语法总复习之名词讲义 高三英语二轮复习.doc

二轮复习：语法总复习之名词1. 定义：用来表示人、事物、地点、时间、事件及抽象概念的统一名称。例如：Annie, meeting, school, weekend.这些都是名词哦。2.分类：按照是否可数，分为可数名词和不可数名词。1）可数名词：可以直接用数目进行计数的名词。单数：表示一个. （eg: a book) 复数：表示两个及两个以上. (eg: two books)2）不可数名词：不可以用数目来计算记忆口诀：粉纸肉与（雨）液抽膏粉状物：flour, bread, sand,sugar 纸：paper 肉类：meat雨等自然界事物：rain 液体：juice, water, oil, sauce抽象事物：beauty，traffic 膏状物：chocolate,cheese,ice-cream3. 可数名词变复数1）规则变化一般在词末尾加 “s”eg：eggeggs, appleapples, orangeoranges以“s/ x/ ch/ sh”结尾的名词，词尾加“es”eg：busbuses, boxboxes, watchwatches, brushbrushes.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，词尾加 “s”eg：boyboys, daydays以”辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，先变y为i再加“es”eg：dictionarydictionaries; library-libraries.以f或者fe结尾的单词，将f或者fe变为v，再加“es”eg：knife-knives; wife-wives.以o结尾的名词-若为有生命的词加 “es” Negro黑人，hero英雄，potato土豆, tomato西红柿总结为：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。-若为无生命的词加 “s” eg：photophotos；zoozoos; radioradios2）不规则变化英法男女和警察，末尾元音a 变 eman-men, woman-women Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen policeman-policemen牙脚 oo 变 ee, goose 也是一样滴goose geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet小孩末加-ren child-children中日绵羊鹿不变Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer 国人的复数：中日不变，英法变，其余S加后面4. 修饰可数名词的词5. 既可以当可数名词，又可以当不可数名词6. 复合名词的复数1）当一个名词修饰另外一个名词时，变复数只在最后一个名词后+sEg： an apple tree ten apple trees2) 名词man/woman修饰另一个名词，变复数时两个一起变。Eg: a man teacherten men teachersa woman nurseten women nurses7. 不可数名词量化: a/an/数词 +量词+不可数名词一瓶牛奶 a bottle of milk两杯茶 two cups of tea三袋米 three bags of rice四张纸 four pieces of paperThree bottles of water are enough.(如果量词用的是复数，注意谓语动词也要变成复数哒）8. 名词所有格啥是名词所有格？中文：“.的”英文：'s 和 of1) s 所有格 所有格中最常见的形式，一般情况下在名词词尾加sJims friend 吉姆的朋友the boy's book 那个男孩的书 以-s 或-es 结尾的复数名词直接在其后加my parents hometown 我父母的家乡heroes name 英雄们的名字 复合名词在词尾加sthe grown-ups education 成年人的教育 表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面通常不出现它所修饰的名词the barbers 理发店to Toms 去汤姆家 用 and 连接的并列名词所有格Tom's and Jim's rooms 汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间Tom and Jim's room 汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间2）of 所有格of+名词一般来说，'s 所有格多用于有生命的东西，of 所有格多用于无生命的东西。the windows of the room 房间的窗 the gate of the park 公园的大门3）双重所有格of+名词性物主代词a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一个朋友（众多朋友中的一个）词汇积累：1.a great drain on sth. 对巨大的消耗2.account for 说明，解释，占比例3.accuseof 指控，谴责4.act as 担任;充当5.adapt() to 使适应6.add to 增添7.add up to 合计达8.adjust() to (使)适应9.admit to / into 准许进入10.agree on 就取得一致11.agree to 同意某人观点、意见12.agree with 同意的意见；适合13.ahead of time/ schedule 提前14.aim at 瞄准，争取15.appeal to 呼吁；吸引16.apply for 申请17.apply to 把应用于；贴、敷、涂18.approve of 赞成19.as a matter of fact 事实上20.as a result 作为结果；因此21.as a whole 作为整体，就整体来看22.as far as 就而言，远到，到程度（表示程度，范围）23.as usual 照常24.ask a favor of 请帮个忙25.ask about 查问，打听26.ask after 问候27.associate A with B 把A和B 联系起来28.assureof 向保证29.at a loss 茫然不知所措30.at all costs/ at any cost 不惜一切代价31.at first sight 乍一看32.at one time 一度33.at present 现在，目前34.at the cost of 以为代价35.at the mercy of 任由摆布36.at the moment 此刻，目前；那时，当时37.at the risk of ones life 冒着生命危险38.at times 有时39.attach() to 把依附于40.attach importance to 重视41.award sb. sth 授予某人某物42.baseon 把放在的基础上43.be absent from 缺席44.be absorbed in 全神贯注于45.be accustomed to doing 习惯于做46.be anxious about 担忧47.be aware of 意识到的48.be capable of 有能力49.be composed of 由组成50.be concerned about 关心51.be confident of 对有信心52.be considerate of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事考虑得周到53.be contrary to 与相反54.be curious about 对好奇55.be determined to do 下定决心做某事56.be down with 由于病倒了57.be engaged in 忙于做某事，参与做某事58.be equal to 与相等59.be exposed to 曝光于，接触60.be faced with 面对61.be familiar with 对熟悉62.be fed up with 对厌烦63.be fit for 适合64.be free from 没有的65.be grateful/thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人66.be ignorant of 对某事一无所知67.be in favour of 支持（赞成）68.be independent of 独立于69.be infected with 受感染70.be inferior to 较低于，与相比不如71.be involved in 卷入，参与72.be located (in) 坐落（在）73.be lost in thought 陷入沉思74.be of good/poor quality 质量好/差75.be on a diet 节食76.be opposed to doing 强烈反对做某事77.be particular about 对挑剔78.be popular with/among 受某人欢迎79.be present at 出席，在场80.be qualified for 可胜任81.be related to 与相关82.be resistant to 对有抵抗能力83.be responsible for 对负责任84.be satisfied with 对感到满意85.be second to none 第一，不次于任何人86.be short of 缺乏87.be similar to 与相似88.be strict with 对严格学科网（北京）股份有限公司