全世界都在努力解决这一问题，所以 B 项与原文不符；根据关键句中的“cut back”可知，D 项与原文不符。故选 C。4B 考查标题概括。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了塑料污染对海洋的严重破坏。B 项概括了文章主旨，最适合做标题。故选 B。二、语法填空。Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This myth holds _1_ certain appeal because if it _2_ (be) true, then we could instantly become ten times _3_ (intelligent) just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain!The idea that we use only a small fraction of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists _4_ (stimulate) a specific part of the brain, the animal moved _5_ (it) leg or tail. And some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless.4Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain regions of the brain had no physical effects, which _6_ (call) the “silent cortex”. Today we know that much of the “silent cortex” is actually devoted to complex activities like language, learning and imagining.Actually, _7_ we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity? _8_ (interest) enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a _9_ (give) task, the more the brain as a whole is capable _10_ doing.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。我们人类只使用了大脑的百分之十？是否激活沉睡的大部分大脑我们就可以比现在聪明十倍？很遗憾，科学证明事实并不是这样的！1a 考查冠词。hold a certain appeal “有一些吸引力” 。2were 考查虚拟语气。根据空格后的“then we could instantly become .”可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，要用虚拟语气，故此处用 were。3more intelligent 考查形容词的比较级。由设空前的“ten times”可知，此处表示比较，指(比以前)聪明十倍，应填形容词的比较级，而 intelligent 是多音节形容词，故填 more intelligent。4stimulated 考查动词的时态。本句描述 19 世纪科学家所做的实验，因此用一般过去时。5its 考查代词。这里 its 指代 the animal's。6are called 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中指代 regions，此处描述一种研究发现，且 call 与 regions 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 are called。7as/when 考查连词。这句话的意思是“事实上，当我们睡觉的时候，大脑的很多区域都是极度活跃的” 。8Interestingly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰后面的整个句子，因此此处要用副词 Interestingly。9given 考查非谓语动词。此处 given 作定语修饰 task，由于 give 与 task 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。10of 考查介词。be capable of doing sth. “有能力做某事” 。5三、完形填空。I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May.I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine _1_ off the leaves.It was such a _2_ and heavenly time.My calm was broken，_3_，as I rounded a curve(拐弯处)A huge U­Haul truck was coming my way several feet over the center line.I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to _4_ it.It was followed by not one but two other U­Haul trucks just as _5_.I wondered if all the stuff inside of them _6_ the same person.I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to _7_.It was then that I _8_ a self­storage business along the side of the highway，building new units for all the people who couldn't fit their _9_ into their houses.I saw a(n)_10_ couple carrying boxes into one of the units.It seemed _11_ that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff.I lost my own _12_ for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned.The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing.Yet，our whole family had awakened _13_ to escape.In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet，but none of it seemed as _14_ any more.What was important was seeing Mom's smile，giving Nana a hug and a kiss，and watching Dad snooze(打盹) in his chair _15_ a hard day's work.What was important was the stuff of _16_，not the stuff of this world.Since then I have tried to limit the things I would _17_.I didn't want too much stuff to _18_ my life.I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning，growing，and _19_ my family and others.I assumed that only by doing so could I make my _20_.1A.appreciating BreflectingCadmiring Dreleasing2A.refreshing BdelightfulCpeaceful Ddynamic3A.though BtooCanyway Dinstead4A.miss BrejectCignore Ddesert65A.useful BlargeCnew Dgood6A.turned to Breferred toCreacted to Dbelonged to7A.beat BpulseCaccelerate Dfollow8A.noticed BthoughtCdid Destablished9A.furniture BboxesCpossessions Dmaterials10A.old ByoungCmiddle­aged Dsmall11A.curious BapparentCcertain Dobvious12A.hope BtalentCfaith Dtaste13A.in return Bin turnCin time Din vain14A.affordable BsignificantCbeneficial Dpractical15A.before BinCafter Dduring16A.mind BhandChead Dsoul17A.purchase BdonateCwaste Dneed18A.put up Bcrowd upCbring up Dset up19A.helping BabusingCloving Daffecting20A.name BdayCworld Dway【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，并联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不7是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。1B 根据“the golden sunshine _1_ off the leaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光” 。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏” ；admire“钦佩，赞赏” ；release“释放，发行” 。2C 根据空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故 peaceful 符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的” ；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的” ；peaceful“平静的，宁静的” ；dynamic“动力的，有活力的” 。3A 根据空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故 though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也” ；anyway“不管怎样，无论如何” ；instead“相反” 。4A 根据空前一句中的“truck was coming my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)” ；reject“排斥，丢掉” ；ignore“忽视，不理睬” ；desert“遗弃，丢弃” 。5B 根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选 B。6D 根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belonged to)同一个人。belong to“属于” ；turn to“转向，求助于” ；refer to“参考，提到” ；react to“对作出反应” 。7D 根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故 follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打” ；pulse“跳动，搏动” ；accelerate“加速，增加” 。8A 该句中的 It was then that 是强调句型，意思是“就在那时” 。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到” ；establish“建立，创办” 。9C 根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备” ；material“材料” 。10B 根据空后一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此处young“年轻的”符合语境。middle­aged“中年的” 。11A 根据该句中的“could already have too much stuff(可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故 curious“稀奇古怪的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的” ；certain“必然的，有把握的” ；obvious“明显的，显然的” 。12D 根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望” ； talent“才能，天资” ；faith“信仰，信念” 。813C 根据空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(in time)醒来逃了出去。in return“作为回报” ；in turn“反过来，轮流” ；in vain“徒劳” 。14B 根据空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空处所填词与 important 意思相同，故 significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的” ；beneficial“有益的” ；practical“实用的” 。15C 根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后(after)。16D 根据空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空处所填词与“this world”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力” 。17A 根据上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选 A。donate“捐赠” ；waste“浪费” ；need“需要” 。18B 根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故 crowd up 符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建” ；bring up“抚养，养育，提出” ；set up“建立” 。19C 根据空后的“my family and others”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和他人”，故选 C。abuse“滥用” ；affect“影响” 。20B 根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。make sb.'s day 为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴” 。四、短文改错。Dear Steven，I would like to invite you to the annually Coming­of­age Ceremony of our school.This big event would be held in the school auditorium from 9 am to 11 am in March 12. All the Senior Three students are expect to attend it with the company of their parents and teachers.The Coming­of­age Ceremony is really a good chance for we students to express our gratitude to our beloved parents as well our patient teachers. Meanwhile, it will turn a new page in our life, that means we have grown up and it is time we shoulder more responsibilities for the family and society.I'd appreciate it if you could come and share with the unforgettable moment with us. I'm looking forward to your arrive!9Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Steven，I would like to invite you to the Coming­of­age Ceremony of our annuallyannualschool.This big event be held in the school auditorium from 9 am to 11 am wouldwillMarch 12. All the Senior Three students are to attend it with inonexpectexpectedthe company of their parents and teachers.The Coming­of­age Ceremony is really a good chance for students to weusexpress our gratitude to our beloved parents as well our patient teachers. asMeanwhile, it will turn a new page in our life, means we have grown up thatwhichand it is time we Error! more responsibilities for the shouldshouldershoulderedfamily and society.I'd appreciate it if you could come and share the unforgettable moment with us. I'm looking forward to your !arrivearrivalYours，Li Hua难项分析：第四处：expectexpected 考查被动语态。expect 与 Senior Three students 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用被动语态，故把 expect 改为 expected。第七处：thatwhich 考查定语从句的引导词。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，且引导词指代主句整体内容，故只能用 which。第八处：shoulder 前加 should 或者 shouldershouldered 考查虚拟语气。 “It is (high) time that从句”结构中，从句谓语动词要用过去式或用“should动词原形” ，且 should 不可省略。五、七选五。10