it做形式主语或宾语的用法.pptx
He found it difficult to stop smoking I think it best that you should do more exercise.She thought it no good worrying about himIt作形式宾语代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。第1页/共29页1.It 用作形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it it作形式宾语，而将真作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时正的宾语放在句尾。此时it it只起引导作用，无意义只起引导作用，无意义。S+v+it+adj.n(for sb)to do sth.从句doing sth+第2页/共29页 find possible1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth./clause.feel important Sentence patterns:形式宾语 a rule2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause an honour 3.S +V+it +no good +doing sth.no use 第3页/共29页完成句子完成句子（1）They_（发觉难）tofinishtheirworkintwodays.（2）We_（认为是我们的职责）tocleanourclassroomeveryday.（3）Itisimportant_（对她来说）tocometotheparty.found it difficultthink it our dutyfor her 第4页/共29页作形式宾语(Preparatory Subject)为了记忆方便我们把该句型总结为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语 或从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.He felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.第5页/共29页1.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010.辽宁）A.SoB.muchC.thatD.it2.Thedoctorthought_wouldbegoodfortohaveaholiday.（2010.全国II)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.It3.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(MET90)A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it第6页/共29页4.It 作形式宾语的特殊用法1.某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like,enjoy,love,hate,dislike,appreciate等 后往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。Id prefer it if I didnt have to finish the work.要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。第7页/共29页2.某些含有介词的动词短语如see to,depend on,answer for,rely on,insist on,look to,stick to 等结构中往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.Ill see to it that everything is ready in time.我将负责按时做好一切准备。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。)Im counting on it that you will come.我指望着你会来。第8页/共29页1.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(MET2004)A.this B.that C.it D.one2.I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(MET98)A.it B.that C.these D.them第9页/共29页ItisamazingthatatmyageIamstillfit.Itiseasytobecomeaddictedtosmoking.itisnogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It 作形式主语代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。第10页/共29页2.It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。It be+adjnp.p(for/of sb)to do sth主语从句doing sth+第11页/共29页 1.It+be+adj.+主语从句 这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.注意：如若形容词为 important/necessary，good/wrong natural.表达一种要求，命令或者责备时，多使用虚拟语气（should+V).但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。不过考试建议你还是多用虚拟语气It is important that we(should)learn English well.It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.第12页/共29页 2.It+be+过去分词+主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等，如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.It is said that he has come to Beijing.第13页/共29页注意：如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词如：suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.等时 that后的从句要用虚拟语（should+动词原形），should 可以省；常译为，“据建议；有命令）It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.第14页/共29页3.It+be+名词词组+主语从句这类名词有：a fact,a pity,a shame,an honour，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not.注意：如若表示出乎意料之意时,从句一般用虚拟语气常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.第15页/共29页4.It+不及物动词+主语从句 这类不及物动词有：appear,seem happen，matter等。译为好像/碰巧/如：Itseemedthathedidnttellthetruth.IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.第16页/共29页5.It+be+形容词+（for sb.）+动词不定式 这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，译为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”如：Its necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.第17页/共29页6.It+be+形容词+of sb.+动词不定式 这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind,nice stupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：Its very kind of you to help me with the work.=Youarekindtohelpme.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.第18页/共29页7.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式，如：Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good,no good,no use,a waste of,useless,senseless等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.第19页/共29页9.It+take(sb.)+时间（金钱）+动词不定式，译为，做某事花了某人多长时间或多少钱。如：Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.第20页/共29页实战练习高考真题第21页/共29页1.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(2001 上海)A.this B.that C.there D.it2.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It第22页/共29页3.Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?(MET88)A.everyone B.this C.her D.it4._ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A.It B.I C.We D.They5.It is no use his _ there,the situation is hopeless now.A.to go B.to be going C.going D.having gone第23页/共29页6.Is_necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET89)A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?(MET91)A.thisB.thatC.heD.it第24页/共29页8、(2006,全国)It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A.use B.help C.time D.way9.(2004,北京)The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 第25页/共29页The Usage of“it”常见用法特殊用法6123三大句型形式主语形式宾语Summary九个句型It be+adjIt be+nIt be+p.p第26页/共29页Homework 世纪金榜unit3 语法专练选择1-10第27页/共29页第28页/共29页感谢您的观看。第29页/共29页
