高考英语语法解析之状语从句.docx

高考英语语法讲解时间状语从句1、时间状语从句可由when，whenever， while，before，after，until，till，since，now that，once，as soon as等连词引起：Lets wait until(till)the rain stops等雨停了再说。She comes to talk to me whenever she feels lonely每当她感到寂寞时就来和我聊天。As I talked，I gained some confidence我一面谈着一面增强了信心。Now that I have come back,I want to help you both现在既然我回来了，我要帮助你们两人。Once the train is moving，there is no way to stop it一旦火车开动了就没法址它停下来。2、由every time，the moment等词引起的从句也可以用作状语Every time I catch a cold，I have pain in my back每回伤风我的背就疼。Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage她一在台上出现就响起暴风雨般的掌声。He had impressed me that way the first time I met him我第一次碰到他时，他就给我这个印象。Be sure to call on us next time you come to town下次进城你一定来找我们。3、instantly，immediately，directly等词也可引起时间状语从句The machine will start instantly you press the button你一按电钮机器就会开动。Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading your report我看完你的报告立即给你答复。Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.他一说出这些话，大家立刻沉默下来。方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。1） as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2） as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛似的"，"好像似的"，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。1) 比较：so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。so foolish                        such a foolso nice a flower               such a nice flowerso many / few flowers      such nice flowersso much / little money.     such rapid progressso many people               such a lot of people（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）2) sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. ifD. or答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.英语原因状语从句原因状语从句表原因， 以下逐一介绍高考中常见的原因状语从句的引导词：1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。注意： “not . because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句， 例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。例如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。注意： seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。例如： Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there's no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们， 我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。/ Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了， 就不应该依靠你的父母了。/ Considering (that) everybody is here, let's begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了， 我们就开始讨论吧。/ In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病， 他觉得做不了那件事。3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”， 语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。例如： As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽车。/ As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你最好休息一下。/ I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因为我筋疲力尽了。4. for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。例如： He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。考题1 _ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999)A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as答案 A解析 主句与从句之间存在因果关系， 且“you've got a chance”表示一个显而易见的原因， 因此应选用表原因的now that。考题2 He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)A. and B. for C. but D. or答案 B解析 “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。考题3 A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)A. so B. but C. and D. for答案 D解析 下划线处之后的句子补充说明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因， 应选用for表原因。学科网（北京）股份有限公司