中考英语语法：“the 形容词”的四种类型及语法特征.docx

初中英语语法：“the+形容词”的四种类型及语法特征一、该结构的四种类型1. the + 形容词表示某一类型的人He set up a school for the deaf and the dumb. 他创建了一所聋哑学校。He stole from the rich to give to the poor. 他偷富人的东西去接济穷人。Those of us who are sighted dont understand the problems of the blind. 我们这些有视力的人不理解盲人的困难。这类结构常见的有：the rich 富人         the poor 穷人           the blind 盲人the sick 病人         the old 老人             the young 年轻人the dumb 哑巴       the deaf 聋子           the dead 死者 the weak 弱者        the strong 强者         the wealthy 富人the jobless 失业者2. the + 分词形容词表示某一类型的人Times are hard for the unemployed. 失业者的日子很难熬。Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital. 许多伤员死在去医院的途中了。这类结构常见的有：the wounded 伤员                       the injured 伤员the killed 被杀者                         the employed 被雇用者the unemployed 失业者               the accused 被告the learned 有学问的人               the aged 老年人the missing 失踪的人                  the living 活着的人3. the + 国籍形容词表示全体国民The Chinese are a friendly people. 中华民族是一个友善的民族。The French are famous for their cooking. 法国人以善烹调著称。The British are very proud of their sense of humor. 英国人为自己的幽默感到自豪。这类结构常见的有：the British 英国人      the English 英国人    the French 法国人the Chinese 中国人     the Japanese 日本人4. the + 形容词表示抽象概念One must learn to take the bad with the good. 人必须学会好坏都能承受。He wants to make the impossible possible. 他想把不可能的事成为可能。这类结构常见的有：the true 真            the good 善           the beautiful 美the right 是           the wrong 非        the false 伪the impossible 不可能做到的事          the unknown 未知的事物二、该结构的四个语法特性1. 复数性“the+形容词”表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时，通常表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。如：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。2. 单数性“the+形容词”若表示抽象概念，则表示单数意义，用作主语时，谓语要用单数。如：He doesnt know the right from the wrong. 他不辨是非。The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善，善未必是真。3. 单复性有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)4. 习惯性(1) 有的表达带有一定的习惯性，如“病人”习惯说成 the sick，而不说 the ill。(2) 这类结构习惯上不用于-s 所有格形式，若语义需要，可考虑用 of 所有格。如：正：He is interested in the problems of the poor. 他对穷人的问题感兴趣。误：He is interested in the poors problems.三、省略冠词的四种特例“the + 形容词”这类结构中的定冠词通常不能省略，但是以下几种情况是例外：1. 受数量词语修饰时省略定冠词即其中的形容词受到表示数量的词以及 many, more 等修饰时，定冠词通常省略。如：Many sick are well cared for in hospitals. 许多病人在医院受到良好的照顾。There are more unemployed than ever before. 现在失业的人比以往任何时候都多。2. 用于对称结构时省略定冠词即用 and 或 or 连接成对称结构时，通常省略定冠词。如：There are opportunities for both rich and poor. 穷人和富人都有机会。Good and bad alike admired the baseball heroes. 不分好人和坏人，大家都钦佩那些棒球英雄。3. 用于并列结构时省略定冠词对于两个由and 或 or 连接成的非对称结构，有时可将后面一个形容词前的定冠词省略(也可以不省略)。如：It was said that the hospital was full of the sick and (the) wounded. 据说医院里挤满了伤病员。We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. 我们把伤亡者抬出了战场。4. 个别结构习惯上可省略冠词在现代英语中，有个别的“the+形容词”结构在单独使用时也可省略冠词。如：The number of unemployed is rising all the time. 失业人数在不断上升。学科网（北京）股份有限公司