If-和whether的区别-(含--讲解+习题+答案).pdf
If 和 whether 的区别if 和 whether 都可译为是否,二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换,口语中多用if 代替 whether.例如：Ask if/whether he plans to come to the meeting.而以下几种情况中,只能用 whether:1.强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有 or not 时.如：Let me know whether you can come or not.2.宾语从句前置时.如：Whether this is true,I cant say.3.引导主语、表语、同位语从句时.如：Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.（主语从句）The question is whether he can do it.（表语从句）The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once.（同位语从句）4.在介词之后作介词的宾语时.如：I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.5.在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时.如：Whether to go or stay is still a question.6.在 discuss,decide 等动词后作宾语时.如：We discussed whether we should go there by plane.值得注意的是：if 还可以引导条件状语从句,是假如；如果之意,而 whether 可以引导让步状语从句,是不管；无论 之意.如：If you ask him,he will help you.I shall go,whether you come with me or stay at home.一、if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词 ask、see、say、know和 find out 等后面.一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用 if.如：例 1 Nobody knows whether(if)it will rain tomorrow.没有人知道明天是否下雨.例 2 Lucy asked whether(if)they had a cotton sweater.露西问他们是否有棉制的羊毛衣.二、if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态.1 if 或 whether 不能和 that 或其它连词（副词）同时使用,也不能省去.如：例 3 我不知道他今天是否会来.误 I dont know that if(whether)he will come here today.正 I dont know if(whether)he will come here today.例 4 他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病.误 He came to see what if(whether)there was wrong with his cat.正 He came to see if(whether)there was wrong with his cat.2 if或whether引导的宾语从句时,虽具有疑问意义,但从句语序应用陈述句语序.如：例 5 Did you know the way to the hospital The old woman asked me.The old woman asked me.if(whether)I knew the way to the hospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路.3 if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致.即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态.如：例 6 I dont know if(whether)he has come here.我不知道他是否来过这儿.例 7 Tom asked if(whether)I had read the book.汤姆问我是否看过这本书.三、if 和 whether 的区别：1 在动词不定式之前只能用 whether.如：例 8 I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下.2 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中.如：例 9 I want to know whether its good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息.3 在介词后,只能用 whether.如：例 10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作.4 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用 whether.如：例 11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题.5 用 if 会引起歧义时,只用 whether.如：例 12 Could you tell me if you know the answer这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗”.如用 whether 可避免歧义.if 和 whether 专题1)I dont care _your car breaks down or not.2)This depends upon _we are determined to do it.3)It depends on _he is ready.4)I am not interested in _youll come or not.5)We havent settled the question of _well renew our supplies ofcoal for factory.6)He doesnt know _to stay or not.7)I am not sure _Ill have time to go with you.8)She doesnt know _to get married now or wait.9)I dont know _or not they will come for our help.10)We discussed_ we should make a change in our plan.11)He considered_ he shouldnt tell her the secret.12)It is unknown _he will come.13)I dont know _they will come to help us.14)I am not certain_ the train will arrive on time.15)_the news is true remains a question.16)What we want to know is _he will come to speak to us tomorrow.17)The question is _they can take our advice.18)Let me know _ you cant meet me at Jackson and Throop StreetsWednesday afternoon at two oclock.19)We were discussing _we should discuss the business with them.20)The question _well build another lecture hasnt been settled.21)The question _hell come is unknown.22)Tell me_ it is not going to rain,please.23)I dont care _he doesnt show up.24)Please let me know _you intend to come.25)Let me know _he has left for Shanghai.1)if/whether2)whether3)whether4)whether5)whether6)whether7)whether/if8)whether9)whether10)whether11)if12)whether13)whether/if14)if/whether15)Whether16)whether17)whether18)if19)whether20)whether21)whether22)if23)if24)whether25)whether
