Unit5 被动语态总结单归纳版--人教版九年级英语全册.docx

被动语态英语语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的发出者，被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。a. 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。 巧记为：主动、主动、主去动I eat an apple every day .b. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 巧记为：被动、被动、主被动An apple is eaten by me every day . 被动语态结构 ：主语 + be (各种形式) + Vt p.p + by + 人/组织（动作发出者） + with + 物（工具，钥匙，刀） 房间每天被妈妈打扫 The room is cleaned by my mum every day . 房间昨天被妈妈打扫过了 The room was cleaned by my mum yesterday.瓶子里装满了水 The bottle is filled with water . 门被Coco用钥匙打开了 The door was opened by Coco with her key .苹果被刀切了 The apple is cut with a knife .被动语态的使用场合1. 强调动作的对象eg: She was made our monitor. 她被选为我们的班长。2. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 eg: My bike was stolen. eg: The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。 3. 动作的发出者不言而喻 eg: English is widely spoken.英语被广泛使用。 各种时态的被动语态：be动词变化 主动语态变被动语态 ：时态不变，宾语变主语 一般现在时 is / am / are + V p.p eg : Jack waters flowers every day . Jack 每天浇花 Flowers are watered by Jack every day . 花每天被Jack浇现在进行时 is / am / are + being + V p.p eg : He is beating his son . 他正在打他儿子。 His son is being beaten by him . 他儿子正在被他打。现在完成时 have / has been + V p.p eg : They have eaten 5 apples . 他们已经吃了5个苹果了 5 apples have been eaten by them . 已经有5个苹果被他们吃了一般将来时 will / shall be + V p.p eg : My father will paint the house . 我爸爸将会刷房子 The house will be painted by my father . 房子将会被我爸爸粉刷一般过去时 was / were + V p.p eg : He cleaned the window yesterday . 他昨天擦了窗户 The window was cleaned by him yesterday . 窗户昨天被他擦了过去进行时 was / were being V p.p eg : They were painting the wall at that time . 他们那时正在刷墙 The wall was being painted by them at that time . 墙那时正在被他们刷过去完成时 had been + V p.p eg : The police had caught the thief before last Tuesday .警察上周二前抓住了小偷 The thief had been caught before last Tuesday . 小偷上周二前就被抓住了含有情态动词 （情态动词+be + V p.p ） eg : We can see some trees . 我们能看见一些树 Some trees can be seen by us . 一些树能被我们看见含有双宾语动词：有2个宾语就有2个被动语态 e.g : My mother bought me a new dress . 主语 谓语 宾语1 宾语2 人 ： I was bought a new dress by my mother . 物 ： A new dress was bought for me by my mother . 必须加 eg： He passed me a book . 主语 谓语 宾语1 宾语2 人 ： I was passed a book by him . 物 ： A book was passed to me by him . 含有宾语补足语eg： He asked me to do homework . 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I was asked to do homework by him . 使役动词及感官动词的被动语态：make，have，see， watch，notice，hear等，要将to还原。（主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来）eg：My mum made me clean the room. I was made to clean the room by my mum. eg：I saw him cry . He was seen to cry by me . eg: My sister watched the thief enter the house . The thief was watched to enter the house by my sister . 不能变被动语态的词有 ：1.不及物动词没有被动语态: happen, take place, last(持续）, arrive, die, begin，cometrue,run out，come out等eg: Sherry cried yesterday . eg：The war took place in 1945.2. 系动词和sound,look,smell,taste,feel,seem等感官系动词没有被动语态。eg: The idea sounds good. The fish smells bad.3.表示静态的动词没有被动语态：have，own, belong to, fit, suit, costeg: I have a bike. eg: The shirt fits him well. eg: Taiwan belongs to China.被动语态中的特殊情况1. 有些词用作不及物动词时表示主语的某种特点，属性。如：sell, wash, clean, wear, cook, cut 等。此时一般用主动语态表示被动的意义。常与well，easily，quickly等副词连用。 eg：The shirt will wear long。这衬衫耐穿。 eg：This book sells well. 这本书卖得好。eg：The knife cuts well. 这把刀很好用。 2.有些 beadj.to do结构中的动词不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义eg: The book is difficult to understand.eg: The job is hard to do. 3.主动形式表示被动意义：不定式用于某些动词（have, get, have got）的宾语后做定语时，不定式的逻辑主语就是句子主语的主语。eg: I have some clothes to wash.eg: He has got a letter to send.区别：eg: I have something to type. 我要打点东西（自己打）。eg: I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打（让别人打）。 4.be worth (值得）后用ving形式表被动eg: The book is worth reading. 5. need, want, require后用ving表被动eg: The flowers need watering. 6. The shop opens at 8:00PM. 这个商店8:00开门（表状态，不可变被动）The picture hangs on the wall. 图片悬挂在墙上。 7. 固定短语搭配无被动watch TV , play basketball , play the pianoEg: TV is watched by us. (错） 8.短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。eg: We must take good care of the old.The old must be taken good care of. 9. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变成被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的形式主语，真正的主语从句放在句子后面；也可以采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等。eg: People believe that he is ill. It is believed that he is ill. （it作为被动结构的形式主语） He is believed to be ill.被 动 语 态 练 习一、 把下列句子从主动语态改成被动语态1. Mr. Green cleans his room every day.2. The children have eaten the cake.3. Linda wrote that letter last night.4. Ms. Bond will teach our class next term.5. They are repairing the car in the garage.6. They are making this type of radios in Shanghai.7. A student bought my old car.8. They wont hold the meeting until next Friday.9. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.10. Everyone knows this fact very well.11. You must finish the work by seven oclock.12. They are repairing my piano at the moment.13. They gave him a medal（奖牌） for his wonderful work.14. He ordered his mother a big cake.15. The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he give her medicine.16. They made the young head of the volleyball team.17. Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination.18. They had to put off the sports meet because of the rain.19. Someone saw him pick up the gun.20.They heard her singing a song in her room. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司