【精品】Beware the Dirty Seas精品ppt课件.ppt

Beware the Dirty SeasI.Pre-reading QuestionsIs the river near your home town clean or dirty?Take the Pearl River(the Zhujiang River)in Guangzhou,for example.You can take a night cruise on the Pearl River.Is it dirty?If so,what makes it dirty?What can be done about it?II.Water pollution 水污染水污染1.Water pollution is a major element of 20thcentury environmental pollution.It includes the accumulation in oceans,lakes,rivers,and streams of physical,chemical,and biological substances that are either directly harmful to life or that have dangerous or harmful secondary and longrange effects.2.The principal sources of water pollution are sewage(污水),industrial waste,garbage and refuse(废物),and agricultural fertilizers(农业化肥),pesticides(杀虫剂),and weed killers(除草剂).II.Water pollutionThe two chief reasons for the contamination(污染)and exacerbation(恶化)of the problem are industrialization(工业化)and urbanization(城镇化).Industrial wastes include dissolved minerals(溶解矿物质),toxic chemicals,and sediments(沉淀物).Modern industrial processes have polluted water with certain metals,such as lead(铅)and mercury(汞),while agricultural practices do so with a variety of pesticides.The Mediterranean Seal 地中海被北面的欧洲大陆，南面的非洲大陆和东面的亚洲大陆包围着，东西共长约4000千米，南北最宽处大约为1800千米，面积（包括马尔马拉Marmara海，但不包括黑海）约为2,512,000平方公里(970,000平方英里)，是世界最大的陆间海。地中海是世界上最古老的海，历史比大西洋还要古老。About the article The text is about the polluted sea and arouse our great concerns to our living environment.Every year there is a lot of sewage(污水)poured into the seas.The waste of coastal cities(沿海城市),industry and factories poisons,etc,cause the seas to become dirty and cause many diseases which threaten peoples lives.Meanwhile,the seas are important tour places,and the common areas of the countries along them.They play very important roles to the countries and people in the areas,if not treated properly,they will bring great trouble to human beings.IV.Organization of the Text1.Paragraphs 1-4.Introducing the topic:The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world(thesis statement).(1)Causes and consequences of the pollution in general.(2 4)2.Paragraphs 5 10 First main cause-sewage Improper treatment of sewage by many Mediterranean countries.(5 7)Consequences:contamination of sea water and fish;greater likelihood of disease(8 10)3.Paragraphs 11 13 Second main cause-industries Untreated wastes emitted from factories along the coast and from factories located far inland.4.Paragraphs 14 15 Other causes of pollution:pesticides(杀虫剂),detergents(清洁剂),fertilizers(化肥),oil,etc.5.Paragraphs 16 20 Factors that lead to the severity of the case:narrow and shallow outlet of the Strait of Gibraltar(16);weak coastal currents（近岸流）and feeble tides（微弱的潮汐）(17);long-standing practice of dumping wastes into the seas(18);multiplication of population and increasing number of tourists(19 20)6.Paragraphs 21 22 Conclusion:Efforts being made to solve the problemEvery year 100 million holidaymakers(度假者)are drawn to（被吸引到）the Mediterranean.With onethird of the worlds tourist trade(旅游业),it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations:it is also the most polluted.Paragraph 1holiday destination:holiday resort 度假胜地度假胜地It has only 1 per cent of the worlds sea surface,but carries more than half the oil and tar（石油和焦油）floating on the waters.Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean,and almost every city,town and village on the coast sluices its sewage,untreated(未经处理),into the sea.Paragraph 2waters:the water of the stated rivers,lakes,etc海域.the upper waters of the Thames 泰晤士河上游South-China Sea waters 中国南海海域 international waters 国际海域sluice/slus/vt.冲洗；开闸放水sewage/sud/污水，污物sewage treatment 废水处理；sewage treatment plant 污水处理厂 domestic sewage 生活污水；家庭污水 urban sewage 城市污水 sluices its sewage,untreated,into the sea:let out into the sea the waste materials which have not been treated and not made safe as if through a sluice（水闸）,which is a passage for water.The result is that the Mediterranean,which nurtured so many civilisations(文明),is gravely ill the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved(逐步形成的)around it.Paragraph 3nurture n:t vt.1.给营养物，培植：2.养育，培养，教养 to nurture ones offspring 抚养下一代3.鼓励，促进，助长：to nurture promising musicians 培养有前途的音乐家fall victim to:suffer fromE.g.:fall victim to a disease/an explosion/ones own avariceto fall victim to the abilities and attitudes:tosufferfrommansmisuseofhisabilities(ormansabilitiestodestroy)andhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotectionWhathappensisthattheMediterranean,thecradle(摇篮,发源地)ofmanyancientcultures,isseriouslypolluted.Itisthefirstoftheseasthathasbeenmadetosufferfromasituationresultingfromdevelopmentmixedwithanirresponsiblementality(不负责任的态度和心态).The result is that the Mediterranean,which nurtured so many civilisations(文明),is gravely ill the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved(逐步形成的)around it.And the pollution does not merely stifle(抑制，遏制)the life of the sea it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores.Paragraph 3stifle:to(causeto)beunabletobreathecomfortably,esp.becauseofheatandlackoffreshair（使）窒息；抑制E.g.:be stifled with smoke被烟熏得透不过气来 stifle political freedom扼杀政治自由Shortages of basic materials stifled economic growth.基本原料的匮乏抑制了经济发展。stifle ones laughter(yawn,sobs)忍住笑（呵欠，抽泣）Paragraph 3What relationship does the author establish in Paragraph 3 between the many civilizations the Mediterranean has nurtured and its pollution?SA:The relationship between the two is that of cause and effect(因果关系因果关系).Because of mans misuse of his abilities and his attitude of indifference towards environment protection,the Mediterranean,home to so many civilizations,is now in jeopardy（处于危险状态）（处于危险状态）.Typhoid,paratyphoid,dysentery,polio,viral hepatitis and food poisoning are endemic(地方性的)in the area,and there are periodic(周期性的)outbreaks（爆发）of cholera.Paragraph 4Typhoid taifid 伤寒 typhoid fever 伤寒症 Paratyphoid prtafd 副伤寒Dysentery ds()nt()r 痢疾，腹泻Polio puliu 小儿麻痹症Viral hepatitis病毒性肝炎 hepatitis,heptaitis肝炎Food poisoning食物中毒 cholera klr n.霍乱Paragraph 4endemic:(especially of a disease)found regularly in a particular place 地方性的地方性的E.g.:This is a problem endemic to the Western world.这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。an endemic species 特有物种特有物种 endemic folkways 当地风俗当地风俗outbreak autbreik n.1.(战争、叛乱、感情等的战争、叛乱、感情等的)爆发爆发2.(疾病、虫害等的疾病、虫害等的)突然蔓延，突然发生突然蔓延，突然发生3.暴乱，暴动暴乱，暴动IV.Organization of the Text1.Paragraphs 1-4.Introducing the topic:The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world(thesis statement).(1)Causes and consequences of the pollution in general.(2 4)The mournful(悲哀的)litany of disease is caused by sewage.Eightyfive per cent of the waste from the Mediterraneans 120 coastal cities is pushed out into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish.litany:litni aformofprayerforuseinchurchservices,recitedbyapriestwithresponsesfromthecongregation集合,i.e.,peopleattendingachurchservice应答连祷 Here,litanyisusedinitstransferredmeaning（转义，引申义）,referringtothefrequentoutbreaksofdisease.E.g.:commit a litany of crimes 犯一系列的罪犯一系列的罪the mournful litany of disease:thedeplorable悲惨的/appalling/dreadfulrepetitive重复的occurrencesofdiseaseParagraph 5Paragraph 5What is more,most cities just drop it in straight off the beach;rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.Further,whiletheplacessuchasCannesandTelAvivdisposeoftheirwastesthroughapipestretchingoutonlyhalfamilefromtheshore,mostcitiesdonotevenbothertodothatbutsimplydumptheirsewagedirectlyintotheseaalongthecoastline.Paragraph 6Less than 100,000 of Greeces four million coastal people have their sewage properly treated and Greece,as our map shows,is one of the cleaner countries of the northern shore.Paragraph 6What does the author want to tell his readers in Paragraph 6?SA:He wants to tell his readers in Paragraph 6 that because of mans irresponsibility and indifference towards environmental protection,Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.Paragraph 7The worst parts of the sea are the Israeli/Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa,which flushes out(排出)over 200 tons of sewage each year for every mile of its length.flush out:tocleanordriveoutbyasuddenflowofwater;pourout;floodwithwatertocleanout冲出；泛滥E.g.:flush a toilet(lavatory)抽水冲洗马桶（厕所）I was recommended fruit juices to flush nicotine nktin out of the body.我得到劝告，应多喝果汁以从体内排除尼古丁。Not surprisingly,vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesnt take long for these to reach people.Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease.Other scientists say this is an overestimate;but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.Paragraph 8Paragraph 8are awash with bacteria:havealargeamountofbacteriaAwash in its literalsensemeans“becoveredinwater”.E.g.:After a heavy rain,the streets were awash.rocks awash at high tide 涨潮时被淹没的岩石 The ships deck was awash.船上的甲板被浪潮冲打。Awash with is used figuratively,meaning“having a large amount of something,”as used in this sentence.The singular form of bacteria is bacterium.Paragraph 9An even greater danger lurks(潜伏)in the seductive(诱人的)seafood dishes that add so much interest to holiday menus.Shellfish are prime(主要的)carriers of many of the most vicious diseases(恶性疾病)of the area.lurk:toexistunseen潜伏；潜藏E.g.:A snake was lurking in the grass.一条蛇正潜伏在草丛中。There is an even greater hidden danger in the attractive seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.Paragraph 9What does the word“seductive”in Paragraph 9 imply?SA:Seductive comes from the word“seduce”,which is to persuade someone young and without sexual experience to have sex with one.Therefore seductive implies that the seafood dishes are seemingly attractive but threaten with great danger to health.Paragraph 10They often grow amid pollution.And even if they are frequently infected by the popular practice of freshening them up throwing filthy water over them in markets.infect infekt vt.1.【医学】传染；传播病菌于；感染：2.Shewasinfectedwithtuberculosis.她被传染上了肺结核。2.使受影响，感染：Hiscourageinfectedthefollowers.他的勇气激励了后来人。3.使腐化；腐蚀：Youngmenbecameinfectedbydrugs.年轻人受到毒品的腐蚀4.污染：toinfectthedrinkingwaterwithsewage污水污染了饮用水IV.Organization of the Text2.Paragraphs 5 10 First main cause-sewageImproper treatment of sewage by many Mediterranean countries.(5 7)Consequences:contamination of sea water and fish;greater likelihood of disease(8 10)Paragraph 11Industry adds its own poisons.Factories cluster round(群集在)the coastline,and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant（废物处理系统）.They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.Factoriesaresetuparoundthecoastline,fewofwhich,includingthemostsophisticated,havebeenequippedwithasatisfactorysystemfordealingwiththeireffluents(废气).Paragraph 12Fifteen thousand factories foul the Italian Ligurian riviera.Sixty thousand pollute the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sardinia,Sicily and the west Italian coast!The lagoon(咸水湖)of Venice alone receives the effluents(废弃物)of 76 factories.Ligurian riviera:ligjurin,rivir利古里亚海岸Tyrrhenian Sea:tiri:nin 伊特鲁里亚海Sardinia s:dinj 撒丁岛 Sicily:西西里岛lagoon lu:n n.1.【地质学】咸水；泻湖2.池塘；水池；浅湖(常指靠近或与大湖、河流相通的小湖)亦作lagune3.(环)礁湖参较lagunaParagraph 12foul faul vt.1.使肮脏，弄脏，弄污，污染：Factory chimneys foul the air with smoke.工厂烟囱的烟尘污染了空气。They fouled the water by throwing in garbage.他们向水中倾倒垃圾弄脏了水。2.使丧失名誉，玷污(名誉等)，败坏：The scandal fouled her reputation.流言蜚语玷污了她的名声。effluent eflunt n.(阴沟、下水道、化粪池等的)流出物、废水、污水，废气射出物，流出物；尤指(从河、湖、水库等)流出的水流，侧流，支流，溪流(核电站排出的)放射性废料，核废料 effluent treatment/disposal 废水处理 industrial/plant effluent 工业废液 effluent standard 排放标准；排污标准 adj.发出的；射出的；流出的，涌出的，溢出的，泻出的Paragraph 13More filth comes washing down the rivers from industries far inland(内陆工厂).The Po(波河)and the Rhone(罗纳河)are the dirtiest,followed by the Ebro(埃布罗河)and the Llohregat(罗布里夹河)in Spain,by the Adige(阿迪杰河)and the Tiber(台伯河)in Italy,and by the Nile(尼罗河).filth fil n.1.污秽，污物，废料，垃圾2.下流；猥亵，诲淫；猥亵语，下流话，脏话3.道德败坏，堕落Thousands of tons of filth and sewage pour into the river every day.每天都有成千上万吨的污物和污水排入河里。IV.Organization of the Text3.Paragraphs 11 13 Second main cause-industries Untreated wastes emitted from factories along the coast and from factories located far inland Paragraph 14Thousands of tons of pesticides(杀虫剂)are blown off the fields into(排出)the sea,detergents(清洁剂)from millions of sinks kill fish,and fertilisers(化肥),flushed out to(排出)sea,nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime（粘液）.detergent dit:dnt n.洗涤剂，清洁剂laundry detergent 洗衣粉；洗衣精 synthetic detergent n.化合成洗涤剂 liquid detergent 洗涤液，液体Itchy:t adj.发痒的；渴望的have itchy feet渴望到处走动Ive got itchy feet我的脚痒Seeing others travelling abroad gave her itchy feet.见别人出国旅游，她心里也有点痒了。Paragraph 14pesticide:pestisaid杀虫剂 a more general term is insecticide nsektsadWhat does the word“explosions”in Paragraph 14 mean?SA:It means rapid increase in amount or number.Paragraph 15Then there is the oil 350,000 tons pouring each year from ships,115,000 tons more from industries round the shore.Recent studies show that the Mediterranean is four times as polluted by oil as the north Atlantic(北大西洋),40 times as bad as the northeast Pacific(东北太平洋).Which of pollution apart from sewage and industry?SA:Paragraphs 14 to paragraph(s)is(are)devoted to other sources 15 are devoted to other sources of pollution apart from sewage and industry.IV.Organization of the Text4.Paragraphs 14 15 Other causes of pollution:pesticides,detergents,fertilizers,oil,etc.Paragraph 16Apart from the ninemilewide Strait of Gibraltar(直布罗陀海峡),the Mediterranean is landlocked(被陆地包围的),virtually unable to cleanse itself.virtually:practically,ineffect,forallpracticalpurposes事实上，本质上E.g.:The manager being out of town,Sally is virtually in charge of the work.virtually unable to cleanse itself:practically/ineffectunabletomakeitselffreefromwastematerials Paragraph 16“cleanse:klenz vt.meaningclean”,isamoreelevatedwordthanclean.Itisoftenusedfiguratively(比喻地).净化;使纯净；使清洁E.g.:cleanse one of ones sins(罪孽)or wrongdoings(坏事，不道德的事情)Cleanse spirit-净化灵魂cleanse the world from evilsParagraph 16It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed,through the narrow,shallow straits,far too slow a process to cope with the remorseless(坚持不懈的)rush of pollution.（源源不断的污染）to cope with the remorseless rush of pollution:to deal successfully with the sewage,effluents,etc.,which pour into the sea threateningly and which cannot be stoppedParagraph 16cope with:deal successfully withremorseless:threateningly unstoppableE.g.:He was disturbed by the remorseless noise of the engines all night and could not fall asleep.Remorseless is more often used to mean“merciless,pitiless.（无情的）（无情的）”E.g.:The man killed his opponent with remorseless cruelty.Paragraph 16What has made the Mediterranean more vulnerable to pollution than other seas in the world?SA:The Mediterranean is landlocked and its weak coastal currents keep sewage and industrial waste close to the shore.Those factors have made th