2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Computers达标巩固练（含解析）新人教版必修2.doc

1UnitUnit 3 3 ComputersComputers李仕才*阅读理解。When it's five o'clock，people leave their office.The length of the workday，for many workers，is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days，the time is everywhere：not just on clocks or watches，but on cellphones and computers.That may be a bad thing，particularly at work.New research shows that clock­based work schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.Clock­timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example：a meeting from 9 am.to 10 am.，research from 10 am.to noon，etc.On the other hand，task­timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list；each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What，then，are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways？Does one make us more productive？Better at the tasks at hand？Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne­Laure Sellier，they had participants organize different activitiesfrom project planning，holiday shopping，to yogaby time or to­do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs.“task time” They found clock­timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task­timers are happier and more creative，but less productive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening，and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task­based organizing tends to be undervalued and under­supported in business culture.Smart companies，they believe，will try to bake more task­based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office，but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy：work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock­timers，task­based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier，and the task­doers will be happier.21What is the way people often do their work according to the author?AThey give priority to the most urgent task on hand.BThey set a time limit for each specific task.CThey combine clock­based and task­based planning.DThey accomplish their tasks one by one.2What did the researchers find in their experiments on clock­timers?AThey tend to be more productive.BThey seize opportunities as they come up.CThey always get their work done in time.DThey have more control over their lives.3What is the researchers' opinion about today's business culture?AIt does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.BIt attaches more importance to work efficiency than to workers' lives.CIt aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.DIt does not lay enough emphasis on task­based practice.4From the passage，we can conclude that _.Ait is important to keep a balance between work and lifeBtask­based timing is preferred for doing creative workCperforming creative jobs tends to make workers happierDa scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation【解题导语】本文是一篇对时钟型和任务型两种工作方式的研究报告。【难句分析】While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clock­timers，task­based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.分析：本句中 While 引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然” ，相当于 although；when they are performing a job 是 when 引导的时间状语从句；that requires more creativity 是一个定语从句，先行词是 a job。译文：虽然大多数人仍然很可能在某种程度上需要或者成为时钟计时型的人，但是他们在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的时间安排。1C 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning”可知，人们采用了这两种方式的复合型工作方式，因此选项 C“他们把时钟型和任务型的计划结合起来”是正确的。选项 A、B 和 D 的信息在文中无处可寻，所以都是错误的。give priority to.意为“给以优先考虑” ；on hand意为“在手边” ；set a time limit for.意为“给设定时限” 。32A 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“They found clock­timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task­timers are happier and more creative，but less productive”可知，采用时钟计时型工作方式的人效率更高，采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心，但是效率较低。所以选 A。3D 考查推理判断。根据第五段首句“The researchers argue that task­based organizing tends to be undervalued and under­supported in business culture”可知，研究人员认为任务型的工作方式在商业文化中往往被低估并且缺乏支持。故选项D“它(商业文化)没有充分强调任务型的实践”正确。4B 考查推理判断。根据末段中的“task­based timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity”可知，在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的工作方式。故选 B 项。根据第四段中的“Task­timers are happier and more creative, but less productive”和末段的末句“It'll make those tasks easier, and the task­doers will be happier”可知，文中讲述的是采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心，且更有创造力，但并不意味着做有创造力的工作会让人们更开心，所以选项 C 是错误的；选项 A 和 D 的内容在文中没有提及，是主观臆断，因此也是错误的。*语法填空。All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of _1_(they) the hero had only a _2_(limit) and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty­four hours, _3_we were always interested in _4_(discover) just how the dying man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.Such stories set up thinking, wondering _5_we should do under similar circumstances. What _6_(happy) should we find in reviewing the past, and what regrets? Sometimes, I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day _7_if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would stress _8_(sharp) the values of life.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being _9_(be) stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him _10_(much) appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 46._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文，主要描述了作者对生活的感悟，即努力过好每一天，珍惜眼下的生活。1them 考查代词。介词 of 后接人称代词的宾格形式。they 的宾格为 them。2limited 考查词性转换。此处 limited 和 specified 是并列关系，一起修饰time，所以填 limit 的形容词形式 limited。3but 考查连词。句意：有时长达一年，有时短到 24 小时，但是我们总是对发现垂死的人选择如何度过最后的时光或最后的几个小时感兴趣。根据语境可知，此处应用 but表示转折。4discovering 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 be interested in 后接名词或动名词作宾语。故填 discovering。5what 考查宾语从句的连接词。动词 wonder 后的宾语从句中缺少动词 do 的宾语，所以用连接词 what 引导。6happiness 考查词性转换。感叹句中，what 修饰名词，happy 的名词形式为happiness。7as 考查固定搭配。句意：有时我想，把每天都当作生命的最后一天来度过也不失为一个很好的生命法则。as if 是固定搭配，意为“似乎，好像” ，符合语境。8sharply 考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词 stress。故填 sharply，意为“大幅度地” 。9were 考查虚拟语气。句意：我常常想，如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间处于眼盲、耳聋的状态，那会是一种幸事。根据句意可知，本句为虚拟语气。根据主句中的谓语动词“would be”可知，if 从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时，be 动词一律用were。10more 考查形容词的比较级。appreciative 是多音节形容词，本句表示“黑暗让他更加感激光明” ，应用形容词的比较级形式，故填 more。*完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。(2018·太原市高三年级模拟试题)I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didn't even like to answer the phone for fear that I'd have to talk to somebody I didn't know._1_ ，at school I had to spend all day in the company of others.My _2_ 5was studying.It was something I could do _3_ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was _4_ with good grades.Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to _5_ with.Yet my childhood _6_ carried over and I found myself tongue­tied and _7_ whenever I found myself in a conversation.One day while on campus，I _8_ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music _9_ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it.In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners _10_ me.I didn't really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) _11_.Two weeks _12_ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job.It was a _13_ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of _14_ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and _15_ to their requests.I began to feel comfortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldn't even _16_.Although I now spend much time talking with people，I'm still basically a _17_ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can _18_ people who feel discomfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being _19_.But I'm also glad I decided to make a _20_ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed.1A.However BThereforeCOtherwise DBesides2A.advice BpracticeCtask Descape3A.obviously BsimplyCquietly Dpoorly4A.filled BrewardedCdecorated Dfaced5A.help out Bcatch upCput up Dhang out6A.happiness Bshyness6Ckindness Dgoodness7A.excited BastonishedCembarrassed Dinterested8A.noticed BpostedCrealized Dbelieved9A.fire BgasCTV Dradio10A.terrified BpleasedCsatisfied Damazed11A.child BsingerCinterviewer Dapplicant12A.ago BlaterCbefore Dsince13A.well­paid BpuzzlingCcomfortable Dchallenging14A.listeners BfollowersCviewers Ddancers15A.referring BrespondingCoffering Dcomparing16A.feel BmoveChear Dsee17A.busy BwarmCquiet Dsmart18A.look into Brelate toCcombine with Dworry with19A.alone BaliveCactive Dawake20A.plan BmistakeCchange Ddream【解题导语】该文主要讲述了害羞的作者通过应聘电台工作而实现自我突破的故事。1A 根据上下文可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系。然而，作者在学校里不得不和同学们相处。2D 根据上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在学校用学习来逃避与人交流。73C 与语境“by myself”呼应可推知，作者一个人安安静静地做功课。4B 与语境“with good grades”呼应可推知，作者在学习上的付出得到了丰厚的回报，成绩突出。5D 由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最终意识到了和朋友相处是有趣的。hang out“常去某处” 。6B 根据上文的“I was a shy kid”并结合“I found myself tongue­tied”可推知，作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在。7C 根据“I found myself tongue­tied”可推知，和他人交流时沟通不顺畅是令人尴尬的。8A 根据语境可知，作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告。9D 根据下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，这是一则电台的招募广告。10A 根据“I had absolutely no background in radio”并结合下文的“I didn't really want the job”可推知，作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，与下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼应。11C 作者害怕与成千上万的听众交流，只想证明自己能够和面试官交谈。12B 根据语境可推知，时间已经过去了两周。13D 根据上文可知，这项工作需要与成千上万的听众交流，这对作者来说有一定的挑战性，且与语境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼应。14A 与上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners _10_ me”呼应可推知，此处表示作者给听众播放音乐。15B 与语境“answering their calls”呼应可推知，作者回应听众的要求。16D 根据上文可知，作者应聘的是电台工作，和听众们基本上是不见面的。17C 根据“still”的提示并结合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者尽管现在花费很多时间和人们交流，但是本质上还是一个不多说话的人，与下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼应。18B 结合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能够理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，认同” 。19A 根据上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍旧喜欢独处。20C 根据语境可推知，作者通过做电台工作有了重大改变，从而人生有了更多的可能性。*短文改错。8Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which frequent strikes some areas of China. I'm also very worrying about such a terrible weather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road accident, bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on.It is known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. But we should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a different. Try to drive less and choose air­friendly products. Only when everyone had the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear from you and share my good ideas.答案：Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which frequentfrequentlystrikes some areas of China. I'm also very about such terrible worryingworriedweather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road ， bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on.accidentaccidentsis known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. ItAsButSowe should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a to. Try to drive less and choose air­friendly products. Only when differentdifferenceeveryone the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear hadhasfrom you and share good ideas.myyour难项分析：第三处：去掉 a 考查冠词。weather 是不可数名词，不能和不定冠词搭配。故去掉a。第七处：protect 前加 to 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以我们应该尽我们所能去保护它。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故在 protect 前加 to。第八处：differentdifference 考查固定搭配。make a difference 为固定搭配，意为“有影响，起作用” 。*9