定语从句学案英语初升高衔接课程.docx

9 Book 1 Grammar定语从句总体逻辑图基本概念定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。先行词定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。引导词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who,whom, whose, that, which，as等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。关系词在定语从句中作的句子成分：限定性定语从句中的关系代词指代对象作主语作宾语作定语人Who/thatWhom/that（可省略）whose物Which/thatWhich/that（可省略）whose人/物thatthatwhose非限制性定语从句中的关系代词指代对象作主语作宾语作定语人whowhomWhose/of whom物whichwhichWhose/of which1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose activity would infect(感染) other students.他在场意味着在课堂上我有一位意想不到的助教,他的活动将感染其他学生。The house whose windows are very large is my uncles.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncles.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。3）which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 The house where/in which he lives is near the river.他住的房子在河边。3. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2）当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。5. 介词+关系词 (1) 介词后面的关系词不能省略；(2) that前不能有介词； (3) 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此，常常可以和“介词|+which”结构交替使用。 This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？6. 关系代词that的用法 (1) 不用that的情况： 引导非限定性定语从句时。 The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.（错） 介词后不能用that。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况： 在不定代词，如anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。例如：He is the only person that attended the meeting. 他是唯一参加这个会议的人。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只用that。例如：This is the most exciting film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。6. 当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。The way(that/in which) he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand.(做状语)The way that/which he explained to me was not difficult to understand.(做宾语)定语从句跟踪练习再战初中考点-夯实基础1. (2018 湖北咸宁) What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV?Its a great TV show _ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. that2. (2018·湖南湘西) What kind of teachers _do you like, John? I like the teachers _are friendly to us.A. which B. whose C. who3.（2018·四川自贡）30. In the program The Singer in 2018, I like Hua Chenyu most.Yes. He is the singer _ won the first prize of Happy Boys Voice in 2013.A. what B. which C. who4. （2018. 贵州安顺）Only You is a TV program is popular with most young people.Yes, it is definitely true.A. that B. whose C. what D. who5. (2018福建A卷) 34. Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading a research to develop “sea rice”. A. who B. which C. whom6. (2018·甘肃天水)38.Danny met a famous astronaut _ was the first Canadian astronaut in space.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. who7. (2018·四川内江中考)I hear that Lucys uncle is a worker here. Yes. Look, the man is working over there is her uncle. A. whom B. who C. what D. which8. (2018·山东临沂) 27. My grandparents like stories _ have happy endings.A. they B. whoC. which D. /9.(2018四川成都中考) Is this die new dictionary_ you got yesterday?Yes. Now its very convenient for me to look up words.A.thatB. whyC. what10. (2018·四川宜宾中考)Thats the boy _ won the first prize in the competition yesterday. A. whoB. whichC. whom 高中考点牛刀小试-多维度感知考点差异. 单句语法填空1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.2As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _ _he should be able to be independent.3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ _ school education depends.4It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.5The books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.6He wrote many children's books，nearly half of were published in the 1990s.7Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon， calls for our great concern.8The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.9Some passersby witnessed the car accident five passengers were killed, a baby included.10“Spittake” refers to an act someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising. II单项选择1.The books on the desk， _ covers are shiny， are prizes for us. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 2. Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. （2015年浙江卷） A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 3.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 4.Opposite is St. Paul's Church， _ you can hear some lovely music. （2015年北京卷） A. which B. that C. when D. where 5.As the smallest child of his family， Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when 6.The number of smokers， _ is reported， has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. （2015年江苏卷） A. it B. which C. what D. as 7.China Today attracts a worldwide readership， _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. （2015年福建卷） A. who B. whom C. that D. which 8.He wrote many children's books， nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. （2015年重庆卷） A. whom B. which C. them D. that 9.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.A. it B. that C. whose D. which基础知识梳理基础知识梳理