2023年高考英语复习全国通用第17讲完形填空夹叙夹议文(20空)(测)解析版.pdf
第 17 讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文（20 空）（测）时间：60 分钟 满分：120 分(每题 1.5 分)A（2021浙江高考真题）Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.I began to_1_on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USAThree months later I_2_myself on a plane to Phoenix,Arizona.I was_3_at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months.However,within fifteen minutes of_4_,my worries had gone.Everyone was so_5_and like-minded that it was very_6_to feel at home.I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day_7_.We had to_8_everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a_9_way but in 35 heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.My job was to_10_a stairway out of rock.This_11_climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions,although I should say they were only heard,never_12_.Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being.The_13_of knowing that my_14_will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.But on the last night we were_15_in a thunderstorm.I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent.The temperature was close to_16_.I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only_17_part of my tent._18_,I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I_19_.I think I am much_20_for having taken part in the project.1Acalculate Bnegotiate Cadvertise Dresearch 2Aimagined Bintroduced Cenjoyed Dfound 3Aannoyed Bsurprised Cscared Dexcited 4Aarriving Bsleeping Cthinking Dwalking 5Aconfident Bfriendly Cenergetic Dcurious 6Afunny Bgood Clucky Deasy 7Atour Bproject Ccampaign Dcourse 8Adrop Bmake Ccarry Dbuy 9Anice Bsafe Clong Dquick 10Abuild Btest Cclean Dguard 11Ahelped Bended Callowed Dmeant 12Ahunted Btrained Cseen Dfed 13Asatisfaction Bambition Cexpectation Dintention 14Awork Bmemory Crecord Dstory 15Aleft Bcaught Cattacked Dseparated 16Aboiling Baverage Cnormal Dfreezing 17Atidy Bdry Cnew Dsoft 18ABy the way BRegardless of that CNeedless to say DIn either case 19Asurvived Bresisted Cescaped Drecovered 20Asmarter Bstronger Chappier Dbusier【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。1D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A.calculate 计算；B.negotiate 协商；C.advertise 登广告；D.research 研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选 D 项。2 D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A.imagined想象；B.introduced 介绍；C.enjoyed 喜欢；D.found 发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选 D 项。3C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.surprised 惊讶的；C.scared 害怕的；D.excited 兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选 C 项。4 A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达 15 分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A.arriving 到达；B.sleeping睡觉；C.thinking 思考；D.walking 行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A 项。5B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.confident 自信的；B.friendly 友好的；C.energetic 活力的；D.curious 好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选 B 项。6D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.funny 搞笑的；B.good 好的；C.lucky 幸运的；D.easy 容易的。根据“that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选 D 项。7B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头 8 天的项目。A.tour 游览；B.project 项目；C.campaign 活动；D.course 课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选 B 项。8C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A.drop掉下；B.make 制作；C.carry 携带；D.buy 购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选 C 项。9C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在 35 度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。A.nice 好的；B.safe 安全的；C.long 长的；D.quick 快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选 C 项。10A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A.build 建造；B.test 测试；C.clean 清洁；D.guard 保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选 A 项。11D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A.helped 帮助；B.ended 结束；C.allowed 允许；D.meant 意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选 D 项。12C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A.hunted 捕猎；B.trained 训练；C.seen 看到；D.fed 喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。故选 C 项。13A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A.satisfaction 满意；B.ambition 雄心；C.expectation 期待；D.intention 意图。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选 A 项。14A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A.work 工作，作品；B.memory 回忆；C.record 记录；D.story 故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选 A 项。15B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A.left 离开；B.caught捉住；C.attacked 袭击；D.separated 分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选 B 项。16 D【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A.boiling 煮沸的的；B.average 平均的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing 冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选 D 项。17B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A.tidy 干净的；B.dry 干的；C.new 新的；D.soft 软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选 B 项。18 C【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A.By the way 顺便问一下；B.Regardless of that 尽管这样；C.Needless to say 不用说；D.In either case 在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选 C 项。19 A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A.survived生存；B.resisted 反抗；C.escaped 逃离，抓牢；D.recovered 恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选 A 项。20B【解析】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A.smarter 更聪明的；B.stronger 更强壮的；C.happier 更快乐的；D.busier 更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选 B 项。B（2020江苏高考真题）Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success _21_ fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the _22_ in our lives.When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931,he had no _23_ of knowing that his life was to change _24_.The class experiment that day was to _25_ how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling(冒泡)to the surface._26_,the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat _27_ held something more volatile(易挥发的)than water.When Wilson heated it,the container _28_,leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later,his parents _29_ to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had _30_ their lives.But Wilson did not regard the accident as _31_.He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There,he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)_32_ public speaker.Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered from _33_ for lack of proper treatment.For him,it was one thing to _34_ his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue _35_ it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the _36_ Wilson made to preventing the _37_.Wilson received several international _38_ for his great contributions.He lost his sight but found a _39_.He proved that its not what happens to us that _40_ our lives-its what we make of what happens.21Adepends Bholds Ckeeps Dreflects 22Adilemmas Baccidents Cevents Dsteps 23Away Bhope Cplan Dmeasure 24Acontinually Bgradually Cgracefully Dcompletely 25Adirect Bshow Cadvocate Ddeclare 26AAnyway BMoreover CSomehow DThus 27Amistakenly Bcasually Camazingly Dclumsily 28Aerupted Bexploded Cemptied Dexposed 29Adeserved Battempted Ccared Dagreed 30Asubmitted to Bcatered for Cimpressed on Dhappened to 31Afantastic Bextraordinary Cimpressive Dcatastrophic 32Aaccomplished Bcrucial Cspecific Dinnocent 33Adeafness Bdepression Cblindness Dspeechlessness 34Adecide Babandon Ccontrol Daccept 35Auntil Bwhen Cunless Dbefore 36Aopposition Badjustments Ccommitment Dlimitations 37Apreventable Bpotential Cspreadable Dinfluential 38Ascholarships Brewards Cawards Dbonuses 39Afortune Brecipe Cdream Dvision 40Adistinguishes Bdetermines Cclaims Dlimits【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。21A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A.depends 依靠；B.holds 握，持有；C.keeps 保持；D.reflects 反映。结合空后的介词 on 可知，仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选 A。22C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A.dilemmas 进退两难的处境；B.accidents 意外事故；C.events 事，事件；D.steps 脚步，步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that its not what happens to us that 40 our lives-its what we make of what happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应 what happens(发生的事)。故选 C。23A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931 年的一个雨天，当 12 岁的约翰威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A.way 方法，方式；B.hope 希望；C.plan 计划；D.measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选 A。24D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931 年的一个雨天，当 12 岁的约翰威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A.continually 不断地；B.gradually 逐渐地；C.gracefully 优雅地；D.completely 完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选 D。25B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A.direct 指导，引导；B.show 展示；C.advocate 提倡，倡导；D.declare 宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选 B。26C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A.Anyway 无论如何，不管怎样；B.Moreover 而且；C.Somehow 不知怎么地；D.Thus 因此。不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选 C。27A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A.mistakenly 错误地；B.casually 随意地；C.amazingly 令人惊奇地；D.clumsily 笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选 A。28B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A.erupted爆发，喷出；B.exploded 爆炸；C.emptied 腾空，掏空；D.exposed 揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致 Wilson 失明。故选 B。29B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A.deserved 值得，应得，应受；B.attempted 试图，尝试；C.cared 关心，在乎；D.agreed 同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选 B。30D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A.submitted to 提交，服从；B.catered for 迎合；C.impressed on 给留下印象；D.happened to 发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选 D。31D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A.fantastic 极好的；B.extraordinary 不同寻常的；C.impressive 给人深刻印象的；D.catastrophic 灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上文 his parents 29 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 30 their lives.以及结合生活常识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据 but 转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选 D。32A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A.accomplished 才华高的，有成就的；B.crucial 至关重要的，关键性的；C.specific 特定的，具体的；D.innocent 无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的 not onlybut also可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有 A 选项表达此意。故选 A。33C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A.deafness 聋，听力不佳；B.depression 沮丧；C.blindness 瞎；D.speechlessness 哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 36 Wilson made to preventing the 37 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选 C。34D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A.decide 决定；B.abandon 抛弃；C.control 控制；D.accept 接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 31 .He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There,he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)32 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选 D。35B【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A.until 直到；B.when 在情况下，当时候；C.unless 如果不；D.before 在之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when 表示“在情况下”。故选 B。36C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A.opposition 反对；B.adjustments 调整，调节；C.commitment 奉献，投入；D.limitations 限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和 53 空后的 great contributions 呼应。故选 C。37A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A.preventable 可预防的，可阻止的；B.potential 潜在的，有潜力的；C.spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D.influential 有影响力的。结合空前的 prevent 可知，威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选 A。38C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A.scholarships 奖学金；B.rewards 奖励，回报；C.awards 奖，奖品；D.bonuses 红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选 C。39D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了眼力“”。A.fortune 运气，财富；B.recipe食谱，秘诀；C.dream 梦，梦想；D.vision 视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选 D。40B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A.distinguishes 区分，辨别；B.determines 决定；C.claims 宣称；D.limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 21 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 22 in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选 B。C（2020天津高考真题）Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England.He has recently made a significant_41_-loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes,but it can be_42_in a clever way.The_43_?Chat benches.Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her_44_.The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who _45_made her believe that he was her friend,and then she lent him about“f 31,000.Jones was_46_ when she said that she didnt actually_47_ being cheated.“Otherwise,1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,”she said.This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely _48_ people in his community,who are easy targets of cheating.So he_49_ to do something about it.He_50_ the police department to allow him to _51_ a couple of“chat benches”in two of their local parks.Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that_52_:”HAPPY TO CHAT.“Just a few days after the signs went up,he found people sitting there and engaging in active and_53_ conversations.The idea is catching on_54_There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond.All who participated have gained a(n)_55_ outcome from getting involved.Jones idea has been fully _56_-the“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help_57_ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.This effort is not just a(n)_58_ at being community minded-its also a _59_ measure.It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that_60_ those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.41Achoice Bdiscovery Cvisit Dpromise 42Aexperienced Bsuffered Cprevented Dfelt 43Asolution Bpuzzle Cexcuse Dintention 44Apleasure Bprize Ccredit Dmoney 45Aeventually Bfrequently Cpreviously Doccasionally 46Aashamed Bshocked Cexcited Damused 47Amind Bforgive Crisk Denjoy 48Aactive Blonely Ccautious Dstubborn 49Alearned Brefused Cpretended Ddecided 50Aforced Bordered Cconvinced Dtaught 51Aput away Bmake out Ctear apart Dset up 52Aread Bclaimed Cmeant Dimplied 53Aformal Bjoyful Cawkward Dcrazy 54Arandomly Bslowly Cquickly Dpurposefully 55Apositive Bdisappointing Ccorrect Dembarrassing 56Arealized Bexamined Cdiscussed Dformed 57Abreak down Bput up Ckeep off Dtake out 58Aglance Battempt Cknock Dattack 59Aheart-breaking Brisk-taking Cface-saving Dcrime-cutting 60Aforbids Bappoints Cencourages Dtroubles【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现-孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。41B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现-孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A.choice 选择；B.discovery 发现；C.visit 参观；D.promise 许诺。下文 loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes 说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选 B。42C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现-孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A.experienced 经历；B.suffered 遭受；C
