教育专题:不定式的用法.ppt
动动 词词 不不 定定 式式 的的 用用 法法高三英语专题突破系列讲座天 宏 学 堂TIANHONGXUETANG动词不定式是三种非谓语形式之一,是高考必考点,动词不定式是三种非谓语形式之一,是高考必考点,也是学生英语学习的重点和难点。也是学生英语学习的重点和难点。考情分析:1.(2013湖南卷)湖南卷)_ warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A.StayingB.StayedC.To stayD.Stay2.(2013课标全国卷课标全国卷I)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked _by the police.A.not to doB.not toC.not doD.do not3.(2013北京卷)北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives,including your own.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.to change考情分析:4.(2013四川卷)四川卷)The airport _next year will help promote tourism in this area.A.being completed B.to be completed C.completed D.having been completed5.(2013重庆卷)重庆卷)The engine just wont start.Something seems _ wrong with it.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone知识结构图:动词不定式动词不定式时态和语态时态和语态句法功能句法功能主主/表语表语 宾宾 语语 定定 语语(3)(3)特殊用法特殊用法补足语补足语(4)(4)省略结构省略结构状状 语语知识呈现:I.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态语态语态一般时一般时完成时完成时进行时进行时主动主动被动被动功能功能意义意义否定否定形式形式to doto have doneto be doingto be doneto have been done动作和谓语动作同时同时发生或在其后其后发生动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前之前动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词表示的动作同时同时发生not+动词不定式知识呈现:II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能1.1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语说好英语不容易To speak English well is not easy.It is not easy to speak English well.注:注:不定式作主语,往往用不定式作主语,往往用itit作形式主语,真作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放在句子的后面正的主语不定式放在句子的后面知识呈现:II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能2.2.动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语To see is to believe.眼见为实。His job is to sell cars.他的工作是销售汽车。注:注:不定式放在不定式放在bebe后面,形成表语,可以表示后面,形成表语,可以表示主语的主语的“职责、职业和性质职责、职业和性质”。As a students,my duty is _(每天努力学习).to study hard everyday知识呈现:(1).She wishes to be a musician.(2).I want to have a word with you.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能3.3.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语她希望成为一名音乐家。我想和你交流一下。知识呈现:II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能3.3.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语1)能跟不定式作宾语的动词口诀)能跟不定式作宾语的动词口诀想要干想要干want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim,would like,desire早打算早打算plan,prepare,mean,arrange同意否同意否agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse,afford问问问问看看ask(ask to do 要求做),beg决定了决定了decide,determine,make up ones mind,be determined尽力干尽力干try,manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive,attempt不在意不在意care别别装蒜装蒜pretend知识呈现:(1)I make it a rule to read English every morning.(2)I like it very much to sit together with you.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能3.3.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语2)2)不定式作动词的宾语,其后跟补足语时,常用不定式作动词的宾语,其后跟补足语时,常用itit作形式宾语,作形式宾语,而把不定式后置。而把不定式后置。每天早上读英语是我的一个原则。我非常喜欢和你坐在一起。知识呈现:(1)Can you tell me what to do next?(2)We have discussed when to leave.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能3.3.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语3)tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss等动词后可跟等动词后可跟“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”作宾语。作宾语。我们已经讨论了什么时候离开。你能告诉我接下来做什么吗?知识呈现:(1)I mean to come earlier today.(2)Missing the train means waiting for another hour.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能3.3.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语4 4)有些动词的后面可用不定式或动名词作宾语,但是意义差)有些动词的后面可用不定式或动名词作宾语,但是意义差别很大。其他类似动词具体见下表。别很大。其他类似动词具体见下表。错过这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。我打算今天早些来。知识呈现:II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能3.3.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记着做了某事(已做)stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止正做的事regret to do sth遗憾做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.试着做某事go on to do sth.接着干(不同的一件事)go on doing sth.接着干(同一件事)like to do sth.做某一次具体的行动like doing sth.做经常性、习惯性的动作cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事知识呈现:(1)The Greens have a comfortable house to live in.(2)Is this the best way to help him?II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能4.4.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语1 1)不定式和所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词)不定式和所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面就要有相应的介词。但是,不定式所修饰的名是不及物动词,后面就要有相应的介词。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是词如果是time,place或或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。时,不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。这是帮助他的最好方式吗?格林一家住着舒适的房子。知识呈现:(1)The building to be built next year will be a new hospital.(2)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能4.4.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语2 2)不定式作定语往往可以表示将来的动作不定式作定语往往可以表示将来的动作我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。明年要建的大楼是一所新医院。知识呈现:(1)(1)他们不允许在这儿抽烟。他们不允许在这儿抽烟。(2)(2)我们不允许学生抽烟。我们不允许学生抽烟。II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能5.5.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语We dont allow students to smoke.1)在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,如后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用不定式作宾语补足语。They do not allow smoking here.知识呈现:(1)(1)我看到一个小女孩跑过了街道。我看到一个小女孩跑过了街道。(2)(2)邻居锁门被听到了。邻居锁门被听到了。II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能5.5.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语My neighbor was heard to lock the door.2)动词不定式作动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等感官动词以及have,let,make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时,必须带to。I saw a little girl run across the street.知识呈现:(1 1)To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.(2)(2)He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能6.6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语他早起是为了赶上第一班车。1)1)不定式作目的状语。此时不定式的逻辑主语通常是全句的主不定式作目的状语。此时不定式的逻辑主语通常是全句的主语,往往译作语,往往译作“为了;想要为了;想要”。要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。in order to或或so as to也可引导目的状语,但后者通常不置于句首。也可引导目的状语,但后者通常不置于句首。知识呈现:(1 1)He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能6.6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语2)2)不定式用于不定式用于so.as to.;such.as to;enough to.;too.to;only to等结构中作结果状语。等结构中作结果状语。他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。注:注:to do和和doing作结果状语的区别:作结果状语的区别:to do往往表示意想不到往往表示意想不到的结果,的结果,doing则表示自然而然的结果。则表示自然而然的结果。(2)The parents died,1eaving the baby an orphan.父母死了,他成了孤儿。父母死了,他成了孤儿。意料之外自然而然知识呈现:(1 1)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能6.6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语3)不定式与形容词连用作原因状语。这些形容词主要有:不定式与形容词连用作原因状语。这些形容词主要有:happy,kind,surprised,frightened,angry,shocked,glad,delighted,disappointed等。等。看到寺院仍处于原始的状态,我们感到非常震惊。看到寺院仍处于原始的状态,我们感到非常震惊。(2)(2)He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.听到那个消息我很高兴。听到那个消息我很高兴。知识呈现:(1)(1)The mountain is difficult to climb.(2)(2)The chair is comfortable to sit in.II.动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能6.6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语这椅子坐上去很舒服。4)4)不定式用在某些形容词后,主动形式表被动含义,这样的形容不定式用在某些形容词后,主动形式表被动含义,这样的形容词有:词有:hard,difficult,easy,simple,fine,nice,pleasant,heavy,fit等。如果不定式中动词为及物动词,后面不必再跟宾等。如果不定式中动词为及物动词,后面不必再跟宾语,如果不定式中动词为不及物动词,要加上相应的介词。语,如果不定式中动词为不及物动词,要加上相应的介词。这山很难爬。不可省略不可省略知识呈现:(1)(1)Its very hard for him to study English.(2)(2)Its very nice of you to help me.III.动词不定式的特殊用法动词不定式的特殊用法1.Its+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.for sb.句型中的形容词一般表句型中的形容词一般表示事物的特征、特点和客观形势,如示事物的特征、特点和客观形势,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等;等;Its+adj.+of sb.句型中的形容词一句型中的形容词一般表示性格、品德、主观感情或态度,如般表示性格、品德、主观感情或态度,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right等等你能帮助我,真是太好了。他学好英语很难。知识呈现:(1)(1)He is too excited to speak.(2)(2)Im only too pleased to be able to help you.III.动词不定式的特殊用法动词不定式的特殊用法2.tooto结构:结构:(1)tooto太太而不能而不能 (2)当当too前面有前面有only,all,but时,意思是时,意思是“非常非常”相当于相当于very。我能帮助你非常高兴。他激动的说不出话来。知识呈现:(1)She could do nothing but wait.(2)(2)I cannot but admire his courage.IV.动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略1.不不定定式式在在介介词词but,except,besides后后面面时时,如如果果介介词词之之前前为为动动词词do的的某某种种形形式式,则则后后接接不不带带to的的不不定定式式,否否则则带带to。此此外外,can not choose but和和can not help but,can not but等等后后面面的的不不定式也省略定式也省略to。我不得不钦佩他的勇气。她除了等之外别无选择。知识呈现:(1)The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.IV.动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略2.动动词词不不定定式式作作动动词词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等等感感官官动动词词以以及及have,let,make等等使使役役动动词词后后面面的的宾宾语语补补足足语语时时,不不定定式式符符号号to要要省省略略。但但如如果果这这些些句句子子变变成成被被动动结结构构时时,必必须须带带to。那些孩子被迫每天工作超过16小时。知识呈现:(1)Could you go shopping with me?Im glad to(go shopping with you).IV.动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略3.系系动动词词(be)+形形容容词词,即即be afraid/ready/glad/happy/willing等等后后面面接接不不定定式式时时有有时时为为了了避避免免重重复复,常常省省略略与与上上文文表表达相同意思的不定式符号达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容,只保留不定式符号。之后的内容,只保留不定式符号。-你乐意和我一起去购物吗?-我乐意(和你一起去购物)知识呈现:5.tell,warn,order,advise,ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时:等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时:IV.动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略4.mean,try,want,would like,would love,afford等后面接等后面接不定式时:不定式时:Did you get a ticket?No,I meant to(get one),but there werent any left.The students want to enter the lab,but the monitor advises them not to(enter the lab).动词不定式是三种非谓语形式之一,是高考必考点,动词不定式是三种非谓语形式之一,是高考必考点,也是学生英语学习的重点和难点。也是学生英语学习的重点和难点。考情分析:1.(2013湖南卷)湖南卷)_ warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A.StayingB.StayedC.To stayD.Stay2.(2013课标全国卷课标全国卷I)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked _by the police.A.not to doB.not toC.not doD.do not3.(2013北京卷)北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives,including your own.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.to change考情分析:4.(2013四川卷)四川卷)The airport _next year will help promote tourism in this area.A.being completed B.to be completed C.completed D.having been completed5.(2013重庆卷)重庆卷)The engine just wont start.Something seems _ wrong with it.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone知识总结:动词不定式知识结构图动词不定式知识结构图动词不定式时态语态一般式:to do完成式:to have done进行式:to be doingto be doneto have been done句法功能可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语特殊用法It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.tooto省略but,except,besides有do无to;can not choose but和can not help but,can not but后都直接加动词原形感官动词、使役动词后到的宾补中省略to,变被动时加上tobe afraid/ready/glad/happy/willing只保留to,省略相同内容mean,try,want,would like,would love,afford等后面接不定式时tell,warn,order,advise,ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时