三网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响学习课件.ppt

会计学1三网络元件三网络元件(yunjin)与偏置电路对噪声的与偏置电路对噪声的影响学习课件影响学习课件第一页，共19页。：并联网络阻抗，；Parallel network impedance ：串联网络阻抗，；Series network impedance ：源电阻热噪声电压(diny)，；Thermal noise voltage of source resistance ：并联阻抗实部噪声电流；The real part of the noise current of parallel impedance.：串联阻抗实部噪声电压(diny)；The real part of the noise voltage of series impedance.、：放大器噪声模型；Noise model of a amplifier ：放大器电压(diny)增益；Amplifiers voltage gain ：输出噪声电压(diny)。Output noise voltage第1页/共18页第二页，共19页。（1）并联网络 Parallel network 各噪声源在输出端开路(kil)时的分量为 The components of each noise source on output end(open circuit)are总输出噪声均方值为 The total output noise mean square value is (3.1.75)第2页/共18页第三页，共19页。网络电压传输增益为 The network voltage transmission gain is (3.1.76)等效输入噪声为 The equivalent input noise is (3.1.77)(3.1.78)表明 Showing that 若欲减小并联网络对噪声的影响，需使并联网络阻抗的直流电阻 尽可能增大，同时(tngsh)使 上的噪声电流 尽可能减小。To reduce the influence of parallel network on noise,the DC resistance of the parallel network impedance should be increased as large as possible,and the noise current on the decreased as small as possible.第3页/共18页第四页，共19页。中包含两个部分 The includes two parts：热噪声电压，它与 成反比；The thermal noise voltage,which is inversely proportional to the .流过 的低频噪声电流，它与流过 的直流电平成 正比。The low-frequency noise current flowing through the ,which is directly proportional to the DC level of the .故欲减小 ，还需尽量减小 上的直流压降。Therefore,the DC voltage drop on the has to be reduced to reducethe .（2）串联网络 Series network 先求出各噪声源在输出(shch)端开路时输出(shch)的分量分别为：The output components of each noise source(open circuit)are 第4页/共18页第五页，共19页。得总输出噪声电压(diny)均方值为 Then the total output noise voltage mean square value is电压(diny)传输增益为 The voltage transmission gain is等效输入噪声为 The equivalent input noise is (3.1.79)第5页/共18页第六页，共19页。表明 Showing that:欲减小串联网络对噪声的影响，应使 尽可能小，并尽量减小 上的噪声电压 ，上的直流压降也应尽量减小。All the ,the noise voltage on the and the DC voltage drop on the should be decreased as small as possible to reduce the influence of theseries network on the system noise.（3）并串联网络（导出过程(guchng)留在习题课中解决）The noise analysis of Parallel-Series Networks (The derivation will be solved in exercises-lesson)(3.1.79)第6页/共18页第七页，共19页。（4）串并联网络 The noise analysis of Series-Parallel Networks (3.1.80)上二式表明:若欲减小网络对噪声的影响，对并联网络，要尽可能提高(t go)并联阻抗的数值；对串联网络，要尽可能减小串联电阻抗的数值。同时，两者都应尽可能减小网络阻抗上的压降，以减小低频噪声。To reduce the influence of a network on noise,the parallel impedance should be increased as large as possible for a parallel network;the series impe-dance should be decreased as small as possible for a series network.Meanwhile,the voltage drop on the network impedance of the two should be decreased to reduce the low-frequency noise.第7页/共18页第八页，共19页。2、偏置电路噪声的影响和元件(yunjin)的选取 The influence of bias circuit noise&components selection 偏置电路对放大器噪声的影响不可忽视，偏置元件(yunjin)的热噪声和低频噪声通过放大器放大可使系统噪声特性变坏。The influence of bias circuit on an amplifiers noise cannot be ignored.The thermal noise of bias components and low-frequency noise can degene-rate systems noise characteristics when they pass through the amplifier.（1）晶体管共发放大器电路及其噪声模型 The common-emitter circuit of a transistor&its noise model第8页/共18页第九页，共19页。图中：、：上下偏置(pin zh)电阻及其噪声电压；Up-down bias resistances and their noise voltages 、：发射极反馈电阻及其噪声电压；Emitter feedback resistance and its noise voltage 、：发射极电阻及其噪声电压；Emitter resistance and its noise voltage ：集电极电阻；Collector resistance ：基极耦合电容；Base coupling capacitance ：发射极旁路电容；Emitter shunt capacitance（2）噪声分析 Noise analysis 依对串并联网络的噪声分析(3.1.80)及晶体管共发放大器等效电路可知:第9页/共18页第十页，共19页。According to the noise analysis(3.1.80)of series-parallel network and theequivalent circuit of the transistor common-emitter amplifier,we know that 偏置电阻 、与源电阻并联，阻值越大对噪声影响越小，当满足 时，偏置电阻对噪声的影响可略；Bias resistances 、are in parallel with source resistance.The larger the resistance is,the smaller the influence on noise is.When fulfilling the condition of ,the influence on noise can be omitted.为使偏置电阻有良好的温度稳定性，取值要低，一般(ybn)需使其保证流过 的电流为基极电流的 倍。To obtain good temperature stability of the bias resistance,the should be low enough.Usually,it should be ensured that the current flowing throughthe is times of that passing the base.综上二条，低噪放大器的设计应兼顾上述两方面要求。第10页/共18页第十一页，共19页。As a summary:the design of low noise amplifier should satisfy the above two point.（3）实际电路 A practical circuit 为减小偏置(pin zh)电阻对放大器噪声的影响，可采用“无噪声偏置(pin zh)电路”如下：To reduce the influence of bias resistance on amplifiers noise,the following“non-noise bias circuit”can be adopted:a、无噪声偏置(pin zh)电路 b、噪声等效电路 Non-noise bias circuit Noise equivalent circuit第11页/共18页第十二页，共19页。电路等效(dn xio)输入噪声均方值及噪声系数的推导可留做作业或试题 这种电路在满足一定数量关系时可减小偏置电路对噪声的影响。由共发放大器等效(dn xio)噪声分析结论可知其数量关系为：This kind of circuits can reduce the influence of the bias circuit on the noise,when certain magnitude relation is satisfied.From the conclusion of theequivalent noise analysis of the common-emitter amplifier,we know therelation is (3.1.81)称为低噪偏置电阻 Low noise bias resistance (3.1.82)称为低噪偏置电流 Low noise bias current 式中:是 、和 的并联阻抗：where:are the parallel impedance of 、and .第12页/共18页第十三页，共19页。(3.1.83)是 、上的噪声电压 、在 两端(lin dun)的合成电压。is the synthetic voltage of the noise voltages and on and between the two ends of .(3.1.84)第13页/共18页第十四页，共19页。分析 Analysis:由(3.1.81)、(3.1.82)两式知:为减小偏置电路对噪声的影响，需使 大，、要小。又由(3.1.84)可知(k zh):由于在偏置电路中并联了电容 C，使 比不并联电容时要小，当 C 充分大时，可使 很小。这意味着偏置电路的热噪声和低频噪声都很小。To reduce the influence of the bias circuit on the noise,the should be large,the and be small.From(3.1.84),we know that the in the bias circuit with a parallel capacitance C is smaller than that without C.When C is large enough,the can be very small,which means that both the thermal noise and low frequency noise in the bias circuit are small.第14页/共18页第十五页，共19页。当 C 充分大时,很小。为满足(3.1.81)、(3.1.82)两式的要求,可使 足够大,此时两个条件变为:When C is large enough,is quite small.To satisfy Eqs.(3.1.81)&(3.1.82),the can be chosen large enough,and then the two conditions become (3.1.85)(3.1.86)在实际电路中，由于(yuy)两端直流压降很小，故低频噪声可略，而只要 足够大，中的热噪声电流均方值就很小。In practical circuits,the low frequency noise can be omitted,because the DC voltage drop on the two ends of the is small.The mean square value of the thermal current of the will be very small,so long as the is large enough,.第15页/共18页第十六页，共19页。另外，由于 很小，所以 就更小。Besides,the is even smaller,because is quite small.满足上述条件的偏置电路称为“无噪声(zoshng)偏置电路”。The bias circuit satisfying above conditions is called“non-noise bias circuit”.电路图中的发射极阻容网络 及基极中的耦合电容都是与源串联的，为减小其对放大器噪声(zoshng)的影响，应使Both the emitter RC network and base coupling capacitor are in serieswith the source.To reduce its influence on amplifier noise,the should make following Eqs.hold (3.1.87)(3.1.88)第16页/共18页第十七页，共19页。因此,与 应选得较大,要小。Therefore,both and should be larger,and smaller.同样，也串在源上，其值也不宜过大，为提高放大器输入负载(fzi)而加大射极负反馈电阻的方法是不可取的。Similarly,the is also in series with the source,which should not betoo large.The method of enlarging the emitter negative feedback resistanceto increase the amplifier input load is not desirable.第17页/共18页第十八页，共19页。内容(nirng)总结会计学。（3）并串联网络（导出过程留在习题课中解决）。对串联网络，要尽可能减小串联电阻抗(zkng)的数值。两者都应尽可能减小网络阻抗(zkng)上的压降，以减小低频噪声。(3.1.88)第十九页，共19页。