高一英语必修4动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语、补足语和状语.pdf

-Unit 4 动词的 ing 形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing 形式作表语1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.=keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her jobHis hobby is painting.=Painting is his job.2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词 ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising,puzzling,exciting 等（这类分词表示“令人.的”含义）。如：The problem is quite puzzling.The news sounds encouraging.二、动词-ing 形式作定语1.单个的动词-ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能用途和性能。a reading room=a room which is used for readingrunning shoes=shoes for running跑鞋a working method=a method for working 工作方法reading material 阅读材料No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room.There is a swimming pool in our school.表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。动作或当时的状态。（注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么）developing countries=countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house=a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 walking stick 手杖 living room 起居室 running water 自来水2.作定语的动词-ing 形式如是一个短语一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan(=the man who is visiting Japan)is my uncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。In the following years he worked even hard.在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。The man talking to(=the man who is talking to)the teacher is our monitors father.正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。三、动词-ing 形式作宾补作宾补1、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned,we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the film very exciting.=The film is found very exciting.-3、能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有 see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,catch,listen to等）+sb+doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me.I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office.2)表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有 have,set,keep,get,leave等）+sb/sth+doing sth(作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running aboutin the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。This sets me thinking.You shouldnt keep your lights burning in the day.4、see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式(省 to)作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。四、动词-ing 形式作状语动词-ing 形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。动词动词-ing-ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing 前加一个表时间的连词，如when,while 等）Having made full preparations,we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=After we have made full preparations.)Hearing the news,they jumped with great joy.Having finished his homework,Henry went home.(=After having finished his homework/After he had finished hishomework,Herny went home.)2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Since he was ill.)Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.(=As he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.)Not knowing his phone number,we couldnt get in touch with him.(=Because we didnt know his phone number,wecouldnt get in touch with him.)3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。His father died,leaving him a lot of money.=and left him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.European football is played in 80 countries,making isthe most popular sport in the world.(=European football isplayed in 80 countries;as a result,it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working hard at your lessons,you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Using your head,youll find a good way.(=If you use your head,youll find a good way.)-Driving too fast,youll damage the car.(=If you drive too fast,youll damage the car)5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Although toiling all the year round(=Although he was toiling all theyear round),the poor peasant couldnt afford tosend his children to school.这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。Weighing almost one hundred jin(=Though it weighed almost one hundred jin),the box was lifted by him with onehand.6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。He lay on the grass,staring at the sky for a long time.=.and stared at the sky for a long time他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside,begging for money(=they were begging for money).这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。He went out,slamming the door(=he slammed the door).他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。即时强化练习一、用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空，并指出在该句中所充当的句子成分（一词限用一次）astonish,play,bark,direct,climb1.Did you hear the dog downstairs _for most of the night?2.Jim has really learnt very fast.He had made _progress.3.When I came out of the theatre,I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street.4.The boy _the mountains is very tired and needs to rest.5.His fathers job is _the movies in a film studio in Hollywood.二、同义句转换（用动词-ing 形式）1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,_the delay.2.John watched curiously and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.John watched curiously,_that the woman seemed a little crazy.3.While I was waiting for the train,I had a long talk with him._for the train,I had a long talk with him.4.Because I was ill,I stayed at home._,I stayed at home.5.If you turn right at the second crossing,you will find the post office._ right at the second crossing,you will find the post office.6.Because she had been beaten by a snake,she was frightened at it._ _ _ by a snake,she was frightened at it.三、选择填空1.Though I have often heard this song _,I have never heard you _ it.A.being sung;sangB.sang;singingC.sung;singD.to be sung;to sing2.It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A.to burnB.burnC.burningD.burned3.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.putB.to be putting C.to putD.putting-4.Did you meet anyone _ at the party?No,in fact,I found the party rather _.A.interesting;boringB.interested;boringC.interesting;boredD.interested;bored5.The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolenB.to be stealingC.to stealD.stealing6.Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A.runB.runningC.being runD.to run7.The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;to play8.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.smoked9.His job is _ all the children.A.look afterB.looked afterC.looking afterD.having looked after10.-Do you know the girl _ near the window?-She is my deskmate.A.seatingB.standingC.is sittingD.is standing11.What worried the boy most was _to visit his father is the hospital.A.his not being allowedB.his not allowingC.his not been allowedD.his being not allowed12.Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _the use of mobile phones on campus?A.permittingB.to permitC.permittedD.being permitted13.-Was yesterdays conference successful?-Not really.The number of _was much smaller than we had expected.A.people who attendB.people attendedC.people attendingD.people attend14._such a good chance,how could she let it slip?A.Having been givenB.Having givenC.To being givenD.To have given15.Living near the sea,_.A.we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sight.B.fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoyC.it is fresh and beautiful sight is what we enjoyD.so we enjoy fresh and beautiful sight16.Thinking about the fact that I was not well prepared,and _ to lose my face,I gave up the English contest.A.not wantingB.not wantC.not wantedD.not to want17.There are many mistakes in his essay,_his failure.A.which resultsB.leading toC.led toD.that led to18._such heavy loss,the businessman doesnt have the courage to go on.A.Having sufferedB.SufferingC.To sufferD.Suffered19._the project,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completingB.Not completedC.Not having completedD.Having not completed20.Though _ natural resources,the area is well developed.A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in21._,he seems to be very nervous.-A.Judge from appearanceB.Judges from appearance C.Judged from appearanceD.Judging from appearance-