动名词课件(精品).ppt
一、动名词的形式一、动名词的形式主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done二、功能及用法二、功能及用法1 1动名词(短语)做主语动名词(短语)做主语动名词(短语)做主语动名词(短语)做主语 Seeingisbelieving.Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Its no good talking a lot without doinganything.Theresnotellingwhathesgoingtodo.Thereisnopointdiscussingthiswithhim.动名词作主语不定式作主语:Playingwithfireisdangerous.Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.下列几种情况中不能互换:a.当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如:Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.抽象具体b.动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:Itsnouse/gooddoingItsawasteoftimedoing 而在Itsimportant/necessary这类句型中,只能用不定式,如:Itsimportanttolearnforeignlanguages.Itsquitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.2动名词(短语)作表语,如动名词(短语)作表语,如:Myfavoritesportisswimming.注:动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别:动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较:Thefirstthingistoimproveourpronunciation.3动名词(短语)用作宾语的情况很多Weallavoidedmentioningthatmatter.1)能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:只能用动名词作宾语的动词:avoid(避免),admit(承认),appreciate(欣赏、感激),advise,cantresist(无法抵挡),confess(坦白),consider(考虑),delayput off/postpone,deny(否认),dislike,enjoy,escape(逃脱),fancy(想象、喜欢),feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,involve(需要)excusedoingsth/sbfordoingsth原谅excusesbfromdoingsth免除某人做某事prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth=keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepsbdoingsth让某人一直做某事keep(on)一直/继续,mention(提到、谈及),mind,miss(错过)practise,putoff/postpone(推迟),risk(冒险),quit,suggest等allow/forbid(禁止)/permit(允许)/advise(建议)/recommend(推荐)doingsthallow/forbid/permit/advise/recommendsbtodosth既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词:begin/startcannotbear(无法忍受)continue/goonforgetrememberhate/like/lovedoingsth继续做同一件事情todosth 不停息继续做另一件事情todosth忘记去做某事doingsth忘记做过某事todosth 记得要去做某事doingsth 记得做过某事todosth 某特定的情况下讨厌、喜欢做doingsth 习惯性的动作,兴趣爱好stoppreferregretcanthelptodosth停下来去做另一件事doingsth停止正在做的事情doingAtodoingB比起B更喜欢AtodoAratherthandoB比起B更喜欢Atodosth对要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉(to say/tell/inform通知)doingsth后悔做过某事(to)dosth 不能帮助去做某事doingsth忍不住、情不自禁做某事want/need/requiredoingsth需要被做=tobedonedeserve(应得)doingsth=tobedonepunishing=tobepunishedtodosth 努力去做某事 doingsth 尝试去做某事trymeantodosth 意欲、想要去做某事 doingsth 意味着做某事be(well)worthdoingsth(很)值得被做=beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdone2)动名词(短语)还常常跟在短语动词之后,作介词的宾语。常见的有:insiston/persistin/stickto坚持dreamof梦想objectto反对beengagedin忙于lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意devoteoneself/oneslife/timeto致力setaboutdoingsth=setouttodo着手befondof喜欢havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingspendtime/moneyinsucceedin=managetoget/be/becomeusedto习惯get/sitdownto开始be/get/becometiredof厌烦beinterestedinburstoutlaughing=burstintolaughterburstoutcrying=burstintotearscannotstand(无法忍受)4 4动名词作定语动名词作定语动名词作定语动名词作定语 aswimmingpooladiningcaranopeningspeechalivingroomawaitingroomateachingmethodawashingmachineareadingroom 注:注:动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系;现在分词作定语,表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为,它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系:afallingleaf三、动名词的复合结构三、动名词的复合结构 复合结构:动名词前面带有代词或所有格,为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者,可以在动名词之前加上一个代词或所有格,来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。如:IdontmindTom/Toms/hiswinningthematch.注:作主语Toms/Hiswinningthematch wasagreatencouragementtous.Lisgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.四、动名词的完成式、被动式、否定式动名词的完成式:表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,常用动名词的完成形式,如:Hedidntmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.注:在某些动词或词组之后,动名词的一般形式也可表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作,如:Idontremembereverseeinghimanywhere.动名词的被动式:Hedidntmind_(leave)athome.They couldnt stand_(treat)likethat.动名词的完成被动式:Idontremember_(give)achancetotrythismethod.动名词的否定式:直接把not加在动名词之前 Imsorryformynotcomingtomorrow.beingleftbeingtreatedhavingbeengiven