2023年高考英语复习全国通用第13讲阅读理解主旨大意题(测)(原卷版).pdf
第 13 讲 阅读理解主旨大意题（测）时间：45 分钟 满分：50 分 阅读理解(每题 2 分，共 50 分)A（2018上海高考真题）Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies（加密货币）have been all over the news lately.Apparently,the idea of money thats not tied to a specific bankor a specific countryis appealing to many.But its worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that：A modern invention.Not so long ago,money was almost always created and used locally,and bartering was common.（In fact,it still is common among many online local networks,like the Buy Nothing Project.）.In the past,moneys makeup varied from place to place,depending on what was considered valuable there.So while some of the worlds first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum（银金矿），objects other than coins have served as currency,including beads,ivory,livestock,and cowrie shells.In West Africa,bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash,especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there.Throughout the colonial period,tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia,Maryland and North Carolina,even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today,on an island in the Pacific,a specific type of shell still serves as currencyand some people there are even hoarding（贮存）it,just like Bitcoin moguls,convinced that one day,it will make them wealthy beyond imagination.On Malaita,the most-populated island thats part of the Solomon Islands,shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,Mary Bruno,a shop owner from the small town of Auki,on Malaita,told Vice.One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna,but the red ones are worth more.For the red ones,one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.Just like a mint that creates coins,theres only one place on the island where the shells,which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes,are made.The strips of red,white,and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon,where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals.Once marooned（困住）out on their islands,locals needed a currency to use among themselves,and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s,but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today.And just like cryptocurrencies,there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money,which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades.It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed,strung-together shells,but what is a pile of dollars?Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that weve assigned value toand probably less durable over time than those shells.1According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?AMoney was created and was widely used in the world.BTobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.CThe ingredients of worlds first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.DUsing shells for money has been out of date in the world.2The word mint in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to .Aa kind of money that can exchange Bthe leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied Ca place to produce and polish shells Da factory that produces currency 3Whats opinion of the author towards shells for money?AReasonable.BImaginary.CConvenient.DInventive.4Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?AThe History of Bitcoin BShells Still Money CThe Currency Is of Great Use DSome Shells B（2021浙江高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)use to communicate.They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a vocabulary of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter,who led the research,said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and chimps,she said,had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.Thats whats so amazing about chimp gestures,she said.Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animals call,the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures,Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.In one case,a mother presents her foot to her crying baby,signaling:Climb on me.The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together.The big message from this study is that there is another species(物种)out there.that is meaningful in its communication,so thats not unique to humans,said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz,an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester,said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But,she added,the results were a little disappointing.The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate,or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,she said.Moreover,the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication.So,it seems the gulf remains.5What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?AMemorizing specific words.BUnderstanding complex information.CUsing voices to communicate.DCommunicating messages on purpose.6What did Dr Shultz think of the study?AIt was well designed but poorly conducted.BIt was a good try but the findings were limited.CIt was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.DIt was a failure but the methods deserved praise.7What does the underlined word gulf in the last paragraph mean?ADifference.BConflict.CBalance.DConnection.8Which of the following is the best title for the text?AChimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough BChimpanzees developed specific communication skills CChimpanzees:the smartest species in the animal kingdom DChimpanzee language:communication gestures translated C（2017全国高考真题）Cloud computing will be in use by about 80 percent of about 600 companies.The trend suggests that data management and storage are moving to cloud computing sellers on a large scale.Touting(兜售)cloud computing as a way to get rid of the costs of buying and maintain in on-site information-technology equipment,sellers offer it in the form of Software AsA Service(SAAS),a delivery model in which software applications are delivered to customers over a web-based network.SAAS can serve the needs of entire companies through huge,web-based platforms.As cloud computing rapidly bccomes the delivery channel for software developers of all shapes and sizes to get their products to market,offering applications in a cloud is now the rule not the exception.Arelatively small number of sellers are able to offer SAAS to big companies that want company-wide cloud computing,and only the sellers need apply.Although market-share data are hard to come by,the list of companys large enough to offer cloud-computing on this scale is short:Microsoft,Amazon,Google,Salesforce,Rackspace and not many others.The concentration of data and virtual(虚拟)computing in the hands of relatively few sellers raises an important risk for their customers if the Internet-based systems of any one seller are hacked,the result could be security problems across entire industries in which their customers do Can this small group of cloud-computing sellers effectively respond to the needs of their customers to quickly fix such a problem and,most importantly,cut off the damage to these companies own customers?Dont think such things cant happen.If hackers can penetrate the Department of Defense,the risk that they will penetrate Microsoft or google cannot be ruled out Compromise of just one of these sellers-even one with a modest market share-possibly could shut down,at least temporarily,a sizable part of the U.S.economy.9What can cloud computing do？AReduce the cost of computers.BProvide software service.CMarket various products.DHelp companies design websites.10What do we know about cloud computing？AIt works under SAAS.BIt covers a large part of market-share.CMost companies can provide it.DMost sellers apply for it.11Why is the Department of Defense mentioned in the last paragraph？ATo warn people of the hackers power.BTo show relationship between it and microsoft.CTo give an example of the countrys loss.DTo present the real picture of the U.S.economy.12What might be the best title for the text？AThe Unthinkable risks of the cloud.BCloud Computing and Smart Sellers.CSAAS and changing Companies.DThe Cloud Computing Age.D（2012辽宁高考真题）If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day,few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.Its nothing personal.Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades,the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently,the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art,history and philosophy(哲学).Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks(缺陷)of Western philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever,and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.13The opening paragraph is mainly intended to_.Aprovide some key facts about Confucius Battract the readers interest in the subject Cshow great respect for the ancient thinker Dprove the popularity of modem birthday celebrations 14We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_.Ahave a great interest in studying Chinese Btake an active part in Chinese competitions Ctry to get high scores in Chinese exams Dfight for a chance to learn Chinese 15What is the best title for the passage?AForgotten Wisdom in America BHuge Fans of the Chinese Language CChinese Culture for Westerners DOld Thinker with a Big Future 16The passage is likely to appear in_.Aa personal biography Ba history paper Ca cultural newspaper Da philosophy textbook E（2020全国高考真题）When“Rise of the Planet of the Apes”was first shown to the public last month,a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!”The creative team behind“Apes”used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).In this case,one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet“Apes”is more exception than the rule.In fact,Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization,which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.Already,a number of films,including“Water for Elephants,”“The Hangover Part”and“Zookeeper,”have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases,its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried;its the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there are questions about the films made outside the States,which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.17Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?ATo see famous film stars.BTo oppose wearing fur coats.CTo raise money for animal protection.DTo express thanks to some filmmakers.18What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe cost of making“Apes.”BThe creation of digitalized apes.CThe publicity about“Apes.”DThe performance of real apes.19What does the underlined phrase“keeping tabs on”in paragraph 3 probably mean?AListing completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.F（2020全国高考真题）We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因),they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation-not to air or to food,but to the ocean.A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau,as these people are known,number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times,theyve also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.“They are simply a stranger to the land,”said Redney CJubilado,a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,”Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In2015,Melissa Ilardo,then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen,heard about the Bajau.She wondered if centuries of diving could have led t
