钙钛矿太阳能电池简介课件.ppt

LOGO Perovskite Solar CellLOGOdevelopmental stage of solar cellgenerationsolar celladvantageweaknessThe first generation silicon solar cellWidely used;mature technologyHigh cost;high energy consumptionThe second generation thin film solar cellTolerate higher defect densityHigh cost;heavily polluted;lack of rare elementThe third generation dye-sensitized solar cellorganic solar cellLow cost;abundant raw materialsPoor stability;mechanism complex;hard to mass productionLOGOLOGOThe structure or perovskitePerovskites are materials described by the formula ABX3ACH3NH3BPbX-ILayer structure1.Light extinction coefficiency 10 times higher than Dyes2.Stability3.Bandgap controllableLOGOThe important stage of perovskite solar cellDataNation MethodPhaseWorkpiece ratio(%)2009Japanoptimization of solar cell technologyliquid3.82011Koreaoptimize synthesis technology of CH3NH3PbI3liquid6.52012.08Koreathe use of efficient solid electrolytesolid9.72012UKMSSC structuresolid10.92013.6Switzerlandperovskite continuous precipitationsolid152013.9UKperovskite gas phase precipitationsolid15.42013.12USAgas phase auxiliary solution precipitationsolid12.12014USAmodify TiO2 layer by doping Ysolid19.32015Korea/solid20.2LOGOThe structure of perovskite solar cell Perovskite solar cells generally includes anode(FTO),N-type electron transfer layer,Perovskite absorption layer,P-type hole transporting layer and cathode(Au)Perovskite can produce electrons and holes,electronic passes through electronic transport layer to the anode and to the cathode through the external circuit.meanwhile,hole can go to the cathode by hole transport layer,and combined with electron to complete a loop here.LOGOThe type of perovskite solar cell Dye-sensitised perovskite type solar cellsStructure：similar to Dye-sensitized solar cell，consist with photo-anode，photoabsortion material，HTM，counter electrode.Characteristics：a stable structure and easy to product，but it cant exist without the mesoporous nano oxide layer and much interfacial defects has been existed in the solar cell.LOGOThe type of perovskite solar cell Mesoscopic ultra structure perovskite solar cellStructure：similar to Dye-sensitized solar cellCharacteristics：a low energy loss and a high photoelectric conversion efficiencies but much interfacial defects has been existed in the solar cell.LOGOThe type of perovskite solar cell Planar perovskite solar cellStructure：dont need a three-dimensional skeleton for supporting materials，mainly consist with conductive glass substitute(FTO),composite oxide layer,perovskite layer,MTL,and metal electrode.Characteristics：simplified the structure of solar cell and the inter defects has been controlled.LOGOThe type of perovskite solar cell The micro heterojunction perovskite solar cell of CH3NH3PdI3/TiO2Structure：no HTM,mainly consist with conductive glass(FTO),titanium oxide film,perovskite film of CH3NH3PdI3 and metal electrode.Characteristics：the cost reducted very much but it has a complex manufacturingand a low photoelectric conversion efficiencies.LOGOThe making method of perovskite material(CH3NH3PdX3)(1)The solution methodOne-step method：dissolving PbX2 and CH3NH3X in a solvent by a certain stoichiometric ratio，spined it onto TiO2,and dried it in glovebox under 100 andnitrogen atmosphere.Two-step method：spined the The high concentrated solution of PbI2/DMF onto flat TiO2,and dissolved TiO2/PbI2 composite into CH3NH3I/2-propyl alcohol solution.Than，PbI2 and CH3NH3I generated CH3NH3I3.(2)Co-evaporation methodWhen the pressure is lower than 10-3 Pa，PbCl2 and CH3NH3I has been evaporated onto the surface of FTO conductive glass，which is deposited TiO2 on the surface,the two substance has reacted form CH3NH3PdI3-XClX,than，annealing in the glove box under 100 and nitrogen atmosphere.LOGOThe p-type hole transport layer Organic materialspiro-MeOTADPoly-triethylamineefficient and use widespread but hard to made and expansiveInorganic materialsCuIZrOhigh resistance,high recombination rate of electrons and holes,a low open currentEnergy level matching(HOMO of HTMs)Interaction between HTMs and perovskiteHole mobilityLOGOThe mainly advantages of perovskite solar cell (1)A good comprehensive performance,it can achieve incident rays absorbtion，the excitation of photon-generated carrier，transportation and sepration at the same time.(2)A high extinction coefficient and a suitable band gap width，a good absorber of ligh.(3)A good property in transported bipolar carrier,it can transport electrons and holes efficiently.(4)A high open-circuit voltage,it close to GaAs solar cell and it is higher than common solar cells.(5)The structure is simple,it consist with transparent anode,ETL,Perovskite absorption layer,HTL and metal cathode.(6)The cost of fabrication is low and making conditions is mild.(7)It can be made efficient flexible device.LOGOThe existing problems of perovskite solar cell (1)perovskites are decomposed when it met water，and sublimated in a cold circumstances，so the cells stable and using life has been decreased.(2)perovskites has a good absorbtion to visible light,but IR and UV are not.(3)high effective hole transport materialsspiro-MeOTAD are expensive and not easy to made.(4)the best structure of cells are not determined.(5)almost all the perovskite materials are made of lead,but lead is harmful to our body and not be used in someplace.(6)up to now,all of the making perovskite solar cells are just small area,if we made a big device,the workpiece ratio would be reduced quickly.LOGOThe development tendency of perovskite solar cell (1)to find a more stable perovskite materials，promote the stability and workpiece ratio of perovskite solar cell.(2)to find a more efficient and cheap hole transport materials,substitute spiro-MeOTAD,and reudce the cost.(3)making a perovskite materials without lead.(4)making a perovskite solar cell with big area,dissolve the problem that the workpiece ratio reduced quickly.(5)to certain a more stable and efficient structure of perovskite solar cell.(6)to research the micromechanism of perovskite solar cell,include the photoelectric conversion mechanism,electron-hole pairs mechanism,excitation electron mechanism.