阅读理解专项训练2上海市2022届高考英语复习.docx

(A)The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes - not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects. Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo - a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800s, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a thimble（顶针）. The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants; others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made all their basketwork by twining - the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling - a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article. Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomo people used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry. If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different ways. 1. The word "fashion" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _. A. maintain B. organize C. trade D. create 2. What is the author's main point in paragraph 2?A. The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques. B. The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region. C. The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans. D. The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations. 3. According to the passage, the relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to the relationship between _. A. bullrush and coiling B. weft and warp C. willow and feathers D. sedge and weaving 4. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage?A. Baskets produced by other Native ?Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo. B. Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial and religious purposes. C. There were a very limited number of basket-making materials available to the Pomo people. D. The basket-making production of the Pomo people has been increasing over the years. (B)With the fragrance industry expected to be worth an enormous $92 billion by 2024, there is big money to be made from scents. As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same - creating products that can be worn happily by all genders. The smells we're drawn to are inherently universal, across all genders and including all noses. With this in mind, we tested our noses against three of the brands that have made a play for gender neutrality. Eccentric Molecules The unique selling point of Eccentric Molecules is that it's designed to smell completely different on every wearer, reacting with our natural scents to create a unique blend. With potential for sharing with a loved one, their packaging is a practical if a little unromantic, simple bottle. Still, upon opening their best seller "Molecule 01", the journey begins. Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin. Top Scent: Molecule 01, £72 for 100mlClean ReserveClean Reserve smells like it sounds - bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell. It is also perfect for keeping in your gym or day bag to freshen up yourself. Packaging feels weighty and luxurious, without compromising sustainability - the bottle is made from sustainability-managed forest wood and even the alcohol is derived from corn. Top Scent: Rain, £82 for 100mlLaboratory Perfumes Packaged in chemistry-class bottles, this brand's latest collection is strongly inspired by Britain and its natural abundance of herbs and flowers. What results are grown-up, powerful scents. Our clear favourites from the collection couldn't be more different - "Samphire" is a refreshing coastal scent mixed with rose, while "Atlas" is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed. Top Scent: Atlas, £65 for 100ml 5. The purpose of paragraph 1 is _. A. to analyze how smell influence us B. to sell the idea of non-gendered fragrance C. to inform the readers of a latest fashion trendD. to justify the development of fragrance industry6. The common feature of Escentric Molecules and Clean Reserve is _. A. practical and simple packaging B. sustainable packaging made from wood C. a soft and light scent D. smelling totally different on every user7. For a customer who prefers strong mature smells that lasts a whole day, which product should he/she choose?A. Molecule 01 B. Rain C. Samphire D. Atlas (C)Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification. Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as 'black boxes', although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the system and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however, a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other more practical, theoretical approaches. Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject. The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at every point, to be master of the preceding exposition. 8. Hamiltonian theory met with failure as a result of _. A. newer findings related to the wave particle nature of lightB. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers C. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters 9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to _. A. the students who are major in mathematical geometryB. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systemsC. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs D. those who are interested in physics 10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found in _. A. indirect ways of learning mathematics B. a fundamental power within the theory C. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems 11. This passage is probably excerpted from _. A. a review of a book B. a chemistry textbook C. an optician's essay D. a general science text (D)How to Manage Your New-Year ExpectationA. How do you stay in the moment?B. The message is, try to do the good things. C. So focus on the moment, not the big picture. D. Do something where you don't quite know how it's going to turn out. E. Are you wondering how to emotionally prepare for the months ahead?F. Having something we can decide upon and activate can help restore that sense of control. New Year's Eve is fast approaching, and it's finally time to leave the wreckage of 2021 behind. Except for many people, it seems as if not much will change except the year on the calendar, making the new year feel about as much of a refresh as a frozen browser. (1) _ Here's one piece of advice for you: Stay in the moment. Endurance sports psychology tells us that the body is capable of far more than the brain believes. If someone had told you in March how long the pandemic would last, would you have thought you could handle it? (2) _Anxiety comes from casting yourself into the future, but "if you keep your energy in the present moment, and you're not contemplating（深思熟虑）how many more miles you have, it can feel easy at times," said Jo Daniels, an author on a study about what causes anxiety and depression in lockdown. (3) _ There are all kinds of mindfulness exercises, but one is to list five things for which you're grateful, however small - yes, a hot cup of coffee counts. When you're feeling overwhelmed（不知所措的）, think only about what you need to do to get through the next hour or the next day - not the next week or the next month. Dr. Daniel's pandemic study found negative coping strategies - like repeatedly overeating and too much drinking - had more of an impact on people's levels of anxiety and distress than more positive coping strategies, like seeking support. "(4) _" Dr. Daniels said. No one is suggesting your end-of-day cocktail or afternoon cake needs to go. Problems arise if you use these things repeatedly to change your mood - and you feel guilty about that afterward, she said. 练习（二）(A) 1-4 DBAA(B) 5-7 BCD(C) 8-11 DBDA(D) 12-15 ECAB5学科网（北京）股份有限公司