虚拟语气语法讲义11哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气- 高考英语语法复习.docx

高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义11【精讲版·全国通用】哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气 请看下面的有关考题：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules.A. obeys                        B. obey                         C. will obey                        D. would obey此题应选 B。一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：2. insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”，从句多指尚未实现的想法，谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语用陈述语气：I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。2. suggest表示“建议”，其后接that从句，一般要用虚拟误气; 若表示“暗示”、“表明”，则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气：She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。 insist 后的从句用什么语气 insist 后的从句一定要用虚拟语气吗? 请看下面的这道题：The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done, should be                        B. should do, should beC. had done, had been                        D. should do, had been【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）请再做下面一题：The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent                               B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent                        D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent答案选 B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语式 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形。如：I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。注：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与 wish 的时态无关，比较：I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式 请看下面一题：I wish you _ him my telephone number，but you did.A. didnt give                        B. hadnt given                        C. wouldnt give                         D. shouldnt give此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时，谓语有三种可能：1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去时：I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时：How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用could / would+ / might+动词原形：I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。类似地，以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似，以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之，含义大致相同。(2) as if / though (好像)：She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱这孩子，就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)