《中考英语》高中英语定语从句解题方法与技巧新.doc
解答高中英语定语从句中的方法技巧选择引导定语从句的引导词是学习定语从句的难点。巧用以下口决,可化难为易。一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;三看句中作何用,四看否属特殊。方法一:“一看指人还是物”指人时用who(作主语)、whom(作宾语)和whose(作定语,既指人又指物);that既可指人又可指物,但在当代英语中多指物;which只能指物,that与which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。如:In the beginning, people who bought them often got angry. (who指人,修饰先行词people,作从句的主语。)刚开始,买的人经常会生气。They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.(which指物,修饰先行词plant,作从句的主语,此处which可换为that。)他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要大量水的作物。I've bought a new dictionary whose cover is blue.(这里whose指物,在从句中作定语。)我买了一本封皮是蓝色的字典。难点:(1)whose既可指“某人的”,也可指“某物的”,指物时不可想当然误用which,但可使用“the+n.+of which”的表达方法,也可用“of which +n”的表达方式。例句:I've bought a new dictionary, the cover of which is blue.I've bouth a new dictionary of which the cover is blue.(2)在非正式文体中,当引导词who位于从句句首时,可替换whom作宾语。如:Do you know the boy who/whom we talked to just now?方法二:“二看介词在何处”当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who或that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。试比较以下两组句子:1Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?(此处介词with之后的whom不可替换为who或that,也不能省略。)Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?(此句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可换为who或that,也不能省略。)难点:(1)当who, whom, which, that等引导词在从句中作宾语而省略时,从句中不能再加宾语。如:This is the pen she bought it yesterday.(此处的it应去悼,因为作宾语的which或that已省略。)(2)两个以上的简单句组成一个句子时,必须用关联词来连接两个句子,而不能用代词。如:This is our monitor, without him, we couldn't win the game.(此句中的人称代词him必须改为引导词whom。)Can you see the tall building, in front of it there a large play ground?(此句中的代词it 必须改为引导词which。)方法三:“三看句中作何用”如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中作什么成分。若作主语,则在who, that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中选择。试比较:1. Have you ever been to the place which/that we visted last year你去过我们去年参观的那个地方吗?Have you ever been to the place where we worked last year?你去过我们去年工作的那个地方吗?以上第一句中的引导词which/that作及物动词visited的宾语,可省略,不可换用where;第二句中的引导词where作不及物动词worked的状语,不可换用which或that,但可用in which来替换。2.Do you still remember the day which/that we spent together?你还记得我们一起度过的那一天吗?Do you still remember the day when we stayed together?你还记得我们呆在一起的那一天吗?以上第一句中的引导词which/that作及物动词spent的宾语,可省略,不可用when替换;而第二句的when作不及物动词stayed的状语,不可换用which或that,但可用on which来替换。难点:要把握句子结构,正确分析句子成分,切不可见到表示时间的名词就用when,见到表示地点的句词变用where。方法四:“四看是否属特殊”定语从句引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who 与that均可指人,which和that都可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。如:This is the first time that Ive been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.这是我第一次去博物馆,我盼了好多年了。当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只用that而不能用which;在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which而不能用that,故此句中的that与which不能互换。which is the book that you want to borrow?你想借那一本书?当先行词是which时,引导词用that.另外一种常考的点是way和reason引导的定语从句。如:I dislike the way in which/that/× he talks to his mother.我不喜欢他和他母亲说话的方式此句中way在定语从句中充当方式状语,引导词用in which that 或者省略练习题1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where2._is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What3.Aften living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when4.This is the hotel _ last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed5.Do you known the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which6.That is the day _I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 7.I have bought two ballpens, _writes well.A.none of them B.neither of themC.neither of which D.none of which 8.Is _some German friends visited last week?A.this school B.this the schoolC.this school one D.this school where9.This is one of the best films_.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked10.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which you talked B.which you talkedC.about that you talked D.that you talked参考答案1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8. B 9.A 10.A基本上不看短文内容仅看选项,2010年高考有人竟然过了100分!高考有没有瞬间大幅度提分的可能?谁能让你不用花很多时间和心思学习,英语就能提高至少20-30分?要是真的话,简直是白捡的分数!不仅如此,当你了解了高考真题答案的所有内幕规律,看到了绝密的解题招式,就会豁然开朗。哇!原来也可以这么做题!你的思路因此将会被彻底打通,提高的分数将不仅仅是20-30分!无论现在的英语成绩是60分,还是110分,任何人都可以做到!这些绝密招式是太简单、太震撼了!所以,如果你看到了,切勿告诉他人,否则,他们会在高考中轻松超过你!请注意 !如果你不相信这世上有考试秘诀,请立即将您的眼睛离开;如果你习惯于按照传统思路做题,不希望有思维上的突破,请你立即将您的眼睛离开;如果你现在的成绩已接近满分,甚至已是满分,请你立即将您的眼睛离开;如果你患有心理疾病或心脏病,请您立即将您的眼睛离开;如果你选择留下来,那么接下来的事,很可能让你目瞪口呆!如果我告诉你N个秘诀,在做完形填空和阅读理解题时,不用看文章和题干,只是简单的比较四个选项,就能瞬间选出正确答案,你是否想看?请先看下面的例子,它是辽宁卷2010年真题的第36题,是一个完形填空题. 在此我只列出它的四个选项,试试看,只是比较选项,你是否能够在3秒之内选出正确答案?36. A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous正确答案是C, ABD都是一个人状态不好的倾向词,而C则为中性词,表述态度不一致者是答案。.如果你知道了这个秘诀,可以解决很多类似的完型填空题!看一下辽宁卷2010年完形填空真题的第52题:52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably正确答案是C, ABD都是含义不肯定的副词,排除表述不明确的选项,答案就水落石出了. 如果你知道了这个秘诀,你更是可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 试想一下,知道了全部36个完形秘诀之后,您的分数会怎么样呢?请再看下面的例子,它是辽宁卷2010年真题阅读理解题的第56题,在此我只写出它的题干和四个选项.也试试看,只是比较选项,你是否能够在5秒之内选出正确答案?56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers . A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life C.were poor but somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers正确答案是C, 选项中表述的内容前后相互矛盾的是答案! 思路很简单,如果你掌握了其中的秘诀,抛开文章,你也可以很快选出正确答案. 掌握此类瞬间解题秘诀,不仅缩短了答题时间,还能保障近乎100%的准确率!请上或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询!吴军英语高分密码,让您第一次课就提10分!20次课提25-62分!模棱两可处和看不懂,该怎么办?要知道,如果对文章似懂非懂,那么,在文章中寻找答案线索就像大海捞针一样的难,更谈不上做对题!吴军英语高分密码将会告诉你此类瞬间解题秘诀,帮助你辨识选项中的诸多暗示点,瞬间找出正确答案,或者瞬间排除错误选项.请记住!在英语完型填空和阅读理解题的选项中,从头到尾都充满了暗示点,善于利用这些暗示点,可以快速做对题! 无论任何人,在考试中,总会遇到吃不准选项的题,或可以称之为不会做的“难题”,那么,如果遇到“难题”,你会怎办?是放弃?不可能,怎么着也要“猜”出一个答案!那么,是“瞎猜”吗?如果是“瞎猜”,其正确率仅是25%,是可想而知的低!那么,如何“猜”才能有高的准确率呢?如果我告诉你N个秘诀,让你在做“难题”时,猜出的答案的准确率由25%提高至95%,甚至是100%,你愿意继续看下去吗?35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out35题在B和C模棱两可处到底选哪个? 当然选范围大的,能包括另一个的,即选B.再举个例子,假如2010年辽宁卷高考英语完形填空的47题,不知选哪个, 怎么办?As I found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two 47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English!47. A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters很简单,选A,勿须有任何的犹豫,为什么?复现法则!吴军英语高分密码会告诉你具体原因以及更多的解决“难题”的秘诀,都是非常的简单和直接.请记住!遇到“难题”,即使“猜”答案,也要“猜”的有理有据,切勿盲目的“猜”! The moment he was about to 47 the hospital, he saw on the desk the 48 new book ,just as he had left it one 49 ago. 48. A much B still C hardly D quite很简单,选B,为什么?答案高频词汇倾向归纳让你笑逐颜开!高频形容词 副词: suddenly, even, finally, first, last, again, also, however, though, although, yet, instead, even though, but, still等.吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗?是!一点儿没错!效果是绝对的真实!作为一种标准化考试,选择题本身是有很多缺陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点,就是解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究,对这些暗示点进行了全面、深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀!每一个秘诀的准确率都在95%以上,甚至是100% 吴军英语高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影!甚至是一剑封喉!单选280个考点,42个诀窍; 阅读16大满分攻略; 完形36绝招; 七选五6大原则; 改错36个规律;作文4大模板6-8页;不想考上一本、二本都很难!马上用吴军英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇到吴军老师,您太幸运了!请上或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询!“当时学习,当时提分”的超实战家教!抚顺2中的徐金良同学,来时成绩是71分左右, 2009年高考成绩为117分;沈阳4中的刘洪鹏同学 来时成绩是46分, 2009年高考成绩为100分; 黑山1中的高三刘璐同学来时成绩是50-70分, 2010年高考成绩为113分!.孩子从小学开始,学习英语已经多年,孩子天天背单词、做习题、记笔记,做过的卷子岂止几百套,上千套,那么孩子的英语成绩一直在稳步提高吗?还是一直没有提高,甚至越学越落后、越学越迷茫?如果孩子的英语成绩一直提高不了,如果孩子一直抓不住重点、找不到感觉,就来找 “神奇”的吴军老师吧!在这里孩子马上就会体验到英语学习成绩“突飞猛进”的快乐!在这里一天提高几十分的孩子比比皆是!鲁美附中、沈音附中7人全部考取国本!热烈庆祝吴军一对一家教学员-2010届鲁美附中1班王巨龙、冯潇潇,沈音附中李同学(女,不愿公开全名)及沈阳2中补习班姜雯悦等7人考取鲁美和沈阳音乐学院!为什么一个英语烂到家的学生,在不到2-3个月内成绩突飞猛进?为什么英语基础几乎为零的学生经过他辅导10到20 次课,成绩就能迅速提升30-70多分?走捷径考高分的窍门是什么?沈阳高端英语快速提分名师吴军老师将为您咨询谜底。艺术类国本,英语小分很关键!9年的高分经验能成就了他们,同样也可以成就暂时停止成功的你!只学习5-10次课,英语成绩就提高了30多分!能接触到吴军老师英语高分密码的人太幸运了!如何把握中心,猜测题意,一听就会!融会贯通,举一反三!沈阳83中高二的金柏岑同学来时成绩是82分, 2010年学习5次课后的期末成绩为108分; 现就读于沈阳4中高二文科班的胡兢元同学来时成绩是91分, 13次课后的期末成绩为125分; 现就读于皇姑区沈阳10中高一的高雅慧同学来时成绩是90分左右, 2010年高一下学期期中考试的成绩为127分;现就读于沈阳东北育才高中本部高二的戴冠宇同学来时成绩是107分,学习后的成绩稳定在125140分之间,最好成绩是由倒数到班里前6名。2010年沈阳中考距离满分竟然只差了7分!2010届杏坛中学初三6班的周千会同学(女), 2010年沈阳市铁西区一模才120分左右,其中一大半还是懵来的。跟吴军老师学习3-4次后,自己很快找到了英语学习的感觉,好像一下子容易了很多,二模考了135分。10次课后,中考距离满分竟然只差了七分,考了143分。她说没想到她的最高纪录竟然创造在2010年沈阳中考中!请上或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询!2010中考冲刺,没想到效果居然这么好!2010届43中学初三13班的李圣同学(男),初三后成绩与其他同学突然拉大,成绩一直在80分左右,很少达到及格线90分,对自己没有信心,对英语家教更是排斥。跟吴军老师学习20次后,虽与好学生还有5-7分的差距,但又找到了初一前十名时的感觉。2010年沈阳中考虽然发挥不算理想(非选择手写部分基础不好),也达到了129分!请上或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询!英语一对一家教授课内容单项选择 13条经典实战技巧,助你避开语法的干扰轻松得高分;完型填空 11个重要特点,10种判断技巧,彻底解决一错错一串、发挥不稳定两大难题;阅读理解 9大要点,9种提高方法轻松解决 做题慢准确率低等难题;短文改错 6大应试策略,6大提高方法让你拿分如探囊取物;书面表达 “黄金写作模型”,精辟独到的讲解,写出让阅卷老师无可挑剔的高分作文!以下情况不能提分:单词量要达到初二牛津8B水平(目标高考分数是70-95分),初二牛津9B水平(目标高考分数是95-115分),当次见效(通过现场实战做题,题也可以自己带,明显感觉提了8-10分),一般8-20次课达到目标!什么也不会(连羊sheep和睡觉sleep都分不清就别浪费家里的钱了),家里有钱也没用,”神”也帮不了你!心里形成强烈“自己不行”思维定势,不能迅速扭转的,应先找心理医生或另寻他法;一模40分,二模50分以上可以来,30分左右的得包5-8天,费用得1.5万起,否则拒访!不走心,每次课都没有问题,甚至连给的课后专项题或语境化词汇题都不做的, 拒访!非要学可以,成绩变化不大,就别来找我!仅上3-5次课就想提30-50分的别来,当次课提分是因为阅读或完形有了技巧性突破,但考点还没系统化,所以只能提10-15分. 提30-50分不是3-5次而是包3-5天!他的诚信宣言:1.我只能帮助孩子提高英语分数,而不能提高孩子基本功!2.现成绩125分以上的同学,建议不要参加。因为他们只有1015分的提分空间,性价比不合适!3.听完1小时内不满意,保证不问原因、不问理由、无条件地、全额退费!超过了,则按一课收取。讲课当中或讲完后,提供试题或自己带题,马上答题验证!再于下次补交10-20次的费用,3课内不满意可以退回未上课的所有费用,因用大量时间为您的孩子做个性化教案,故3课后恕不退还!本承诺已坚持了四年半!4保分”需要过程,中考高考结束后才能验证,到时就算退回了学费也买不回来孩子的时间和未来。Peter高分英语“立竿见影”当次课见效!每次课后都可以拿高考真题和你的期中/末考题来验证高分教案,答的正确率高或方法好使,就可以证明我们的教案有效!一般情况下,85分以上来的,都能在6-20课内提到105-135分。2009-2010年(吴军亲授的学生)高考130分以上的有39人,3个月内提高了50-70分的有17人。请上或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询!定语从句【典例精析】 1.(09天津)A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever【解析】C 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语,故选C符合。2.(09天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though【解析】A 考查as连接的倒装句式。按照句意此处as有正如,正像的意思,故as符合。3.(09陕西)Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析】C 考查定语从句,先行词是Gun control,指物,关系词在从句中做介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth,选C。4.(09四川)Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. that B. which C. where D. when【解析】D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词,可以理解为抽象的一段时间(她呆在那里期间),when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。5.(09浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why【解析】B 考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分;point为先行词,在定语从句中先行词做地点状语,意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方(某一点)”6.(09北京)What do you think of teacher ,Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that【解析】A 考查定语从句用法。分析定语从句主谓宾完整,说明应该填关系副词,先行词为a job,定语从句的意思是在这个工作中,所以答案用where引导的定语从句。7.(09福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where【解析】D 考查定语从句。先行词是situation,指物,亦可指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词where,选D。8.(09安徽)A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A. how B. whom C. when D. which【解析】C 考查定语从句用法。本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为“就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”9.(09安徽)Many children, parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom【解析】B 本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”10.(09湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose【解析】D 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语,意思为这个城市的名字。11.(09全国2 )My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it【解析】A 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。12.(09江西)6. The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which【解析】B 考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。13.(09海南)7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these【解析】C。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为:她带着她的三个朋友,他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。14.(09山东)8. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. which C. when D. that【解析】B非限制性定语从句,指代前面一个句子,故用which.【专题突破】总体做题采用还原法:即把先行词还原到定语从句里边,看一下做什么成分、指人、物;做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破,具体说:1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句(划完后必须是两个独立的句子)。2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语,则选关系代词。如果先行词在定语从句中做状语,则用关系副词。3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。1The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which2 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which3 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where4Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填5The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as6. Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.A. then B. there C. while D. where7 The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when8. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where9. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 10. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 参考答案和详解:1.【解析】C根据句子意思需选择介词in,从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指English play,指物,因此选择in which。注意:如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语,那么介词必须后置,不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面。2.【解析】D这是一句非