五大基本句型讲解及习题.pdf
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O1O1 十十 O2O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：run,study,arrive,come,happen,等。如：1).Time flies.(S+Vi)2).Students study hard.(S+Vi+adv)3).He went on holiday.(S+Vi+Prep phrase)4)We stoped to have a rest.(S+Vi+to do sth)练习：练习：1.冬天快要来了。2.他高兴地离开了。3.他们会在三点钟到4.我们明天一起去钓鱼。5.昨天他们去逛街。6.他起得早是为了读英语。除了 be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：表感官的动词：feel,smell,taste,sound,look,等表变化的动词：become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run,come等表延续的动词：remain,keep,stay,stand,continue,lie等表表象的动词：seem,appear,look 等表终止的动词：prove,turn out 等1)He is a good boy.(S+Lv+N/Pron)2)She is beautiful.(S+Lv+adj)-1-3)Class is over.(S+Lv+adv)4)The film is interesting.(S+LV+Participle)练习：练习：1.桌子上的那本书是我的。2.阅读很有用。3.那个女孩还在办公室。4.那场篮球赛令人兴奋。5.昨晚你在家吗？这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：1)I like music./I like her.(S+Vt+N/Pron)2)I want to help him.(S+Vt+Infinitive)3)I dont know what to do.(S+Vt+疑问词+Infinitive)4)He practices speaking English everyday.(S+Vt+Gerund)练习：练习：1.我们已收到了他们的来信。2.他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。3.我想知道什么时候出发。4.他每天都练习说英语。O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：1)I sent him a book./I bought him a book.(S+Vt+N/Porn(间宾)+N(直宾)2)I sent a book to him./He bought a coat for me.(S+Vt+N(直宾)+to/for+N/Porn(间宾)间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有：allow,bring,deny,do(带来)，give，grant，hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write 等。3)Can you spare/save some minutes/time for the children?间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有：buy，cash，choose，fetch，get，leave，make，order，paint，play（演奏），save，sing，spare 等。1.我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台 PC。2.陈老师叫我们语文。3.他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。4.我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。5.我会为你给房间上油漆。-2-这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”,作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1)He paints the wall white.(S+Vt+N/Pron+adj)2)We named our baby Tom.(S+Vt+N/Pron+N)3)She always keeps everything in good order.(S+Vt+N/Pron+Prep phrase)4)The teacher asked him to leave./I made hime to leave.(S+Vt+N/Pron+Infinitive)5)I feel something moving.(S+Vt+N/Pron+Participle)6)He showed me how to do it.(S+Vt+N/Pron+Wh-word+Infinitive)注意注意：动词 have,make,let,后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带 to；动词 see,hear,notice,observe,watch 等后可以加不带 to 的不定式或动名词做宾补，如：The boss made him do the work all day.练习：练习：1.我们选她做班长。2.我们认为这项工作很容易。3.请不要客气（就像在家一样）。4.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。5.刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。一、判断下列句子的类型一、判断下列句子的类型a，b，c，d，e，1.She is a very good girl.(_)2.The girl is very good.(_)3.They laughed.(_)4.The kites fly in the sky.(_)5.I bought a new bike.(_)6.He plays volleyball.(_)7.She told me a story.(_)8.He gave me a good book.(_)9.He asked me to help him.(_)10.He made me happy.(_)11.Pleas tell us a story.(_)12.She smiled.(_)13.I have a lot work to do.(_)14.His job is to train swimmers.(_)-3-15.He noticed a man enter the room.(_)16.Please look at the picture.(_)二、中考题回顾二、中考题回顾1.(2010 山东省潍坊市 20.1)The cookies_good.Could I have some more?A.taste B.smell C.feel D.sound2.(2010.浙江 18.1)-Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?-Oh,that _ _ good.A.feels B.looks .C.tastes D.Sounds3.（2012 天津）The cloth very soft and comfortable.A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels4.(2010.江苏省无锡市.9.1)Though his grandmother lives _,she never feels_.A.alone;alone B.lonely;lonely C.alone;lonely .D.lonely;alone5.(2010 江苏省宿迁市 9.1)This piece of music _ beautiful.A.looks B.sounds C.tastes .D.smells6.(2012湖北省黄冈市，33)-Which T-shirt do you prefer?-The red one.It_more comfortable.A.tastes B.smells C.feels D.sounds7.(2010广西省梧州市，39)Song Zuyings voice is very sweet and her songs_very beautiful.A.taste B.sound C.smell D.feel-4-
