初中英语名词复习ppt课件.ppt
刘刘 阅阅？普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词（人名、地名）（人名、地名）可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词名词名词名词的分类名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词专有名词专有名词：是指特定的人、事、物或地点的名称。1、专有名称的首字母首字母必须大写。人名：Diana,Mr.Green,PresidentObama,PrincessFiona地名：Beijing,Broadway,theYellowRiver某类人的名称：Americans,Russians,Chinese,Jews某些抽象事物的名称：English,Buddhism,NATO月份、周日及节日名称：May,Sunday,Easter,Christmas书名、电影名及诗歌名称：GonewiththeWind对家人的称呼：Mum,Dad,Auntie,UncleTom2、专有名词前通常不加“the”。3、但是由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加“the”。theUnitedKingdom(theUK),theGreatWall何谓“专有名词(Proper Nouns)个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词(AbstractNouns)普通名词（Common Nouns）及其分类1、个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或事物。Hehastwoaunts.PandasarefoundinSichuan.2、个体名词可指具体的人或物，也可指抽象东西。Mostclassroomshavecomputers.(具体)Ihadadreamlastnight.(抽象)3、个体名词有复数形式，单数形式可以和a(an)连用。Therearesixtyminutesinan hour.个体名词(Individual Nouns)1、集体名词也叫集合名词，表示由个体组成的集体。常见的集体名词有：army,class,crowd,team,committee(委员会),police,cattle(牛),audience(观众),family,crew(船员),group(团体),herb(牛群),press(新闻界),public(公众),staff(全体员工),youth(年轻人)2、集体名词搭配单数还是复数动词？1）将集体名词视为整体时，接单数名词。TheZhangsfamily isgoingtomovetoNewYork.2）当强调团体里的单个成员时，接复数名词。TheZhangsfamily arehavingdinnernow.3、集体名词的固定用法。police,people,cattle后面一律用复数名词。集体名词(Collective Nouns)1、物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，常见的有：液体类：beer,coffee,coke,juice,milk,oil,soup,tea,water,wine,yoghurt物质类：cloth(布),coal(煤),cotton(棉),fabric(纤维),ink(墨水),paint(涂料),paper(纸),plastic(塑料),metal(金属),wood(木头),wool(羊毛),steel(钢),iron(铁)其他类：cake,ice,cheese,bread,rice,meat,salt(盐),salad,sugar2、一般说来，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有特殊情况：Givemethree coffees.(三杯咖啡)ThisisadeliciousCalifornianwine.(一种酒)Theboyswaslostinthewoods.(森林)物质名词(Material Nouns)名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a，an，one来修饰来修饰注注：a用于用于辅音辅音音素音素开头的单词前开头的单词前,an用用于于元音音素元音音素开头的单词前开头的单词前 *a book *an English book *an hour flowerflowers找规律找规律,总结规则总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesboxes名词的单复数1名词复数变化的规则形式名词复数变化的规则形式一、一般情况下Books,schools,eyes二、以s/x/ch/sh结尾Buses,boxes,watches,dishes三、以辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾Lady-ladies,baby-babies,*boy-boys(?)四、以f/fe结尾Leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives五、以o结尾Tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,Negroes名词加名词加s后的读音变化后的读音变化在元音和浊辅音后发/z/Boys,rooms,plays在清辅音后发/s/Books,cups,looks在/s/,/z/,/S/,/tS/,/dZ/后发/Iz/Glasses,roses,fishes,watches,ages名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.规则变化规则变化 (1)(1)一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/s/or/z/*dog dogs *book books (2)(2)以以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加“eses”/iz/iz/*box boxes *watch watches(3)(3)以以辅音字母辅音字母加加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y为为i加加“es”/iz/iz/*country countries *factory factories 请区别：如果是元音字母加请区别：如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词结尾的名词则只须加则只须加“s s”*boy boys holidayholiday-holidayholidays s *monkey monkeys (4)(4)以以f、fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变f、fe 为为v再加再加“es”/vz/vz/*half halves *shelf shelves *knife knives *leaf leaves 找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄英雄想想吃吃马铃马铃薯薯和和西红柿西红柿pianos(5)(5)以以o o结尾的名词结尾的名词,一般情况加一般情况加s,s,读读作作/z/./z/.potato，tomato，hero除外除外 *piano pianos *zoo zoos potato potatoes tomato tomatoeschild-childrenwoman-womensheepman-men2.2.不规则变化不规则变化 (1)(1)单复数同形单复数同形Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep (2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oo为为ee tooth teeth foot feet (3).(3).变变man为为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：请区别：German(德国人德国人)Germans (“中日中日”不变不变“英法英法”变，其余变，其余s加加后面后面)(4).(4).常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoes trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数复数 *My clothes are newer than yours.3.3.可数名词可以被可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及以及 how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of,a lot of，some等修饰等修饰*There are a few people in the park.*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyaretalkingabout_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如如:water:water，ricerice，fishfish，meat meat 等。等。work chalk time space music money weather homework wood information news medicine 1.1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数单数 *Some bread is over there.*No news is good news.2.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，等修饰，常用常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,lotsof,some,any等修饰等修饰 *They had much money.*He does little housework at home.*a rice(X)two bread(X)3.3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位单位+of+of+名词名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples*a piece of paper*three glasses of orange 4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)work(工作工作)a work(著作著作)time(时间时间)times(次数次数)1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Idliketwo_.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith_moneyand_people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA名词所有格名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“的的”一一.名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s s”Kangkangs father Lucys book 2.2.以以s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词,则在则在s s后加后加“”即可即可 Teachers office The Greens house3.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词的所有格结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按仍按惯例加惯例加“s s”*Children s Day *men s shoes 4.4.无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用ofof加名词，加名词，构成所属关系的短语构成所属关系的短语 *the color of the wall *a picture of the classroom1.June1stis_Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.ChildrensC.ChildrensD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe_.A.twinsB.twinsC.twinsD.twinsCC重难点突破重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因1.Ourhospitalneedstwo_doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD名词的用法名词的用法 1.1.修饰另一名词时修饰另一名词时,一般用单数一般用单数 *There are three banana trees over there.2.man woman用做定语时用做定语时,应与后面的名词保应与后面的名词保持数的一致持数的一致 *We need a man teacher.*They are all women workers.3.sports,clothes做定语时做定语时,仍用复数形式仍用复数形式 *a sports star *a clothes shop2.Thispairofshorts_tooexpensive.Icantafford_.A.are,themB.are,itC.is,themD.is,it重难点突破重难点突破C当出现当出现“单位单位+of+of+名词名词”时，谓语动词应时，谓语动词应根据根据“单位单位”的单复数决定。的单复数决定。This pair of shoes is nice.比较：比较：The shoes are nice.Here are two pieces of news.比较：比较：The news is wonderful.3.Themodelplanewasmadebya_boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重难点突破重难点突破C5.WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothe_.A.teacherB.teachersC.teachersD.teachers重难点突破重难点突破D名词所有格的几个注意点名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习地点名词习惯上省略惯上省略 *my aunts(home）(我姑姑家）我姑姑家）*go to the teachers (office）(去老师办公室）去老师办公室）6.Lucyis_sister.A.MaryandJackB.MarysandJacksC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJacks重难点突破重难点突破D8.Its_fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminuteswalkB.tenminuteswalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk重难点突破重难点突破A名词所有格（名词所有格（s）也可以用于无生命的东西，）也可以用于无生命的东西，主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后twomonthsvacationamilesdistance此表达可以和合成形容词互换此表达可以和合成形容词互换twomonthsvacation=two-monthvacation名词在句中的作用名词在句中的作用例句例句作主语Knowledgeispower.作宾语Haveyoufinishedhomework?作表语Smokingismyonlyweakness.作定语WeboughtanewcolorTV.作同位语Yougirlssitonthisside.作呼语Moring,Helen.名词在句中的作用1.Couldyoupleasemakesome_fortheoldlady.A.roomB.rooms2.Isthereany_inthefridge?A.orangeB.oranges3.Someimportantnews_intodaysnewspaper.A.isB.are4.Thepolice_lookingforalostboy.A.isB.are5.Therearethree_of_onthewall.A.photos,potatoesB.photoes,potatosC.potatoes,photos6.Thereare20_inourschool.A.manteacherB.menteachersC.menteacherD.manteachers链接中考1.Couldyoupleasegetmesome_?Imhungry.（2011年重庆中考第24题）A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy_.Icantseeanythingaroundme.（2010年重庆中考第22题）A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany_init.（2009年重庆中考第23题）A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.water直击中考直击中考CCA4.-Howfarisyourcousinshomefromhere?-Itsabouttwo_drive.（2009年重庆中考第34题）A.hoursB.hoursC.hoursD.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite_（2008年重庆中考第25题）A.workerB.teacherC.dancerD.player直击中考直击中考CD6.Allthe_teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.（2007年重庆中考第24题）AmanB.menC.womanD.women直击中考直击中考DSum upWhat have you learnt this lesson?Thank you!
