2019版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版选修8.doc

1UnitUnit 1 1 A A landland ofof diversitydiversity李仕才 一、阅读理解。 “Her grades are fine；I'm not worried about that，but she just doesn't seem to love learning any more， ” Alice's mum said.She's absolutely right.I'd noticed the same thing about her daughter over the previous two or three years when I'd been Alice's middle school English，Latin，and writing teacher，and I have an answer，right there on the tip of my tongue，to what has gone wrong.Yet I'm torn between my responsibility to help Alice and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth I'm not sure this mother is ready to hear.The truth for this parent and so many others is this：Her child has sacrificed her natural curiosity and love of learning at the altar(圣坛)of achievement，and it's our fault.Alice's parents，her teachers，society at largewe are all supposed to be blamed in this crime against learning.From her first day of school，we pointed her toward that altar and trained her to measure her progress by means of points，scores，and awards.We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.We taught her to come home proudly bearing grade As，championship prizes，and college acceptance，and not on purpose，we taught her that we don't really care how she obtains them.We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs and that it's better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record.Above all else，we taught her to fear failure.That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning.1Both the mother and the author have noticed that _.AAlice hates to tell them the truthBAlice's test scores are not so goodCAlice chooses several subjects to learnDAlice doesn't enjoy studying any more2What does the underlined word“torn”mean in the passage?Apained to choose Bguilty to quitCtired to manage Dcertain to decide3What does the teacher think of the girl?2AHer academic perfection results from her character.BShe is a gifted girl with spirits of challenging.CShe is perfect in her character development.DHer academic performance is great.4What leads to the girl's change?AA few failure experiences.BFear of failing to get good grades.CHer mother's over­protection.DHer not being accepted by colleges.【解题导语】本文通过 Alice 的例子说明了父母、老师和社会有时会扼杀孩子的好奇心和对学习的热爱。【难句分析】We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.分析：这是一个复合句，含有两个 that 引导的宾语从句。We 是主语，taught 是谓语，两个 that 在从句中均不充当成分。译文：我们教给 Alice 的是她的潜力和她的智力是联系在一起的，并且她的智力比她的性格更重要。1D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“but she just doesn't seem to love learning any more”和第二段中的“I'd noticed the same thing about her daughter”可知，Alice 的妈妈和作者都注意到 Alice 不再喜欢学习。A 项和 C 项文中没有提到；根据第一段中的“Her grades are fine”可知，B 项错误。2A 考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“between my responsibility.and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth”可知，作者在两者之间很难选择。3D 考查细节理解。 根据第三段中的“We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs”可知，Alice 的学业表现很好。根据第三段的“We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character”可知 A 项错误；根据第三段倒数第三句中的“that it's better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record”可知 B 项错误；根据第三段的倒数第二句“Above all else，we taught her to fear failure”可知 C 项错误。4B 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We taught her to protect.That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning”可知，害怕失败毁掉了 Alice 对学习的热爱。二、单句语法填空31They are likely _ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.答案：to be fired Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事” 。主语 they 与fire 之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。2The majority of the interviewees _ (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.答案：prefer the majority of . 作主语时，谓语动词的数与 of 后的名词保持一致。由 interviewees 可知谓语动词应用复数形式。3It suddenly occurred _ him that he should adopt the homeless child.答案：to It (suddenly) occurred/occurs to sb. that . “某人突然想起某事” 。4Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive _ (punish)答案：punishment 句中动词 receive 后缺宾语，故应填名词 punishment 作宾语。5We should not have _ (race) discrimination.答案：racial 句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词 discrimination, 故填 racial “种族的” 。6She became the first black woman _ (elect) to the Senate.答案：to be elected 当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且 elect 与 black woman 之间为被动关系，故填 to be elected。7He couldn't express himself correctly _ means of words.答案：by by means of . “借助于；用；通过方法” 。8She _ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake.答案：slipped 句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态 were 可知，应用一般过去时。9_ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license.答案：To hire 句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。10By the time she knew the news, John _ (fly) to America.答案：had flown 由 By the time 引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，故应填 had flown。三、完形填空。4Brian Tagalog was born without arms. But that didn't _1_ him from leading a normal life. The _2_ young man believes he is the only certified tattoo(文身) artist without arms in the world.A _3_ of Honolulu, Tagalog moved with his family to Tucson. He had always shown an interest in drawing, and set his mind on becoming a _4_ tattoo artist. Not many people gave him a chance, but he _5_ improved his foot drawing skills and operated the tattoo gun with his _6_.Brian's mother admits that _7_ him was not easy, but she always made it a(n) _8_ to let him explore his options. “The day I gave birth to him, well, I was shocked, but we never hid him. I didn't _9_ him in any way.” And perhaps that's what gave him the _10_ to achieve his dreams, _11_ the very obvious absence of two limbs. “I was born without arms， ” he said. “But that has not _12_ me down to pursue my dream.”At first, finding a shop that would _13_ him proved a very difficult thing. He _14_ many tattoo shops and got no calls back. He didn't give up; _15_， Brian finally runs his own shop. Brian uses a (n) _16_ technique to tattoohe draws the design on clients' skin with one foot, _17_ using the other to stretch the skin. And eventually his tattoos always turn out to get his clients' _18_.Brian hopes his success will _19_ others to follow their dreams bravely. Words and photos just don't do Brian Tagalog justice. You need to see him _20_ to witness how he works only with his feet.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了生来没有胳膊的 Brian Tagalog 通过自己的不懈努力最终成为一名成功的文身艺术家的故事。1A.promote Bpreserve Cprotect Dprevent答案与解析：D'但是那没有阻止他过正常的生活。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事” 。2A.wise Bambitious Cpromising Dhandsome答案与解析：B'这个有抱负的年轻人相信他是这个世界上唯一一个有资格证的无臂文身艺术家。wise“睿智的” ；ambitious“有雄心的，有抱负的” ；promising“有前途的” ；handsome“英俊的” 。3A.visitor Bforeigner 5Cstranger Dnative答案与解析：D'根据后文的“moved with his family to Tucson”可知，此处指Tagalog 是一个火奴鲁鲁的当地人。foreigner“外国人” ；stranger“陌生人” ；native“当地人，本地人” 。4A.professional BnormalCtemporary Dconservative答案与解析：A'他总是表现出在绘画方面的兴趣，并且下决心成为一名专业的文身艺术家。professional“专业的，职业的” ；normal“正常的” ；temporary“暂时的” ；conservative“保守的” 。5A.steadily BoccasionallyCeffectively Dfrequently答案与解析：A 并不是很多人给他机会，但是他不断地磨炼自己的脚部绘画技巧并且用自己的脚趾操作文身枪。steadily“持续地，不断地” ；occasionally“偶尔，偶然” ；effectively“高效地” ；frequently“经常地，频繁地” 。6A.fingers Btoes Cmouth Djaw答案与解析：B'参见上题解析。7A.comforting BeducatingCraising Daccompanying答案与解析：C'Brian 的母亲承认抚养他长大不是一件容易的事儿。comfort “安慰” ；educate“教育” ；raise“养育，抚养” ；accompany“陪伴” 。8A.failure Bpoint Cadventure Ddestination答案与解析：B'但她总是特别注意让他探究自己的选择。make it a point to“对特别注意，努力做到” ，是固定短语，符合语境。failure“失败” ；adventure“冒险” ；destination“目的地” 。9A.defend Bblame Cabandon Dshelter答案与解析：D'根据上文的“but we never hid him”可知，此处应是指 Brian 的母亲不以任何形式庇护他。defend“保护” ；blame“责备” ；abandon“遗弃” ；shelter“庇护，遮蔽” 。10A.confidence BdeterminationCfreedom Denthusiasm答案与解析：A'根据上下文语境，此处应是表示尽管他没有胳膊，但是 Brian 的家人6所采取的更为积极的让 Brian 成长的方式或许正是给予他实现梦想的自信心的东西。confidence“自信心” ；determination“决心” ；freedom“自由” ；enthusiasm“热情” 。11A.apart from BinCregardless of Ddespite答案与解析：D'参见上题解析。apart from“除了” ；regardless of“不管，不顾” ；despite“尽管” 。12A.turned Bcalmed Cslowed Dtracked答案与解析：C'他说：“我生来没有胳膊，但是那并没有让我放慢追求自己梦想的速度。 ”turn sb. down“拒绝某人” ；calm sb.down“使某人镇静下来” ；slow sb. down“使某人慢下来” ；track sb. down“追查到，追踪到” 。13A.hire Bsupport Cserve Dfund答案与解析：A'根据下文中的“.got no calls back” “He didn't give up；'15'，Brian finally runs his own shop.”可知，此处应是指起初，找到一个愿意雇用他的店铺被证实是一件非常困难的事情。hire“雇用” ；support“支持” ；serve“为服务” ；fund“资助” 。14A.adapted to Bappealed toCattached to Dapplied to答案与解析：D'根据上下文的内容可知，此处表示他应聘了好多家店。但是没有得到回信。apply to“向申请”符合语境。adapt to“适应” ；appeal to“对有吸引力” ；attach to“与有联系，与有关联” 。15A.otherwise Binstead Cstill Dhowever答案与解析：B'他没有放弃，反而(instead)最后开了自己的店。other wise“否则” ；instead“反而” ；still “仍然” ；however“然而” 。16A.unique Bfunny Cpowerful Dattractive答案与解析：A'根据下文的内容可知，此处指 Brian 使用了一种独特的文身技巧。unique“独特的” ；funny“有趣的” ；powerful“强有力的” ；attractive“吸引人的” 。17A.before Bif Cwhile Dunless答案与解析：C'当他用另一只脚将皮肤抻平时，他用一只脚在顾客的皮肤上绘制图案。while“当时”符合语境。before“在之前” ；if“如果” ；unless“除非” 。718A.instruction Badmiration Cdoubt Dcomplaint答案与解析：B'而且最后他的文身总是会得到顾客的赞赏。instruction“指导” ；admiration“赞赏” ；doubt“怀疑” ；complaint“投诉” 。19A.inspire Burge Crequest Dadvise答案与解析：A'Brian 希望他的成功能激励他人勇敢地追求梦想。inspire sb. to do sth.“激励某人去做某事” 。urge“敦促” ；request“要求” ；advise“建议” 。20A.in response Bin advance Cin action Din turn答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，此处表示你需要见证在工作状态中的 Brian。in action“在活动中，在运转” ，在此引申为“处于工作状态中” 。in response“作为回应” ；in advance“提前” ；in turn“反过来” 。四、单句改错1This is believed that hard work can lead to success._答案：ThisIt It is believed that . “人们相信” ，其中 it 为形式主语。2An idea occurred me when I was walking in the park._答案：occurred 后加 to sth. occurs/occurred to sb. “某人突然想起某事” 。3A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet._答案：去掉第一个 of a great/good many 直接修饰可数名词复数，只有当名词前有限定词 the/these/those/one's 等时，才用 a great/good many of 短语。4We regret to inform you that our company has hired on another girl for the job of secretary._答案：去掉 on hire “雇用；租用” ，为及物动词，后面不需加介词。5They will carry out the plan in this means._答案：inby by this means “用这种方法” 。8五、七选五In our fast world of phones，fax machines and computers，the old­fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. 1 There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother，also，always insisted I write my own thank­you letters for Christmas and birthday presents. 2 When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London，I would write once a week，and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long，amusing letters. 3 Of course，we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most.There were also letters from my boyfriends.In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter. 4 I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards.Notes are appreciated，but how much better to have a year's supply of news！And it's better still when it's an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps.5 Like my mother before me，I insist they write their own thank­you letters.My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another“lost art” APoor handwriting can spoil(破坏)your enjoyment of a letter.BWe had been corresponding(通信)for 29 years but had never met.CI am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition.DIt didn't matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters.EBut instead of harming the relationships，letter writing seemed to improve them.9FYet，to me，receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of communication.GThe letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了作者对书信这种沟通方式的青睐和对书信艺术逐渐消失的担忧。1F 根据下句“There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.”可推知，收到信对作者来讲是一件无比愉悦的事情，所以选 F 项。2D 根据本段第一句“Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.”可知，书信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，对她来说，只要是信就好，无论多短或多不整洁，所以选 D 项。3G 根据上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，这些信都是关于父母的一些生活琐事以及他们的朋友的状况的，所以选 G 项。4E 根据下句“I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.”可推知，此处应描述书信沟通的优势，与上文的“In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter.”呼应，所以选 E 项。5C 根据下文的“My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一样继承了写信的传统，所以选 C 项。