初二英语知识点总结.pdf

-.初二英语知识点总结Unit 1Unit 1 重点语法：一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will)do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will)be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否认句例句：People(will not/wont)have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years重点短语：wont=will not theyll=they will shell=she willhell=he will Ill=I wille true 实现 fall in love with(sb./sth.)爱上某人/某物in the future 未来be able to do sth.能够做某事 hundreds of 数以百计的thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.)寻找某人/某物will would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式may might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture,and predict what you will read about.(看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information.(这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I doUnit 2 What should I do重点语法：过去将来时态将来时态的委婉说法 do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would)do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would)be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否认句例句：You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him特殊疑问句例句：What should I do-优选-.重点短语：keep sb.out 不让某人进入 Whats wrong=Whats the matter=Whats the problem 怎么了？out of style 不时髦的；过时的 call sb.up 给某人打 pay for sth.为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作 the same as=be same(to/with)与同样 in style 时髦的；流行的 get on well with sb.=get along well with sb.与某人相处好 didnt=did notcouldnt=could not as.as possible 尽可能(eg/as soon as possible 尽快)all kinds of 各种；许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面ask sb.for sth.=ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事ask sb.not to do sth.请求某人不要做某事spend(money)on sth.=spend(money)in doing sth.花钱做某事 sth.cost sb.(money)某人花钱为了某事take sb.sometime to do sth.花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事 be angry with sb.生某人的气 be angry at sth.生某事的气 the same age as=as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb.与某人打架 learn to do sth.学会做某事 not.until.直到才 pare sth.(A)with sth.(B)把某事(A)与某事(B)作比拟 its time for sth.=its time to do sth.到该做某事的时间了maybe adv.或许 may be 情态动词+动词原形可能是shall should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式pay paid paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary.(时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaningfor the situation you want.(在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrivedUnit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived重点语法：过去进展时态重点语法：过去进展时态-优选-.do/does 的过去进展时态形式：(was/were)doingdo/does 的过去进展时态的被动语态：(was/were)being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否认句例句：I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street,the UFO landed.感慨句构造：(1)How+adj.+the+主语+谓语动词 =(2)What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语动词例句：What a beautiful flower it is!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语：get out 出去；离开 take off 起飞 run away 逃跑；跑掉 e in 进来hear about=hear of 听说 take place 发生 think about 考虑as.as 像一样(eg/as old as him 像他一样老)every day 每一天 anywhere=everywhere=here and there 任何地方 think of 认为get up=get out of the bed 起床 at the doctors 在诊所 most adj.大局部everyday adj.日常的 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中national hero 民族英雄 all over the world=in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text.(一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read.(在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句-优选-.构造：主语+谓语动词+宾语从句(主语+谓语动词+宾语/表语)例句：-Im good at English.He says.(改为加宾语从句的复合句)-He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech=indirect speech 间接引语 first of all=at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 in good health 身体安康 be good at=do well in 在某方面做得好 get over 克制 open up 翻开 care for=take care of=look after 照料；照顾 have a cold 感冒 not any more=not any longer=no longer 不再 get nervous 变得紧 end-of-year exam 年终考试 forget to do sth.忘记做某事该事未做 forget doing sth.忘记做某事该事已做 its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说加形容词 context 上下文Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning,not for detail.(首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节局部。)Youcan understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context.(至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)Unit 5 If you go to the party,youll have a great time!-优选-.重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句构造：主句+if+条件状语从句if+条件状语从句+(ma)+主句注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：Youll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party,youll have a great time.重点短语：take away 拿走 around the world=all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 谋生 all the time=always 一直 in class 在课堂上 Whats the problem=Whats the matter=Whats wrong 怎么了？in order to do sth.为了做某事 make sb.adj.使得某人加形容词make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事to 省略，该构造是一个不带 to 的不定式。make sb.done 使得某人被做be famous for 为而知名 be famous as 作为而知名 spend.(time/money)on sth.=spend.(time/money)in doing sth.花时间/钱用于做某事see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事强调整个过程see sb.doing sth.看见某人做某事强调偶然性say said said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词tell told told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词eat ate eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词speak spoke spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells重点语法：现在完成进展时态 do/does 的现在完成进展时态形式：have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进展时态的被动语态：have/has been being done现在完成进展时态所应用的场合：某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3 years.-优选-.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进展时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否认句例句：I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？How long have you been keeping this book重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽 by the way 顺便说说 more than 比多 be interested in doing sth.对某事感兴趣 far away 在远处would like to do sth.=want to do sth.=feel like doing sth.想要做某事send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物赠送给某人 in fact 实际上 room 房间用于可数名词；空间用于不可数名词mon more mon the most mon 形容词 mon 的原级、比拟级和最高级Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Let your eyes scan the text quickly to find details that youre looking for.(在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。)You can find information quickly withoutreading the whole text.(这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music重点语法：mind ones doing sth.介意某人做某事重点短语：not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节使音量变小 hasnt=has notright away=in a minute=at once 立刻；马上 at first=first of all 首先 wait in line 排队等候 cut in line 插队等候 keep.down 压低声音；使缓和 take care 留神；小心 take care of=care about=look after 关心；照顾 break the rule 违规 obey the rule 遵守规定 put out 熄灭 pick sth.up 捡起某物 wait for sb.等候某人 depend on 依赖；依靠 get back=return 要回-优选-.mean meant meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)As we read,we need to find topic sentences.(在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。)These sentences usually gives us a summary,or overallmeaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的“概要，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。)After thetopic sentence es more detail and explanation.(当“主题语句出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事why dont you do sth.=why not do sth.例句：Why dont you get her a camera=Why not get her a camerawhat about=how about例句：How about some tennis balls=What about some tennis balls重点短语：fall asleep 入睡 give away 赠送；分发 hear of=hear about 听说 take an interest in=be interested in 对感兴趣 make friends with 与交友 make progress 取得进步keep kept kept 动词 keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词feed fed fed 动词 feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词fall fell fallen 动词 fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词hear heard heard 动词 hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)To understand the important ideas from the text,we must summarize.(为了了解文段最主要的意图，我们必须要进展总结。)Do this by answering who,what,where,why questions as youread.(在阅读时，常注意答复时间、地点、人物这些根本要素问题，到达总结的目的。)Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement重点语法：现在完成时态 do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has)done do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has)been done-优选-.现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。I have ever been to America.Its the first time for me to go abroad.重点短语：on board 在船上 end up doing sth.完毕做某事all year round=all over the year 终年have a great time=have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得快乐understand understood understood 动词 understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)After reading,write down three or more things you have learned.(在阅读整篇文章之后，把你学到的三样或更多事物写下来。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect.(如果我们花时间去思考一些问题的话，那么我们就能更容易地记住一些事情。)Unit 10 Its a nice day,isnt it重点语法：反意疑问句反意疑问句由肯定述句加否认问句构成，或者由否认述句加肯定问句构成。例句：Hes a student,isnt he Shes not his mother,is she答复反意疑问句时，要根据事实来答复。假设事实是肯定的，那么必须用 yes 答复。假设事实是否认的，那么必须用 no 答复。例句：你还没有准备好，对吧？Youre not ready,are you是的，我没有准备好。No,Im not.不，我准备好了。Yes,I am.重点短语：look through 浏览 e along 出现；发生 get along 相处 at least 至少 at most 至多 a thank-you note 感信forget forgot forgotten 动词 forget 的原形、过去式和过去分词little less least 形容词 little 的原级、比拟级和最高级 many/much more most 形容词 many/much 的原级、比拟级和最高级重要句型、短语。一 重要句型。1There will be less pollution,more trees and fewer cars in 100 years.-优选-.2.What should I do You should do more exercise.You could buy some books.3.When the man came into the room,I was reading a book.=While I was reading a book,a man came into the room.4.He said they would e here in 5 minutes and they were on the way.5.We will take you to the zoo if we have free time.6.We have been studying English for 3 years.=We have been studying English since 3 years ago.7.Would you mind closing the window=Could you please close the window=Please close the window.=You have to close the window.8.Why dont you get her a scarf=Why not get her a scarf=How about getting her a scarf=Lets get her a scarf.9.I have been to the zoon last year.My father has gone to Beijing now.They have already received my letter.10.You like playing soccer,dont youYou have nothing to tell me,do you11.Its time for sth.Its time to do sth.Its time for sb to do sth.12.find it adj(for sb)to do sth.Its adj/n.(for sb)to do sth.(二)重要短语的用法。1.few,a few;little,a little.2.many,much,a lot of,lots of3.more,fewer,less.4.can,be able to5.help with sth,help sb do sth.6.can,may must,could,should,might.-优选-.7.pay,spend,take,cost.8.except,besides.9.stop to do sth,stop doing sth.start to do sth start doing sth.10.forget to do sth,forget doing sth.11.try to do sthtry doing sth.12.enough+n,adj+enough,enough to do sth.13.the same as,be different from14.think about doing sth,plain about doing.15.not until,not anymore.16.something important,nothing to eat.something nice to drink.17.take part in,join,enter,18.in front of,in the front of.19.take care of,look after.20.surprise,be surprised to do sth21.one the other,another,other,others.22.bring,take;borrow,lend.23.be good at sth/doing sth be better at sth/doing sth24.have a good time,have a great time,have a wonderful time.have fun25.either,eitheror,neither,neithernor,both and26.how,how long,how long,how often,how far,how soon,how old.27.how many,how much.28.Would you like some Yes,please,No,thanks.29.like,be like,look like,look the same30.Thanks for sth/doing sth.31.like to do sth,like doing sth,enjoy doing sth.32.interesting,be interested in sth/doing sth.take an interest in.33.would you mind(not)doing sth.34.what about.how about35.too toso that.-优选-.36.have been to,have gone to.1._ an English party in our school this evening.A.There will be B.There is going to haveC.There will haveD.There is going have2.The boys often play _ tennis after school.A.aB./C.theD.that3.Alan is as _ as Lucy in their class.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.the tallest4._ you _ free next weekendA.will,haveB.will,be C.Do,beD.Are,be5.He _ in three days.A.ing back B.came back C.will e back D.is going to ing back6.There will be _ people and _ pollution in 50 years.A.less,moreB.fewer,less C.more,moreD.less,less7.Why not _ to thank you teachersA.making cardsB.to make cards C.make cardsD.made cards8.There will _ robots in peoples homes.A.beB.isC.areD.have9.My life will be _ better than it is now!A.a lot ofB.a lotC.moreD.less10.-_do you go to see your parents Once a week.A.How manyB.How muchC.How longD.How often11.Flying to the moon for vacation will _ one day.A.e onB.e over C.e upD.e true12.You _ wash your hands before mealsA.shouldB.couldC.would13._ he was very thirsty,he didnt drink water.A.ThoughB.AsC.SoD.But14.You should _ sorry to him.A.talkB.speakC.sayD.tell-优选-.15.Please call me _ this afternoon.A.toB.forC.upD.with16.Mother told her son _ at home.A.stayedB.to stayC.staysD.staying17.Your clothes are _ of style.A.awayB.farC.outD.in18.Would you please _ on the roadA.not to play B.to not playC.not play D.dont play19.She has _ haircut _ I do.A.the same,as B.the same,withC.same,as D.same,with20.We are friends,we can _.A.get on well B.get wellC.get on well with D.on well get21.This is _ boy.That girl is _.A.an 8-year-old,7 years old.B.an 8-years-old,7 years oldC.an 8-year-old,7-year-oldD.a 8-year-old,7-year-old22.You can _ some money from Jim.I think he may _ the money to you.A.lend,borrow B.borrow,borrow C.borrow,lend D.lend,lend23.I dont have a pen.He doesnt have a pen,_.A.tooB.alsoC.as well asD.either24.Everyone is here _ Lily,she is ill.A.besideB.besidesC.outsideD.except25.She was cleaning her room _ I arrived at her room.A.WhenB.whileC.as soon asD.but26.When the UFO arrived,I was standing _ the big tree.A.in the front of B.in front of C.frontD.in a front27.My best friend visited my house while I _ dinner in the kitchen.A.cookedB.cooking C.was cookingD.cook28.I was very _ at the _ news.A.surprised,surprisedB.surprising,surprising-优选-.C.surprised,surprisingD.surprising,surprised29._ I was walking to school,I saw a cat climbing a tree.A.WhenB.whileC.beforeD.After30.What _ while Linda was _ the phoneA.happened,on B.happen,on C.happened,at D.happen,at31.An alien got out _ the UFO and walked _ the street.A.off,onB.from,along C.of,downD.in,in32.They arrived _ Paris _ a winter evening.A.at,inB.to,onC.in,onD.in,at33.-What were you doing at this time yesterday-I _.A.sleepB.slept C.was sleeping D.sleeping34.If you _ the station,please call me.A.getB.arriveC.reachD.arrive to35.The thief _ the purse and _.A.drops,run after B.droped,ran awayC.dropped,ran awayD.dropped,run away36.Well go for a walk if it _ tomorrow.A.will not rainB.isnt rainingC.doesnt rainD.isnt rain37.She said she _ flying to shanghai next weekend.A.will beB.wasC.isD.are38.Please _ the message _ Tim.A.pass,to B.pass,onC.pass,withD.pass,in39.He told me he _ call his brother tomorrow.A.willB.wouldC.shallD.can40._,you should cut the bananas,then you can make the banana pie.A.The