高中英语语法之代词.ppt

高中英语语法之高中英语语法之代词代词的代词的定义定义与与分类分类n n代词是代替名词的词，可以分为：n n人称代词人称代词n n物主代词物主代词n n指示代词指示代词n n反身代词反身代词n n不定代词不定代词n n互相代词互相代词n n疑问代词疑问代词n n关系代词关系代词人称代词人称代词n n 主格与宾格n na.a.-Whobrokethevase?-Whobrokethevase?n n b.b.-Me.-Me.（meme作主语补语作主语补语=Itsme.Itsme.）n n1)宾格代替主格n na a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not not 后，多用宾语。后，多用宾语。n n-ShelikesEnglish.-ShelikesEnglish.n n-MeMetoo.too.n n-Havemorewine?-Havemorewine?n n-Not-Notmeme.n nb.b.在表示比较的在表示比较的非正式非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留谓语保留，则主语，则主语只能用只能用主格主格。n nHeistallerthanI/me.HeistallerthanI/me.n nHeistallerthanIam.HeistallerthanIam.n n2)2)主格代替宾格主格代替宾格n n在在电话用语电话用语中常用主格。中常用主格。n n-IwishtospeaktoMary.-IwishtospeaktoMary.n n-Thisisshe.-Thisisshe.n n在动词在动词bebe或或tobetobe 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。而定。n nIthoughtIthoughtititwaswassheshe.n nIthoughtIthoughtitittobetobeherher.n nI Iwastakentobewastakentobesheshe.n nTheytookTheytookmemetobetobeherher.n n替代替代问题问题n n不定代词不定代词 anybodyanybody，everybodyeverybody，nobodynobody，anyoneanyone，someonesomeone，everyoneeveryone，noonenoone，及及whoeverwhoever和和personperson在正在正式场合使用时，可用式场合使用时，可用he,his,himhe,his,him代替。代替。n nNobodyNobody came,did came,did hehe?n n2 2）动物名词的指代一般用）动物名词的指代一般用itit或或theythey代替，有时也用代替，有时也用he,shehe,she，带有亲切的感情色彩。，带有亲切的感情色彩。n nGive the Give the catcat some food.some food.SheShe is hungry.is hungry.n n3 3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用sheshe。n n排序排序问题问题n nyou I and she/he;we you theyyou I and she/he;we you theyn nItwasItwasIandJohnIandJohnthatmadeherangry.thatmadeherangry.（承认错误承认错误）n nIandyouIandyoutrytofinishit.trytofinishit.（第一人称优于后者第一人称优于后者）物主代词物主代词 n nMayIuseyourpen?Yoursworksbetter.MayIuseyourpen?Yoursworksbetter.n nIlovemymotherlandasmuchasyouloveyours.Ilovemymotherlandasmuchasyouloveyours.n nYourshouldinterpretwhatIsaidinmysenseoftheword,YourshouldinterpretwhatIsaidinmysenseoftheword,notinyours.notinyours.n n双重所有格双重所有格双重所有格双重所有格 n n物主代词不可与物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,whichany,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。n n公式为：公式为：n na,an,this,that a,an,this,that+名词名词+of of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 n nafriendofmine.afriendofmine.n neachbrotherofhis.eachbrotherofhis.反身代词反身代词 n n做宾语n na.a.有些动词需有反身代词：有些动词需有反身代词：absent,bathe,amuse,absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behaveblame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behaven nWeWeenjoyedourselvesenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.verymuchlastnight.n nPleasePleasehelpyourselfhelpyourselftosomefish.tosomefish.n nb.b.用于及物动词用于及物动词+宾语宾语+介词介词n n takepridein,beannoyedwith,helponeselftosth.takepridein,beannoyedwith,helponeselftosth.n nIcouldnotIcouldnotdress(myself)updress(myself)upatthattime.atthattime.n n有些动词后不跟反身代词，有些动词后不跟反身代词，get up,sit-down,get up,sit-down,stand up,wake upstand up,wake up等。等。n nPleasesitdown.Pleasesitdown.n n作表语或同位语 n nI Iamnotamnotmyselfmyselftoday.today.我今天不舒服。我今天不舒服。n nThethingThethingitselfitselfisnotimportant.isnotimportant.n nbut,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。n nNoonebutNoonebutmyselfmyself(meme)ishurt.)ishurt.n n()Myselfdrovethecar.()Myselfdrovethecar.n n()Imyselfdrovethecar.()Imyselfdrovethecar.n n()()Charles and myself saw it.Charles and myself saw it.n n反身代词本身不能单独做主语。反身代词本身不能单独做主语。n nYoushouldbeproudofYoushouldbeproudofyourselfyourself.n n（第二人称做宾语时用反身代词第二人称做宾语时用反身代词）相互代词相互代词 n neachother；oneanother n nItiseasytoseethatthepeopleofdifferentculturesItiseasytoseethatthepeopleofdifferentcultureshavealwayscopiedhavealwayscopiedeachothereachother.n nPeopleshouldlovePeopleshouldloveoneanotheroneanother.n nUsuallythesesmallgroupswereindependentofUsuallythesesmallgroupswereindependentofeachothereachother.n nHeputallthebooksbesideHeputallthebooksbesideoneanotheroneanother.n nThestudentsborrowedThestudentsborrowedeachotherseachothersnotes.notes.n n句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的 指示代词指示代词 n n指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词。n nThisThisgirlisMary.girlisMary.ThoseThosemenaremyteachers.menaremyteachers.n nThisThisisMary.isMary.ThoseThosearemyteachers.aremyteachers.n nThat和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人。n n He admired He admired that which/those who that which/those who looked looked beautiful.beautiful.n n He admired He admired thosethose who danced well.who danced well.（）（）n n He admired He admired thatthat who danced well.who danced well.（）（）疑问代词疑问代词 n n疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。问句。n n指指人人：who,whom,whosewho,whom,whosen n指指物物：whatwhatn n既可指人又可指物既可指人又可指物：whichwhichn nWhoseWhosearethesebooksonthedesk?arethesebooksonthedesk?n nWhosebooksWhosebooksaretheseonthedesk?aretheseonthedesk?n nwhichwhichVS.VS.whatwhatn nWhichWhichgirlsdoyoulikebest?girlsdoyoulikebest?n nWhatWhatgirlsdoyoulikebest?girlsdoyoulikebest?n nMuchofMuchofwhatwhatyousayIagreewith,butIcannotgoyousayIagreewith,butIcannotgoallthewaywithyou.allthewaywithyou.(引导从句引导从句)关系代词关系代词 n nThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.n nThegirlwhomIspoketoismycousin.n nThisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.n nHecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.n nHesaidhesawmethere,whichwasalie.n nIveforgottenmuchoftheLatinIonceknew.n nHeschanged.Hesnotthemanhewas.不定代词不定代词 n nall,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,n nanother,other,some,any,one,non nsomething,anything,everything,nothing,n nsomebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone,noone,nonen n1Bothofthemareteachersn n2Iknownothingaboutthispersonn n3Thisbookistoomuchforachildn n4Thereisalittlewaterintheglassn n1 1allalln nAllAllthestudentsgototheGreatWall.thestudentsgototheGreatWall.n nAllAllgoeswell.goeswell.(主谓一致主谓一致)n nNotallNotallthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.thestudentswenttotheGreatWall.n nNoneNoneofthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.ofthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.(否定否定)n n2 2 bothboth,eithereither,neitherneither和和nornorn nBothBothofthebooksbelongtoJohn.ofthebooksbelongtoJohn.n nEitherEitherofthebooksbelongstoJohn.ofthebooksbelongstoJohn.n nNeitherNeitherofthebooksbelongstoJohn.ofthebooksbelongstoJohn.n nThereareflowersThereareflowersonbothsidesonbothsidesofthestreet.ofthestreet.n nThereareflowersThereareflowersoneithersideoneithersideofthestreet.ofthestreet.n nShecantsingShecantsing，neitherneither(can)he.(can)he.n nHecantsingHecantsing，nornordancedance，nornorskate.skate.n n3 every;eachn n整体与个体整体与个体n n Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.n n我们学校的学生都很用功。我们学校的学生都很用功。n n Eachstudentmayhaveonebook.Eachstudentmayhaveonebook.n n每个学生都可有一本书。每个学生都可有一本书。n neveryevery 指三个以上的人或物指三个以上的人或物(含三个含三个)，eacheach指两指两个以上的人或物个以上的人或物 (含两个含两个)。n n 形容词与代词形容词与代词n n EverystudentEverystudenthastotakeone.hastotakeone.n n EachEach boyboyhastotakeone.hastotakeone.n n EachEachoftheboyshastotakeone.oftheboyshastotakeone.n n否定及意义否定及意义n nEveryEverymanismanisnotnothonest.honest.n n并非每个人都诚实。并非每个人都诚实。n nEachEachmanismanisnotnothonest.honest.n n这儿每个人都不诚实。这儿每个人都不诚实。n neveryeverytwotwoweekseachweekweekseachweek n n4 4 no oneno one;nonenonen nnonenone 后跟后跟ofof短语，既可指人又可指物，而短语，既可指人又可指物，而noonenoone只单独只单独使用，只指人。使用，只指人。n nnonenone作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而noonenoone作主作主语谓语动词只能是单数。语谓语动词只能是单数。n nNoneofyoucouldliftit.Noneofyoucouldliftit.n n-Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?-Noone.-Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?-Noone.n n-HowmanyHowmanypeoplearethereintheroom?-None.peoplearethereintheroom?-None.n n-WhoWhoisintheroom?-Noone.isintheroom?-Noone.n n5one,that和it n noneone表示泛指，表示泛指，thatthat和和it it 表示特指。表示特指。thatthat与所指名与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而词为同类，但不是同一个，而it it 与所指名词为与所指名词为同一个。同一个。n nIcantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyIcantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyoneone.(.(不定不定)n n我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。n nThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatthatIboughtIbought.(.(同类但同类但不同个不同个)n n你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。n nIcantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputIcantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputit it.(.(同一物同一物)n n我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。n nHeisoneofthestudentswhohelpme.Heisoneofthestudentswhohelpme.n nHeistheoneofthestudentswhohelpsme.Heistheoneofthestudentswhohelpsme.n nsome ；n n可与复数名词及不可数名词连用可与复数名词及不可数名词连用n nsomeoranges,someorangesomeoranges,someorange n n2)2)当做当做“某一某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。解时，也可与单数名词连用。n nYouwillbesorryforthissomeday.Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.n nAcertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.Acertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.n n某某些人不同意你的看法些人不同意你的看法。n n条件状语从句中表示肯定条件状语从句中表示肯定n nIfyouneedIfyouneedsomesomehelphelp，letmeknow.letmeknow.n nanyn n多用于否定及疑问句中，替代多用于否定及疑问句中，替代some.some.n nHerearethreenovels.YoumayreadHerearethreenovels.Youmayread anyany.(任何任何)n n这有三本小说，你可这有三本小说，你可任任读一本。读一本。1_seemsnoneedtohurry.1_seemsnoneedtohurry.A.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.HeA.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.He2Everybodyishere,_?2Everybodyishere,_?A.isnteverybodyB.isntitA.isnteverybodyB.isntitC.isntheD.arenttheyC.isntheD.arentthey3Itwas_whowrotethosewordsontheblackboard.3Itwas_whowrotethosewordsontheblackboard.A.heB.himA.heB.himC.himselfD.hisC.himselfD.his4Canyouexpress_inEnglish?4Canyouexpress_inEnglish?A.yourselfB.youA.yourselfB.youC.yoursD.yoursC.yoursD.yours5_isagreatandgloriouscountry.5_isagreatandgloriouscountry.A.OurB.OursA.OurB.OursC.ItsD.OursC.ItsD.Ours6-Whoisthatknockingatthedoor?-_mustbethemilkman.6-Whoisthatknockingatthedoor?-_mustbethemilkman.A.HeB.SheC.ItD.ThemanA.HeB.SheC.ItD.Theman7_agreetoyourplan.7_agreetoyourplan.A.AnyoneofusB.NooneofusA.AnyoneofusB.NooneofusC.NoneofusD.SomeoneofusC.NoneofusD.Someoneofus8Thebooksherearenotsowellwrittenas_ontheshelf.8Thebooksherearenotsowellwrittenas_ontheshelf.A.thatB.thoseA.thatB.thoseC.onesD.themC.onesD.them9_doyouthinkofmycomposition?9_doyouthinkofmycomposition?A.HowB.WhatC.WhichD.WhyA.HowB.WhatC.WhichD.Why10Pleasewriteonthepaper_line.10Pleasewriteonthepaper_line.A.eachotherB.everyotherA.eachotherB.everyotherC.allotherD.thisandthatC.allotherD.thisandthat11_whocomefromthecountryside,pleasefillouttheform.11_whocomefromthecountryside,pleasefillouttheform.A.AllB.AnyoneC.TheseD.ThoseA.AllB.AnyoneC.TheseD.Those12ShewentforaswiminthepoolyesterdayandIlldo_thisafternoon.12ShewentforaswiminthepoolyesterdayandIlldo_thisafternoon.A.itB.suchC.sameD.thesameA.itB.suchC.sameD.thesame13HehasquitealotofinterestingmagazinesbutIhave_.13HehasquitealotofinterestingmagazinesbutIhave_.A.noB.noneC.nooneD.neitherA.noB.noneC.nooneD.neither14._arefondofcollectingstamps.14._arefondofcollectingstamps.A.BoththechildrenB.BothofchildrenC.MybothchildrenD.BothofthemychildrenA.BoththechildrenB.BothofchildrenC.MybothchildrenD.Bothofthemychildren15WhenIwasabouttogoout,thedooropened_.15WhenIwasabouttogoout,thedooropened_.A.ofitselfB.byitselfA.ofitselfB.byitselfC.oneselfD.foritselfC.oneselfD.foritself16Themostinterestingbooksarenotnecessarily_withalotofpictures.16Themostinterestingbooksarenotnecessarily_withalotofpictures.A.theseB.theonesC.themD.thatA.theseB.theonesC.themD.that17Isthisstoryasfunnyas_youreadyesterday?17Isthisstoryasfunnyas_youreadyesterday?A.thatoneB.oneC.theoneD.itA.thatoneB.oneC.theoneD.it18-Whenshallwemeetagain?-Makeit_dayyoulike,itsallthesametome.18-Whenshallwemeetagain?-Makeit_dayyoulike,itsallthesametome.A.oneB.anyC.anotherD.someA.oneB.anyC.anotherD.some19Thefamilyneveragreeabout_sharesoftheproperty.19Thefamilyneveragreeabout_sharesoftheproperty.A.herB.itsC.theirD.hisA.herB.itsC.theirD.his20Sayingsomethingisonethingwhiledoingitis_.20Sayingsomethingisonethingwhiledoingitis_.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.anotherA.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another21Ihadabadcoldand_iswhyIdidntattendthemeeting.21Ihadabadcoldand_iswhyIdidntattendthemeeting.A.itB.thisC.thereD.thatA.itB.thisC.thereD.thatThank you!