应用文写作技巧1-上海市高三英语写作专项提升素材.docx

应用文的写作考查要点： 高考书面表达的应用文包括的内容很广，主要是书信、通知、日记等。应用文的特点： （1）有明确特定的读者对象。 （2）有比较固定的格式。根据不同的写作内容和任务，不同的应用文有不同的、相对稳定的格式和行文方式。 课堂精讲一、 普通信件的写作普通信件的格式：信头（Heading）指发信人的单位名称、地址、发信日期。考试时候不要求写出。格式：从信纸的上部中央往右写，第一行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号码、街名，第三行写市名、省名、国名，第四行写发信日期。学生写信时第一行写班级名称，第二行写学校名称，第三行写市、省名，第五行写国家名称，第六行写发信日期。国内信件国名可以不写。称呼（Salutation）信内地址下隔一二行写称呼，其左要与信内地址第一行对齐。对不相识的男子，单数常用 “Sir”, “Dear Sir”, 或 “My Dear Sir”；复数常用 “Dear Sirs” 或“Gentlemen”。 对女子，单数常用 “Madam”，“Dear Madam”或“My Dear Madam”；复数常用“Mesdames”或 “My Dear Mesdames”；对比较熟识的男子，普通称 “Dear Mr. ”; 女性通常称“Dear Mrs. (或Miss)”。熟人和亲人常直呼其名，不用姓氏（以 “Dear”为例）：1)“Dear David”；2)“My dear David”；3)“My David” 4)“My dearest David”；5)“My Dearest”；6)“Darling David”；7)“My Darling”；8）“My very own darling”等。有头衔的可把头衔写放在名字前，如“Prof Wang”， “Dr Lin”等。正文（Body of Letter）称呼下面隔两行开始写正文。每段第一个字母要缩进3至5个字母的空格。正文是信的主要部分，内容要简单明了。结束语（Complimentary Close）结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二三行处，从中间写起，第一个开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。给不相识的人可用：“Yours truly”或“Truly yours”“Yours faithfully”或“Faithfully yours”“Yours Sincerely”或“Sincerely yours”给上级或长者可用：“Yours respectfully” 或 “Respectfully yours”“Yours obediently”或 “Obediently yours”“Yours”, “Yours ever”, “Ever yours”, “Yours as ever”或 “Yours sincerely”给亲属或挚友的信可用：“Yours affectionately”, “Lovingly Yours”, “Your loving son(child, sister)”, 或”Yours devoted friend”等。结束语末尾要用逗号。签名（Signature）即写信人署名。一般情况下，把本人姓名签在结束语之下。假设你是一位动物保护主义者，你听说你的一位好友最近买了一件皮草大衣，写信给她， 谈谈你的看法。Dear Andy,We havent met each other for a long time since the party last month. Yesterday Sandy told me that you had bought an expensive fur coat. How luxurious you are! However, as a volunteer of animal protection, I have to remind you that its not suitable for you to buy fur coats.Have you seen the picture in which cruelty has been done to those poor and innocent animals?Men took their lives just because their fur is precious and expensive. They transformed the bloody fur into beautiful coats and hung them on the hooks in clean shops. And if we buy those coats, we are the real criminals that killed all these animals. You dont want to kill these animals, do you? You are not willing to face a world with only one kind of inhabitants, are you? Then stop buying these clothes! Stop wearing our natural friends fur! For the sake of our friends, for the sake of our balanced nature, for the sake of our earth, for the sake of ourselves, never do that!I believe you will follow my advice. Im looking forward to your reply. Best wishes, Black二、 申请信的写作申请信一般包括：申请原因、具备条件、恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，表示谢意，期盼回复。具体为：  第一段引入事件，说明写信目的。  第二段介绍关于自己的一些具体内容。  第三段提出请求，表示感谢盼复。你叫李红，你校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。你有意申请，写封信说明你申请的理由。Mr. Headaster, I am Li Hong, a student in Senior Three. Knowing that some exchange students will visit our school and stay in some of our homes for two weeks, Id like to cherish the golden chance. Sharing my interests with an exchange student is in the first place. My hobbies range from collecting stamps to listening to pop songs, from calligraphy to chatting on line. I want to share all the interests with the student. I am sure the student will be fond of them. I bet we will have a lot in common. Moreover, my family will take the students to go sightseeing in Shanghai. I bet the student, never being in Shanghai before, will be surprised at the great changes in our hometown. H must be deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery along the Bund. And some magnetic line, the Yu Garden, will compose the wonderful trip plan for our exchange student. Last but not least, we have a spacious apartment. The student can have his own room, where he can make himself at home. I am looking forward to receiving the reply soon. Sincerely yours, Li Hong课堂精练1. 假设你是丽华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你根据以下内容给主编写封信，要点包括：（1） 说明你是该报的忠实读者；（2）赞赏该报有点：兼顾国内外新闻；介绍名人成功故事；（3）提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章。注意：（1）词数不少于120。开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Editor-in-Chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror.【参考作文】：Dear Editor-in-Chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror.I am one of Global Mirrors fans, and Im writing to tell you about some of my thinking.Global Mirror is a great newspaper that has lots of advantages. On the one hand, not only does it report news in our homeland, but it also shows me what happened in foreign countries. Its really convenient for me to learn events which happened in the world. On the other hand, it provides me with stories of people who are successful. And I should say these stories widen my horizon greatly. In addition, what I also want to say is that, it may be nice of you to add some articles which teach students how to learn English well.Thanks a lot, and I hope that Global Mirror will attract more reader in the future.Sincerely,Li Hua2. 某海外学校举办英语夏令营，开设了如下课程与：园艺（gardening），烹饪(cooking)，防身术(self-defense)，护理(nursing)，假如你是王跃华，请写一份申请信，报名参加其中一门课程与的学习。信的内容必须包括：1 你感兴趣的原因。2 你期望从这么课程中学到什么。3 为什么想学这么课程。注意：120个词左右。【参考作文】：Dear Sirs,Im Wang Yuehua. I am applying for the chance to have lessons in the English summer camp to be sponsored by your school. Among the four courses, Im interested in nursing most.I have learned something about nursing before, and I think it very useful. Ive wondered how the nurses take care of the patients, make them comfortable and release their pains. Thats a great job in my eyes. Therefore, I hope to learn more about nursing and put it to use in my daily life. On one hand, Ill use my knowledge to deal with sudden affairs, such as traffic accidents, burning and other injuries. On the other hand, I can help my own family. The more I know about nursing, the more work I can do for my family, especially when there is one who doesnt feel well.Whats more, its a good opportunity to improve my English. Ill introduce to foreigners the Chinese theory about nursing. Actually, China has a long history of nursing.Im looking forward to your reply. Yours, Wang Yuehua三、 投诉信的写作投诉信一般包含下列信息：（因各类信函都包含信件启首与信件结尾的常用语及与签名，这些信息在此从略）1. 写信人的姓名2. 作者的身份3. 表述抱怨内容4. 提出抱怨内容的核心点5. 抱怨内容的具体方面6. 客观的评论8. 抱怨内容产生的原因9. 总结所抱怨事情有改进空间10. 表达本人的愿望注意：（1）表述抱怨内容，客观真实地表示对此事的感受；（2）有策略地要求对方做出解释，并提出本人对此事的建议；（3）巧妙地警告对方。1. 假设你是Robert White，你买的洗衣机需要修理，但该公司专业维修人员四次上门服务之后才修好：第一次找出了问题所在，后面两次上门的维修人员却拿错了配件，直到第一个维修人员第四次上门才安装好配件，但维修部却要求你偿付四次上门服务的费用。请你写一份投诉信。 Dear Sir, Im writing to complain about the service offered by your company.I told your service department on November 21 that my washing machine needed repairing. Your service engineers have since been here four times-on December 11, December 11, December 25 and January 5. The problem was found out on the first visit and the wrong parts were brought by different engineers on the two next visits. The correct part was fitted by the first engineer on the fourth visit.In short, my complaints are: a. I had to wait three weeks for an engineer to call and nearly two months for the machine to be repaired. b. The engineers who called on December 19 and December 25 had been given wrong information by the company, which made me take two half days off unnecessary. c. The first and fourth visits lasted a total of thirty minutes. But in the invoice, I have to pay for four visits of four hours work. I will not be paying the invoice for their mistakes and I do hope to receive your answers to these complaints. Yours, Robert White 6学科网（北京）股份有限公司