高中英语外刊写作表达 (10 组).docx
高中英语外刊写作表达 1. dim外刊原句:There is also a risk that, in the short term, cheap oil dims countries' ardour for solar power. Saudi Arabia, for example, might prefer to burn more oil for energy.也存在这样一个风险:从短期来看,廉价的石油降低了各国对于太阳能的热情。比如,沙特阿拉伯可能更偏向于燃烧石油来获取能源。用法讲解:dim是个四六级词汇,基本意思为暗淡的;变暗(vi)。由此衍生出的意思与人相关:(使)逐渐变弱(If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong)。在写作中可以用来描述某种情感或希望/前途。如:Their job prospects have dimmed as a result of the pandemic.受疫情影响,他们的工作前景变得惨淡。dim在这句话中是使动词(及物动词),如果变成不及物动词的话,那么这句话则可以改为cheap oil causes countries' ardour for solar power to dim .作不及物动词时,还可以替换成wane。这两个词意思很相似,都可表示某种情感减弱。如:His enthusiasm for learning English is waning/dimming.他学英语的热情逐渐下降。2. compare with外刊原句:But such projects are largely driven by the private sector, and they continue to compare favourably with fossil fuels.但是这类项目很大程度上是由私有部门带动的,并且它们与化石燃料相比会继续占有优势。【such projects在这里指代上文的solar projects,代表清洁能源】 用法讲解:单独的compare with表示与.差不多/类似。此时比较的对象A和B的程度是一样的。比如:The quality of English wines can now compare with(=rival) those from France.英国酒的质量现在可以与法国酒媲美了。【同义词】rival。表示与.水平相当,还有个很地道的表达:on a par with。比如本届奥运会中,中国和美国的金牌数差不多:China's gold medals are almost on a par with those won by the United States.在compare后面加上一个副词favourably/well:compare favourably/well with,表示与.相比更好,类似于be better than。其中favourably来源于形容词favourable(有利的),是个非常常用的写作词汇,如:a favourable learning environment有利的学习环境。如果要表示A不如B,则将favourably换成反义词unfavourably:compare unfavourably with。需要注意的是,不要将compare favourably with写成了compare favourably to。to用于短语compare A to B (将A比作B;将A与B作比较)中。3. stand in stark contrast to外刊原句:In Germany registrations were down by 61% and in France sales fell by 89%. That stands in stark contrast to China, where, according to a Volkswagen official, the car market has rebounded.德国的汽车上牌登记数量下降了61%,法国的汽车销量下降了89%。这种状况与中国形成鲜明的对比。据一名大众汽车高管称,中国的汽车市场已经在回升了。用法讲解:stand in stark contrast to表示与.构成鲜明的对比。stark表示鲜明的;非常明显的,与difference/contrast等词是常用搭配。结合上下两句可以推测出:第二句中的rebound与第一句中的be down/fall意思相反,表示回升。在这个短语当中,stand是个状态系动词,表示处于某种状态。功能上同be,连接主语和表语。类似的状态系动词还有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie。因此这个短语也可以改为be in stark contrast to。语法点睛:第二句中的代词that是个单数,指代的是第一句中的下降趋势(a downward trend),或者说一种情况(picture),而非两个具体的数值。4. a matter of debate外刊原句:The driving force behind these rising yields is a matter of debate. Higher bond yields can result from stronger economic-growth expectations, fiscal worries or higher inflation.这些收益率上升背后的驱动力存在争议。债券收益率的提高可能来自更强的经济增长预期、财政担忧或更高的通胀。用法讲解:a matter for debate表示具有争议的事情。其中,matter表示事情,for debate是一个后置定语。这个短语也可以写成a matter of debate。在作文的开头段引出要讨论的争议话题时,就可以使用这句话的句型:Sth has become/is a matter of debate.需要注意的是,既然主语是具有争议的话题,因此通常带有不确定性。比如我们一般不说Money is a matter of debate. 需要给money加上一些不确定的描述,比如:How to spend money wisely is a matter of debate.在这种句型当中,主语最常见的就是疑问词引导的名词从句,其中最常见的就是whether引导的名词从句,表示是否。如:Whether a significant amount of money should be spent on leisure is a matter of debate.是否应该在休闲上花很多钱存在争议。上面这个句子主语部分有些略长,也可以改为另一个句型:There is a heated/raging debate over whether a significant amount of money should be spent on leisure.5. derive from外刊原句:Much of the joy of suburban life derives from the houses and gardens that are more affordable there.郊区生活的快乐主要来源于那里更加便宜的房子和院子。用法讲解:derive from表示来源于。在写作中,比come from更加正式。再比如:Much of the book's appeal derives from the personality of its hero.这本书的吸引力主要来源于主人公的性格。在derive from当中,derive是个不及物动词。实际上,derive还可以作及物动词,表示从.当中获取。用作derive A from B。此时主语是人。比如:Many children derive pleasure from playing online games like Honor of Kings.很多小孩从打王者荣耀等网络游戏中获取快乐。试比较:products that are derived from animals和 products that derive from animals。我们会发现,前者读起来会更自然一些,因为products是人为制造的东西,因此使用be derived from可以很好地体现出主动获取这一动作特征。而外刊例句中的joy则是自然而生的感觉,没有主动获取这层意思,因此用的derive from。还有个常见词也可以表示来源于:originate。originate是origin的动词形式。【介词搭配】originate from/in。比如哲学中的一句话:All theories originate from/in practice and in turn serve practice.理论来源于实践,反过来又服务与实践。6. with no regard for外刊原句:Once inside, the customers walk absent-mindedly with no regard for the marked-out route, hunting for that paperback they heard about on the radio or something for the grandkids.一进入书店,顾客们就心不在焉地行走,根本不管标出的路线,寻找他们在收音机里听到的平装书或是给孙子们的东西。用法讲解:with no regard for表示不管,无视。也可以写成更为简洁的without regard for。其中,regard作为名词表示关注,考虑,相当于attention/consideration,是个非常正式的用法。如:Companies should show proper regard for their employees' health.公司应该适当关注员工的身体健康。【show regard for关注;考虑】without regard for这个短语在句子中作状语,通常放在谓语动作之后,如:Those who drive without regard for traffic rules should be punished.行驶时违反交通法规的人应该受到处罚。如果要用动词表示这个意思,则使用regard的反义词:disregard。上面的例句可以改为:Those who disregard traffic rules when driving should be punished.regard还有个很相似的固定短语:with regard to与.相关=concerning。如:laws with regard to food safety与食品安全相关的法律。7. turn a blind eye to外刊原句:Companies can no longer turn a blind eye to the issues that matter to their employees, their customers and the communities on which they do business.企业不能再无视那些对其员工、客户及其做生意的社区群体重要的问题了。用法讲解:这句话中有个单词必须掌握:matter。matter在这里作动词,表示重要。sth matters=sth is important。turn a blind eye to的意思通过字面意思就能猜到:对.视而不见。与ignore不同的是,turn a blind eye to一般带有逃避责任(evade responsibility)的意思。如:Schools should not turn a blind eye to students who smoke and drink.学校不应该不管那些抽烟喝酒的学生。turn a blind eye to还有个类似的短语:turn a deaf ear to对.不予理睬。比如:Teenagers often turn a deaf ear to their parents' advice.青少年常常不听取父母的建议。8. come at a cost外刊原句:This area contains by itself enough nickel and copper to meet global demand for several decades. Mining, whether on land or underwater, does come at an environmental cost, though.这个区域自身包含足够的镍和铜,足以满足全球几十年的需求。但是,无论是陆地上的还是水下的采矿,确实会对环境造成影响。用法讲解:though在这里是个副词,表示转折关系,经常放在句尾。这是个非正式用法,在外刊中经常出现,不过在正式书面语中不要使用。书面语中用however。助动词do(does)放在谓语动词前,起强调的作用,后面用动词原形。at a cost(of)是cost的常用短语,如:The plant closed at a cost of over 1,000 jobs.工厂关闭的代价就是,1000人丢了工作。come在这里表示发生。由于at a cost通常是作为状语,因此需要在前面加个谓语动词,即come at a cost。在写作当中写到事物的一个缺点/危害时,就可以用到这个句型:Sth comes at a cost.该句型前面经常会加一个转折词"However, /But",实现优缺点之间的过渡。可以在cost前面加上一个形容词,表示具体哪方面的缺点/危害。常用的有:对环境有害:come at an environmental cost.对社会有害:come at a social cost9. deem外刊原句:A series is deemed a success if it is renewed for another season.一部剧如果被续订了下一季,这部剧则被认为是成功的。用法讲解:deem表示认为.。这是一个六级词汇,但是同学们在写作中很少用到这个词。实际上这是一个非常漂亮的写作词汇。deem可以视为consider的"高级"同义替换,用法和consider很类似,一般用作主谓语宾补结构,主要有两种用法:deem sth (to be) sth。在这句话当中,deemed和a success中间相当于省略了to be。再比如:The smartphone is deemed a necessity in people's daily.手机被认为是人们生活中的必需品。deem sth adj。 如果sth是个动词或动词短语,则使用it作形式宾语,实际的宾语置后,即deem it+adj+to do。如:It is deemed important to speak and write English correctly.这两种用法都经常用于被动语态be deemed n/adj。虽然deem表示认为,但是sb deem that.这种用法却不常见。10. creep into外刊原句:Chipmaking is a cycling business which has been enjoying strong growth for decades as computers creep into every corner of society.芯片制造业是一个循环型行业。几十年来,随着计算机逐渐进入社会的各个角落,该行业一直保持着强劲的增长。用法讲解:creep的本义是非常缓慢地行进,衍生义为逐渐影响/改变(to gradually start to affect and change something)。通常用作creep into sth。这个动作的主语既可以是实体的东西,比如上面的computers;也可以是抽象的事物,如:With the advent of artificial intelligence, a sense of unease is creeping into the labour market.随着人工智能的到来,一种忧虑感正在逐渐影响劳动力市场。creep into every corner of (modern) society这个表达可以进行适当改写,如creep into every aspect of people's life。在引入生活或社会中普遍的事物时,就可以套用这些表达:The internet has crept into every aspect of people's life, from online shopping to digital learning to ride-hailing.互联网已经逐渐进入人们生活的方方面面,比如在线购物、在线学习、网约车等等。5学科网(北京)股份有限公司