虚拟语气语法讲义02虚拟语气5种固定句式结构搭配总结- 高中英语语法复习.docx

高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义【精讲版·全国通用】虚拟语气5种固定句式结构搭配总结would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的格式 would rather后的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如：Id rather have left yesterday. 昨天我本来宁愿离开的。Id rather you went tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。I would rather you didn't mention the price. 我愿意你别提价钱。Its time后的定语从句用虚拟语气的格式 Its time后的定语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：Its time we ordered dinner. 现在该叫菜了。Its time that he studied hard.=Its time that he should study hard. 他学习该用功了。注：time前有时有about和high修饰。如：Its high time you bought a new car. 你该买辆新车了。另外，与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用was时而用were。如：Its time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)as if / as though 从句用虚拟语气的格式 以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。如：I love you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像你是我的儿子。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当把一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时, 它看起来好像折断了似的。注：有时虚拟语气并不明显(特别是主句动词为过去时时)。如：He paused as though he found a difficulty. 他停了下来，仿佛遇到什么困难似的。若从句所表示的内容为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。如：It seemed as though he didn't recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。在现代英语中，有时即使从句内容不是事实，也可能用陈述语气：I feel as if as though Im floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中。The stuffed dog barked as if it is were, was a real one. 玩具狗叫起来像真狗。另外，注意 It isnt as if的翻译。如：It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。It isnt as if you were going away for good. 又不是你离开不回来了。if only后接句子用虚拟语气的格式 if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如：If only he were was alive. 要是他还活着就好了。If only he could arrive in time. 要是他能及时赶来就好了!If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是听了你的劝告就好了!If only I were (was) not so nervous now. 要是我现在不那么紧张就好了。注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。另外，其后的句子有时也可用陈述语气。如：If only he comes. 要是他能来就好了。If only he gets the job, it will make a great deal of difference. 他只要能得到这份工作，情况就大不相同了。wish后接宾语从句的虚拟语气格式 wish 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气：若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have+过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。如：I wish we had a car. 要是我们有一辆车多好啊。I wish she were not married. 我真希望她没结婚。He wished he hadn't done it. 他希望他没做过这事。I wish you would imitate your brother a little more.我希望你多学学你的兄弟。