高考英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句难点精讲.docx

高考英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句难点精讲简明概述：名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组/成分。由于它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句（总称）又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。引导名词性从句的连接词重点概括如下：1. 连接词：that, whether, if （只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不作任何成分）注：that-从句作主语时，常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语，而将that-从句放在句末，避免头重脚轻。1. It is necessary (a.) that 2. It is known -ed分词 that 3. It is a pity (n.) that 4. It seems (vi.) that 2. 连接代词：what (whatever), who (whoever), whom, whose, which (whichever)3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how注：连接代词和连接副词作主语时，也常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语。例句：It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study.It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.注（1）：引导主语从句的连接词不可省略例句：That the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.注（2）：引导同位语从句的连接词不可省略例句：We worried about the forecast that there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities（一线城市）in the following three years.注（3）：表示“是否”的时候，只用whether不用if的情况1. 后有“or not”例句：It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the standard of peoples lives or not.2. 引导表语从句例句：The keynote is whether childrens safety can be guaranteed.3. 引导主语从句并在句首例句：Whether the experiment could be conducted (or not) remained unknown to the students.4. 作介词宾语例句：The child is fearful of whether another war will break out at any moment.六、倒装简明概述：倒装句由全部倒装和部分倒装组成。全部倒装是把句中的谓语部分全部挪到主语前面，时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时；部分倒装则是将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词倒装于主语之前。如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需要我们帮助补充助动词，如do，does，did，并将它们放在主语的前面。全部倒装（时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时）：A.句中如有副词here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, etc.位于句首，谓语动词为come, go, be, stand, fall, lie, etc.典型例句：Away ran the child.There lives a tiger.Here is your money.B. 表示方位/运动方向的副词（如in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.）位于句首，谓语表示运动的动词（如come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc.）。例句：Away swam a whale.C. 地点状语位于句首例句：Under the tree rested an old lady.D. There be  句型例句：There is（注意主谓一致）a radio, two television sets and ten chairs in this room.There are many TV programs in prime time（黄金时间段）.注：全部倒装只有在主语是名词的前提下才能全部倒装，如果主语是人称代词则不能全部倒装。对比例句：Away ran the child.       Away he ran.There lives a tiger.        There it lives.部分倒装：A. 句首有否定或半否定的词语（注：如果否定词不在句首，则不需要倒装），Eg: No, Not, None, Nobody, Nowhere, Never, Little, Few, Seldom, Hardly, At no time, In no way, Not until, Not onlybut also, Hardlywhen, Scarcelywhen, No soonerthan, etc.例句：Nowhere can you find a place better than your home.In no way could you destroy the incontrovertible evidence.At no time can a country use force towards a vulnerable group.Never have I scolded my child even if he has made any mistakes.重点：Not until总结：主句倒装，从句不倒装；否定词不在句首不需倒装例句对比：Not until that time（名词短语）did I know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation.= I didnt know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation until that time.Not until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation（从句）did his father go abroad on business.= The father didnt go abroad on business until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation.重点：Not only but also1.Not only A but also B，若A和B是名词性短语，则不需要倒装例句：Not only students but also teachers should keep studying continuously and absorb new knowledge to broaden their minds.2.Not only A but also B，若A和B都是分句的话，则A倒装，B不倒装。对比例句：Not only should we reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.We should not only reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.重点：Hardlywhen; Scarcelywhen; No soonerthan对比例句（注意时态：前过完后过去时）：Hardly had I left home when my dog barked.I had hardly left home when my dog barked.Scarcely had we gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.We had scarcely gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.No sooner had the Chairman declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.The Chairman had no sooner declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.B.Only 位于句首要部分倒装1.Only by this means/in this way（短语）can you notice the importance of efficient study methods.2.Only after making the same mistake twice（从句）will he learn a lesson.（主句部分倒装，从句不倒装）C. Sothat句型中若so位于句首，则需要部分倒装例句：So angry was the boy that he decided to break off friendly relations with his friends（断绝友谊）.D. May在表示祝愿的句子中位于句首，要部分倒装例句：May God bless you!May this transportation handbook help you to travel in Singapore.E. 虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有were，should，had，就需要部分倒装。将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。学科网（北京）股份有限公司