高考英语作文专题辅导精选文档.ppt

高考英语作文专题辅导高考英语作文专题辅导本讲稿第一页，共三十九页高考作文高分卷的特点高考作文高分卷的特点根据高考最新考纲、书面表达的评分标准以及高考后的阅卷情况，可以看出书面表达高分卷应具备以下特点：外在美外在美：第一印象很重要！书写清楚，：第一印象很重要！书写清楚，字母匀称，词、行间距适当，卷面整字母匀称，词、行间距适当，卷面整洁。洁。结构美结构美：有合理的段落层次，多为：有合理的段落层次，多为3段段式，条理清晰；每段有每段的主题。式，条理清晰；每段有每段的主题。本讲稿第二页，共三十九页词汇美词汇美：词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。likeBe fond of,be addicted to/helpdo sb a favor 句式美句式美：运用得当的运用得当的高级句式结构高级句式结构可以可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉而生辉。衔接美衔接美：使用恰当的使用恰当的连接词连接词，对写一篇，对写一篇有有“英语味英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、条理清晰。上下衔接自然、条理清晰。本讲稿第三页，共三十九页二、四步打造高分英语作文二、四步打造高分英语作文Step1：确定文体：确定文体常用文体有记叙文、说明文，还有应用文如书信等。近几年的高考书面表达多以应用文为主，提供的形式多以图画、提纲、表格出现，书写的格式大都是书信、通知。所以，考生还应该掌握信的称呼、开头、正文、结尾、签名等方面，另外，口头通知和书面通知的不同要清楚。总之，考生应根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第一关。本讲稿第四页，共三十九页Step2：确定时态和人称确定时态和人称考生要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。定准时态后接下来一定要知道各时态的构成及用法要点，但要记住，写作时时态并不惟一，要依据表达内容而选定。本讲稿第五页，共三十九页Step3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出。理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意力求语言准确得当。平时写作要多进行发散思维，如是用very sorry还是terribly sorry；是surprised还是astonished。同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地完美文章。本讲稿第六页，共三十九页Step4：整理成篇行文连贯：整理成篇行文连贯 接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齐划一，闯过写作第四关。本讲稿第七页，共三十九页三段式作文法三段式作文法重点诠释重点诠释：所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言，如何把握较大的写作空间，三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为：1第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。2第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。3最后一段，得出结论或理由。本讲稿第八页，共三十九页 注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁桥梁”和和“粘合剂粘合剂”。恰当地使用过。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。贯流畅。本讲稿第九页，共三十九页 常用的过渡词有：常用的过渡词有：递进型：also,(and)besides,whats more,moreover,furthermore,in addition,even,whats worse,worse still,to make matters worse,for the worse,not onlybut also等；解释型：that is(to say),in other words,or,namely,if fact,in reality,as a matter of fact等；转折型：however,but,yet,nevertheless,instead,on the contrary,on the other hand 等；本讲稿第十页，共三十九页列举型列举型：firstlysecondlyfinally,on the one hand,on the other hand,for one thing,for another 等举例型举例型：for example,for instance,such as,that is,like,take for example等；因果型因果型：because(of),since,now that,thanks to,due to;thus,therefore,as a result(consequence),so that,so that等；让步型让步型：though,although,in spite of,despite 等；顺序型顺序型：firstnextand thenfinally,firstthenafter thatfinally 等；本讲稿第十一页，共三十九页并列型并列型：and,bothand,or,eitheror,as well as,等时间型时间型：afterwards,soon,later,the moment/immediately/on doing,hardlywhen,no soonerthan 等总结型总结型：in a word,to sum up,in short,on the whole,in conclusion 等见解型见解型：in my opinion,personally speaking,as far as I am concerned,Im sure 等条件型条件型：if,as long as,so long as,on condition that,unless 等本讲稿第十二页，共三十九页英语作文高分技巧英语作文高分技巧在历年的高考评卷过程中，阅卷老师是如何评判一份卷子的，阅卷人最注重的是什么，是每个高考考生迫切想知道的，笔者将结合多年的高考阅卷经验，告诉大家如何在高考中胜人一筹，在书面表达上拿到高档次的分数。书面表达在评阅时遵循语言第一位（语言高级），内容第二位语言第一位（语言高级），内容第二位（要点齐全），结构第三位（文章分段）的原则（要点齐全），结构第三位（文章分段）的原则，也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言，换句话说是亮点，根据语言使用情况，亮点的多少而定出档次，所以考生在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。亮点一共有四种：一、高级词汇和语法；一、高级词汇和语法；二、修辞手法；三、有效的连词；四、名人名言或谚语。二、修辞手法；三、有效的连词；四、名人名言或谚语。首先简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级语法，以及修辞手法当中的一些技巧的使用。本讲稿第十三页，共三十九页 肯定不如双否好修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day，就不如变成双重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”，写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not affected by the earthquake.应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。本讲稿第十四页，共三十九页陈述不如倒装妙在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对书面表达，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。本讲稿第十五页，共三十九页 1.否定词开头：否定词开头：如果写出的句子中有否定词，例如I will never marry you.不如变成倒装，用否定词开头Never will I marry you.就算作使用了高级语法。其他的否定词，如not，seldom，hardly等开头后面的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。本讲稿第十六页，共三十九页2.地点状语开头地点状语开头：在很多年的高考书面表达中都有表达地点的句子，一个建筑位于什么位置，或什么地方有什么东西，都可以应用倒装。例如在2006年的全国卷中，“图书馆位于学校的中央”，Our library is in the center of our school.变成倒装就用地点状语开头：In the center of our school lies our library.其他的例子，想表达“河岸上有很多花”：On the bank stand some flowers.“天空中繁星点点”：In the sky hang little stars.总之在想表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点。例如In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.本讲稿第十七页，共三十九页3.Only+介词短语：介词短语：例如在2007年全国卷中，让外教帮你找个笔友，有一句可以表达成“只有通过这种方式我才能提高英语”，这句话可以写成Only in this way can I improve my English.其他的例子还有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.4.形容词形容词+as+主语主语+系动词系动词：例如Young as I am，I can manage it；Rich as our country is，we have a lot of problems.2000年书面表达中：Badly injured as he was，he managed to take down the cars number.还有其他的倒装结构，“很高兴收到的你的来信”：So glad am I to hear from you.在高考中要尽量使用一两个倒装。本讲稿第十八页，共三十九页 主动不如被动巧主动不如被动巧在近些年的阅卷中，发现考生在写作中很少使用被动语态，也许是受中文思维的影响，几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态。其实在英文中，被动语态的使用是很重要的。因为英语是一门客观的语言，而汉语是主观的语言，具体体现在英语中经常用被动语态，汉语经常用主动语态；英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使整个文章句型丰富。例如在2006年的高考中，很多学生在表达“我们每次可以借五本书最多借十天时”，都是用：We can borrow five books at most，and we can keep them for ten days.这句话如果写成：At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days，分数会更高。本讲稿第十九页，共三十九页分词结构不能少分词结构不能少 在前文提到，在书面表达中老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其次是剩下的几项。但很多学生不知道如何在文章中使用这个最大的亮点。其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语等。例如条件状语从句：If such is the case，you should apologize to her.如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。本讲稿第二十页，共三十九页口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。二看：看主语；三改：改分词。If such is the case，you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改，第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is 变成分词是being，所以最后变成Such being the case，you should apologize to her.就变成了独立主格。如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构，例如2005年高考书面表达中的一句话Because I am a student，Id like to know the price for students.改成Being a student，Id like to know the price for students.其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达由于，因为，如果等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。本讲稿第二十一页，共三十九页总之，书面表达重在设计，如何设计出让阅卷老师看了眼前一亮的句子，写出有分词，倒装，强调，修辞的句子，使整篇文章句型丰富，不单一，有效的使用连接成分使文章连贯，方能在高考中拿到高分。本讲稿第二十二页，共三十九页II、Paraphrase or translate the following sentences by using different phrases or structures.一、句子开头的变化1.使用非人物主语开头eg:She began to cry.(Tears)Tears came to her eyes.eg:I like listening to music.(appeal)Music appeals to me.本讲稿第二十三页，共三十九页 2.使用非主语成份开头eg:The boy was kind and honest,and he was elected monitor.（形容词作状语）Kind and honest,the boy was elected monitor.eg:Many experts who come from all over the world are present at the meeting.(形容词置于句首倒装)Present at the meeting were many experts who come from all over the world.本讲稿第二十四页，共三十九页二、词语表达方式的变化n1.Ill thank you if you think about my application.(appreciate)I will appreciate it that if you take my application into consideration.n2.Well try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.(spare)Well spare no effort to promote the traditional friendship between us.本讲稿第二十五页，共三十九页三、语法结构的变化n1.We should make efforts to reduce air pollution.（被动语态）Efforts should be made to reduce air pollution.n2.He walked out of the lab and many students followed him.(过去分词/现在分词形式作状语)He walked out of the lab,followed by many students.He walked out of the lab,with many students following him.本讲稿第二十六页，共三十九页n3.We all know that parks are public places.（名词性从句；定语从句）As we all know,the parks are public places.As is known to all,the parks are public places.What is known to us is that the parks are public places.It is known to all that the parks are public places.本讲稿第二十七页，共三十九页4.Withtheteachershelp,IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.(强调句型；虚拟语气)。Without/butfortheteachershelp,IwouldnthavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.ItiswiththeteachershelpthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.5.这个地方值得参观。（一句多译）Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Theplaceisworthyofavisit.Theplaceisworthytobevisited.本讲稿第二十八页，共三十九页6.我刚走进房间电话铃就响了。（一句多译）As soon as I entered the room,my telephone rang.No sooner had I entered the room than my telephone ranHardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when my telephone rang.The moment/minute/instant I entered the room,my telephone rang.Immediately/Directly I entered the room,my telephone rang.On entering the room,I heard my telephone rang.本讲稿第二十九页，共三十九页四、主体和客体的变化四、主体和客体的变化eg:这家具花了我500美元。(用不同句型翻译)I paid 500 for the furniture.I bought the furniture for 500.I spent 500 on the furniture.I spent 500 in buying the furniture.The furniture cost me 500.It cost me 500 to buy the furniture.本讲稿第三十页，共三十九页五、动态和静态的变化1.他们经常参加那个博物馆。（visit;visitors）They are the frequent visitors to visit the museum.2.他幸福地笑了。（smile v.n）A happy smile is on his face.本讲稿第三十一页，共三十九页对比观点作文对比观点作文(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1.有一些人认为。有一些人认为。2.另一些人认为。另一些人认为。3.我的看法。我的看法。Thetopicof-(主题主题)hasarousedpublicconcern.Therearetwosidesofopinionsaboutit.SomepeoplesayAistheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereasonof-(支持支持A的理由一的理由一)Whatismore,-理由二理由二).Moreover,-(理由三理由三).WhileothersthinkthatBisabetterchoiceinthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,-(支持支持B的理由一的理由一).Secondly(besides),-(理由二理由二).Thirdly(finally),-(理由三理由三).Frommypointofview,Ithink-(我的观点我的观点).Thereasonisthat-(原因原因).Asamatteroffact,therearesomeotherreasonstoexplainmychoice.Forme,theformerissurelyawisechoice.本讲稿第三十二页，共三十九页解决方法题型解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1.问题现状问题现状 2.怎样解决怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点解决方案的优缺点)In recent days,we have to face a problem-,which is becoming increasingly serious.First,-(说明的现状说明的现状).Second,-(举例进一步说明现状举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with-,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,-(解决方法一解决方法一).For another-(解决方法二解决方法二).Finally,-(解决方法三解决方法三).Personally,I believe that-(我的解决方法我的解决方法).Consequently,Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because-(带来的好处带来的好处).本讲稿第三十三页，共三十九页 说明利弊题型说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利利或弊或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测或对事物前景提出预测)1.说明事物现状说明事物现状2.事物本身的优缺点事物本身的优缺点(或一方面或一方面)3.你对现状你对现状(或前景或前景)的看法的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally,its advantages can be seen as follows.First-(A的优点之一的优点之一).Besides-(A的优点之二的优点之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that-(A的第一个缺点的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,-(A的第二个缺点的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore,I would like to-(我的看法我的看法).From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A,we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,-(对前景的预测对前景的预测).)本讲稿第三十四页，共三十九页议论文的框架议论文的框架(1)不同观点列举型不同观点列举型(选择型选择型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目作文题目_.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一观点一_.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows:in the first place,_原因一原因一_.Furthermore,in the second place,_原因二原因二_.So it goes without saying that _观点一观点一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that _观点二观点二_.In their point of view,on the one hand，_原因一原因一_.On the other hand,_原因二原因二_.Therefore,thereis nodoubtthat _观点二观点二_.As far as I am concerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _观点一或二观点一或二_.Itis not only because _,but also because _.The more _,the more _.本讲稿第三十五页，共三十九页 联合国教科文组织某考察团正联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：1)大小：近大小：近100户人家，约户人家，约500口人。口人。2)变化：过去很穷，变化：过去很穷，78年后变年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。现已旧貌换新颜。3)教育：原来的学校很小，现教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。儿童在此免费就读。注意：注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。）要点齐全，前后连贯。2）词数：）词数：100-120之间。之间。Practice书面表达：书面表达：Ladiesandgentlemen,Welcometoourschool.Thisvillageisverysmall.Ithasnearly100familiesandabout500people.Itusedtobeverypoor.Ithaschangedalotsince1978.Peopleherearericherthanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook.Theschoolherewasverysmall.Nowithasbeenrebuilt.Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildinghas4storeys.Itisthemostbeautifulbuildinginthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Theyenjoyfreeeducationinit.Thankyou.本讲稿第三十六页，共三十九页Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our school!Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our school!This village is very small.It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people.It used to be very poor.It has changed a lot since 1978.People here are richer than before.Now it is taking on a new look.This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people.It used to be very poor.However,ithaschangedalotsince1978 and has been developing very fast.Peopleherelive a much better lifethanbefore.Nowitistaking onanewlook.本讲稿第三十七页，共三十九页 Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmall.Nowithasbeenrebuilt.Thenewlybuiltteachingbuildinghas4storeys.Itisthemostbeautifulbuildinginthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Theyenjoyfreeeducationinit.Thankyou.Inthepast,theschoolherewasverysmalland most children couldnt afford to go to school.Butnowithasbeenrebuiltand which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful oneinthevillage.Alltheschool-agechildrencanstudyhere.Whats more,theyenjoyfreeeducation.May you enjoy your stay here.thenewlybuiltteachingbuilding/May you have a pleasant time here!Thankyou.本讲稿第三十八页，共三十九页Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our school!This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people.It used to be very poor.However,it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast.People here live a much better life than before.Now it is taking on a new look.In the past,the school here was very small and most children couldnt afford to go to school.But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful onein the village.All the school-age children can study here.Whats more,they enjoy free education.May you enjoy your stay here.Thank you.本讲稿第三十九页，共三十九页