Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseIntroduction同步课时作业--高二英语外研版选修八.docx

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary二英语外研版选修八同步课时作业一、填空1.用适当的介词或副词填空1.After two hours' delay, the plane began to take _.2.The cars slowed _as they passed Customs.3.One witness_ the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.4.Since entry into high school the students have been accustomed_ staying up late in the evening and getting up early in the morning.5.Nobody has ever set foot _that island.6.Everything in his room was set _a random order.7.He saved my life _great risk to his own.8.Were moved by his devotion _his students.9.He remains excellent in his studies at school in spite _having to do part-time jobs every now and then.10.I was aware_ what he was aiming at.二、翻译2.没有必要在每一段开始的时候都写这句话。(at the very beginning of)3.老师知道你总是第一个来教室的人。(come)4.这一具有历史意义的战役改变了两个民族的命运。(historic)5.我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。(be aware of)三、阅读理解6.    There wasnt an opportunity for British people to be an astronaut until very recently. You'd watch British citizens like Michael Foale, Nicholas Patrick and Piers Sellers move to the US, change their nationality and become astronauts with NASA. They recruit(招募) every year. Britains policy of no human space flights changed only recently.    When I was selected for the European Space Agency in 2009, the UK Government was still not contributing to human space flights, but the astronaut selection was open for Brits to participate. There was a huge take-up from the public. Over 10,000 put their application forward from across Europe and in the final 22 we had five Brits. With so much competition,I thought my chances were slim,so I just took it one step at a time. Luckily, I was in the last 22 and finally I became an astronaut.    As an astronaut, you're an operator more than a scientist. We need to know how to carry out the experiments more than the detailed science going on in the experiments themselves. The most important thing for the astronaut is to know how the Space Station operates and how to maintain it. You've also got to know spacewalking in case you need to do repairs outside the Space Station.    There are probably 2,000 people who are operating the Space Station 24/7 from control centres around the world. As the astronauts work,theyll be talking to the ground all the time about what theyre doing. Therell also be a lot of cameras on board,so the ground team can see whats going on and monitor the experiments themselves.    Between now and then,Ill be spending a lot of time in Russia,learning about the solar system and the Russian segment(部分)of the Space Station. Russian language training is undertaken so that we can communicate. I've been learning it for four years and its still quite alien to me. Apparently, it's only the first 10 years that is hard.1.Why did some British citizens change their nationality?A.Because they didn't want to live in Britain.B.Because they wanted to earn more money in NASA.C.Because they could become astronauts in this way.D.Because they wanted to realize their American Dream.2.What do we learn about the author when he applied for the European Space Agency?A.He didn't try hard to succeed.B.He didn't get his hopes too high.C.He was very confident about himself.D.He didnt really want to become an astronaut.3.What should the astronauts do when they're working in space?A.Keep reporting on their acts.B.Talk to other astronauts all the time.C.Take a lot of pictures using cameras.D.Focus on their work without doing anything else.4.What can we know from the last paragraph?A.It is difficult for the author to learn Russian.B.The author will work in Russia in the future.C.It is no use taking Russian language training.D.The author shows no interest in learning Russian7.    We smile because we are happy, and we frown because we are sad. Recent studies suggest that our emotions are driven by their related facial expressions.    This February psychologists at the University of Cardiff in Wales found that people whose ability to frown is lessened by botox injections(肉毒杆菌注射) are happier, on average, than people who can frown. The researchers administered an anxiety and depression questionnaire to 25 females, half of whom had received botox injections to stop frowning. The botox injected people reported feeling happier and less anxious in general.    In a related study from March, scientists at the Technical University of Munich found that the botox subjects had much lower activity in the brain circuits(回路) involved in emotional processing and responsesin the amygdala, hypothalamus and other parts of the brainas compared with controls who had not received treatment.    The concept works the opposite way, too. People who frown during an unpleasant procedure report feeling more pain than those who do not, according to a study published in May 2008 in the Journal of Pain. Researchers applied heat to the forearms of 29 participants, who were asked to either make unhappy, neutral or relaxed faces during the procedure. Those who exhibited negative expressions reported being in more pain than the other two groups.    No one yet knows why our facial expressions influence our emotions as they seem to. The associations in our mind between how we feel and how we react may be so strong that our expressions simply end up strengthen our emotionsthere may be no evolutionary reason for the connection.1. What can we know about the result of the study from Paragraph 2?A. The ability to frown should be stopped by injection.B. Less frowns make people happier.C. Women love to frown and feel sad.D. Half women have no ability to feel happy.2. What did scientists do in the related studies?A. They asked the participants to frown or smile.B. They copied the expressions of the participants.C. They asked the participants to stay negative.D. They exposed the participants to heat.3. What does the underlined word "neutral" in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Calm.4. What does the passage talk about?A. Facial expressions influence our emotions.B. Facial expressions are driven by emotions.C. Why people feel happy and frown.D. Botox injection is useful and meaningful.答案以及解析1.答案：1.off; 2.down; 3.to; 4.to; 5.on; 6.in; 7.at; 8.to; 9.of; 10.of2.答案：There is no need to start with this sentence at the very beginning of each paragraph.3.答案：The teacher knows that you are always the first to come to the classroom.4.答案：The historic battle changed the fate of two nations.5.答案：I don't think people are really aware of how much it costs.6.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的change their nationality and become astronauts with NASA. . Britains policy of no human space flights changed only recently.可知,这样做是为了能够成为宇航员。2.推理判断题。根据第二段的With so much competition, I thought my chances were slim, so I just took it one step at a time. 可推断,因为竞争激烈,作者当时并没有抱很大的希望。3.细节理解题。根据第四段的As the astronauts work, they'll be talking to the ground all the time about what theyre doing.可知,航天员在工作的过程中,需要随时向地面进行汇报。4.推理判断题。根据末段倒数第二句,作者已经学俄语四年了, 可是目前还是觉得俄语很陌生,由此可推断,对于作者而言,学习俄语有些困难。7.答案：1-4 BDDA解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，今年2月，英国威尔士加的夫大学的心理学家发现，注射肉毒杆菌减轻皱眉能力的人比皱眉的人更快乐。由此可知，研究结果发现少皱眉让人更快乐。2.细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，研究人员给29名参与者的前臂加热，要求他们在实验过程中做出不高兴、中性或放松的表情。由此可知，科学家在相关研究中让参与者接触热量。3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Those who exhibited negative expressions reported being in more pain than the other two groups.”可知，那些表现出消极表情的人比其他两组更痛苦，也就是说总共有三种表情“不高兴的” (消极）、“平静的”（不带感情色彩）、“放松的”（积极），所以可推测neutral为“平静的”（不带感情色彩）。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，我们微笑是因为 我们快乐，我们皱眉是因为我们悲伤。最近的研究表明，我们的情绪是由相关的面部表情驱动的。结合文章主要内容可知，人们的表情也会影响人们的心情。