教师资格（统考）-英语学科知识与教学能力-第五章.pptx

英语学科知识与教学能力（中学）精讲班教师资格（统考）授课教师：陈黎娜第五章 英语词汇 词汇是语言的基础，掌握词汇并能熟练的掌握其用法，是提高语言水平的根本。在教师招聘考试的单选部分也会涉及对词汇的直接考查。考查重点有：近义词和形近词；动词短语；介词短语以及习惯搭配。第五章 英语词汇第一节 常见词组和短语一、高频词释义和搭配1.casen.事例，实例，事实，情况；病例；案件；箱，盒，套；手提箱常见搭配：a case in point 恰当的例子 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 sum up the case 概括事实 in no case 无论如何不，决不 a case of measles 麻疹病例pack a case 装箱第一节 常见词组和短语辨析：as the case may be 看情况，根据具体情况 in case 假使，以防(引导虚拟语气)in case of 假如，如果发生；防备 in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话 appeal a case 申述 in the case of 就.来说，至于case 事实，事例，情况，其可笼统地指一个完整的论题，也可表典型的事例，也可用于表医学上的病例或法律上的案例。instance 为正式用词，指从事实中援引单独事例，隐含其典型性。第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 1：1）I was advised to arrange for insurance _I needed medical treatment.A.nevertheless B.althoughC.in case D.so that【答案】C2）I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _traffic jam.A.in line with B.for the sake ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语3）We left the manager a note_ he wanted to know where we were.A.ifB.in caseC.so thatD.unless【答案】B4）The lawyer advised him to drop the _,since he stands little chance to win.A.eventB.incidentC.case D.affair【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语2.raisevt.举起、提高、提升；筹集、征集；唤起、引起；养育、饲养、种植；提升，增加（工资）常见搭配：raise ones hand 举手raise ones hat to sb.向某人举帽致敬raise doubts in peoples minds 引起人们的怀疑 raise a child 养育孩子raise farm/corps 饲养 raise funds 筹集资金raise salaries 增加薪水 raise standards of service 提高服务水平第一节 常见词组和短语辨析：raise 多指由低处垂直举往高处，不一定费力lift 指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置arisev.产生；出现；起身arouse v.激发起第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 2：Though_in San Francisco,Dave Mitchell had always preferredto record the plain facts ofsmall-town life.A.raisedB.grownC.developedD.cultivated【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语3.extendvt.延伸；扩展、扩大；提供、给予；vi.伸展、延伸；（在范围或应用上）达到构词：ex(向外)+tend（伸展）变形：extensionn.伸出、伸展；延长部分；电话分机extensivea.广大的、广阔的；广泛的第一节 常见词组和短语常见搭配：extensive knowledge 广博的知识extensive reading 泛读to extend credit/visa 延长信贷限期/签证extensive discussion 广泛的讨论同义动词辨析：enlargeto make sth.bigger 扩大，放大第一节 常见词组和短语expand1.to become greater in size,number or importance 扩大、增加、增强（尺码、数量或重要性）；2.if a business expands or is expanded,new branches are opened,it makes more money,etc.扩展、发展（业务）；3.to talk more,to add details to what you are saying 细谈、详述、详细说明；第一节 常见词组和短语extend 1.to make sth.longer or larger 使延长、扩大、扩展；2.to make sth.last longer 延长、使延期；3.to make a business,an idea,an influence,etc.cover more areas or operate in more places 扩大范围（或影响）；4.to relate to or include sb/sth 适用于；包括：The offer does not extend to employees partners.这项优惠不包括雇员的伴侣。第一节 常见词组和短语5.to cover a particular area,distance or length of time 涉及（范围）；延伸（距离）；延续（时间）；6.to stretch part of your body,especially an arm or a leg,away from yourself 伸展、舒展、展开（尤指手臂或腿）7.sth to sb(formal)to offer or give sth to sb 提供、给予：Im sure you will join me in extending a warm welcome to our visitors.我肯定你们会同我们一起向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎。第一节 常见词组和短语8.to make sb/sth use all their effort,abilities,supplies,etc.使竭尽全力：Jim didnt really have to extend himself in the exam.吉姆大可不必为这次考试那么拼命。lengthen to become longer;to make sth longer（使）变长。Prolong to make sth last longer 延长：The operation could prolong his life by 5 to 6 decades.第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 3：It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _ knowledge.A.extensive B.expansive C.intensive D.expensive【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语4.intensivea.加强的，集中的，深入细致的；集约（经营）的，精耕细作的构词：in(向内)+ten(d)(伸展)-sive(词缀)变形：intensity n.强烈，剧烈；强度 intensively adv.加强地，集中地，深入细致地第一节 常见词组和短语常见搭配：intensive study 深入细致的研究intensive reading 精读intensive agriculture 集约农业 labour intensity 劳动强度look at sb.with intensity 深情地看着某人辨析：intense 意为“非常的；强烈的”，常用于形容某种性质或感情，表示很高或达到极端的程度。intensive 含有 intense 的意思，但更强调“精细的；集中的”。an intenseattack 全线的攻击；an intensive attack 集中某一点攻击。第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 4：1）The patients health failed to such an extent that he was put into_care.A.tenseB.rigid C.intensiveD.tight【答案】C2）The relationship between employers and employees has been studied_A.originallyB.extremelyC.violentlyD.intensively【答案】D第一节 常见词组和短语5.availablea.现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的；可取得联系的，可得到的构词：a(to)+vail(value 价值)+able(后缀)-有利用价值的-可利用的常见搭配：make sth.available to/for 使可以享受某物；使.买得起某物 the only available room 唯一可用的房子；第一节 常见词组和短语辨析：availableadj.现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的handy adj.手边的，就近的，便利的，敏捷的at handadj.在手边，在附近，即将到来第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 5：1）Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are_in grocery stores.A.ready B.approachable C.probable D.available【答案】D2）In general,the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total_for living expense.A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B第一节 常见词组和短语6.chargen.控告，指控；主管，看管；费用，价钱；负荷，电荷，充电vt.索价，要.支付；控告，指控；使承担（任务、责任等）；使负荷，使充电第一节 常见词组和短语常见搭配：in(under)the charge of 在的掌管下in charge of 主管，看管charge sb.with 以罪指控某人take charge 开始管理,接管a positive/negative charge 正/负电荷be on charge 正充电at modest charges 以公道的价格charge for trouble 手续费charge(sb.)(money)for sth.要价，要（某人）付（钱）买某物 charge a battery 给电池充电第一节 常见词组和短语辨析：accuse 指的是控告、谴责严重程度不等的犯罪或冒犯行为，accuse 与介词 of 连用；charge 所指的是正式控告或指责具有违法性质的行为，charge 与介词 with 搭配。第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 6：1）She was complaining that the doctor was _ too much for the treatment he was giving her.A.expendingB.offeringC.costingD.charging【答案】D2）This hotel _$60 for a single room with bath.A.chargesB.demandsC.pricesD.claims【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语7.effectn.结果、效果；v.实现、使生效变形：effective 有效的，生效的，起作用的；给人印象深刻的；实际的，事实上的effectively 有效地，起作用地第一节 常见词组和短语常见搭配：bring/carry/put into effect 实行、实现take effective measures 采取有效措施effective range 有效射程take effect 生效、起作用effective 有效的、起作用的to the effect that 大意是;以便in effect 实际上、实质上come/go into effect 生效effective ways of reducing pollution 降低污染的有效方法;to no effect 无效;毫无结果第一节 常见词组和短语辨析：effect 指明显的原因所产生的后果，与 cause（原因，起因）相对，强调由某种原因直接或立即产生的结果，可译为“效果，效力，作用，影响”；consequence 带有贬义，一般表示不好的结局，常译为“后果”。effective 表示能产生实际的效果。valid 指仍为权威部门认可，可以继续使用，有效的，在有效期内的。是法律用语。第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 7：1）They took _ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A.fruitfulB.beneficialC.validD.effective【答案】D2）Though the long-term _ can not be predicted,the project has been approved by the committee.A.affect B.effect C.result D.consequence【答案】B第一节 常见词组和短语3）The new appointment of our president _ from the very beginning of next semester.A.takes effect B.takes partC.takes place D.takes turn【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语8.transmitvt.播送、发射；传送、传染构词：trans(从到.)+mit(发送)变形：transmission 播送、发射；传送、传染常见搭配：transmit knowledge from one generation to another 把知识一代代传下去transmit news by radio 由无线电发送消息transmission of news 消息的传播第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 8：1）American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised _from the United States.A.transfer B.deliveriesC.transportationD.transmissions【答案】D第一节 常见词组和短语2）Some diseases are _ by certain water animals.A.transplantedB.transformedC.transported D.transmitted【答案】D第一节 常见词组和短语9.relatevi.有关联；适应，和睦相处；vt.使互相关联；讲述，叙述变形:relative 相关的，有关的；相对的，比较的；亲属All human values are relative,so beauty is relative to the beholders eyes.人类的一切价值标准都是相对的，因此美不美是相对的，由观赏者的审美决定。relatively 相关地，有关地；相对地，比较地relation 亲属第一节 常见词组和短语常见搭配：relate to/with 有关联 relative to 有关，涉及in/with relation to 有关，涉及close/near relation 近亲distant relation 远亲小试牛刀 9：It is difficult to_ cause and effect in this case.A.unite B.thinkC.relate D.describe【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语10.take常见搭配：take apart 拆开(机器等)take after 与相象take away 拿走，夺去，使离去;减去takeas 把理解为take down 取下;记下;拆卸take for 认为，以为;误认为take into account 把考虑进去take issue with sb.与某人争论take off 拿走;脱下(衣帽等);起飞take oneself off 走开，离去take sb.to task 责备某人，申斥某人take in 接受，接纳，吸收;包括;领会，理解;欺骗第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 10：1)Frequently single-parent children _ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.A.take off B.take after C.take in D.take on【答案】D2)Our son doesnt know what to _ at the university;he cant make up his mind about his future.A.take in B.take over C.take up D.take after【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语3）Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community,and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A.take into account B.account forC.make up for D.make out【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语11.turn常见搭配：turn in 转身进入；拐入；交出；上床睡觉 turn around/round 转变，（使）转好 in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来 turn back（使）折回；（使）往回走 turn up 出现；找到；证明是 turn to 变成；求助于；着手；查阅 turn sbs blood cold 使毛骨悚然 第一节 常见词组和短语turn into 进入；使变成，使成为 turn down 关小，调低；拒绝turn over（机器等）运转；翻过来；仔细考虑turn away 走开；把脸转过去 turn ones back on 不理睬 turn out 生产；结果是；出席 by turns 轮流，交替 take turns 依次，轮流第一节 常见词组和短语turn against 对采取敌对态度 turn off 关（水源等）；拐弯 turn on 开，旋开（点灯等）on the turn 正在转变中第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 11：1）Lets not wait any longer,he might not _ at all.A.turn overB.turn upC.turn onD.turn down【答案】B2）The French pianist who had been praised very highly _ to be a great disappointment.A.turned upB.turned inC.turned out D.turned down【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语3）This popular sports car is now being _ at the rate of a thousand a week.A.turned down B.turned out C.turned up D.turned on【答案】B 第一节 常见词组和短语常见搭配：put across/over 解释清楚；做成（交易）put to（船只顺避风等而）靠岸put on 穿上；上演；教唆；增加（体重）put in 花费；正式提出put forward 提出（要求、事实等）put off 推迟，拖延；阻碍put up with 忍受，容忍（讨厌的人）put down 记下；镇压；杀死第一节 常见词组和短语put out 熄灭；关（灯）；出版；伸出；生产put away 把收起；储存，积攒put ones feeling into words 用语言表达感情put sb.out of job 使某人失业put up 举起；安装；张贴；建造，搭起，支起；为提供住宿；进行（抵抗）；提高（价格）；提名put through 使穿过；使从事；接通（电话），为接通电话 put aside 储存，保留；把放在一边，暂不考虑第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 12：1）In Disneyland,every year,some 800,000plants are replaced because Disney refused to _ signs asking his“guest”not to step on them.A.put downB.put outC.put upD.put off【答案】C2）When they had finished playing,the children were made to _all the toys theyhad taken out.A.put offB.put outC.put upD.put away【答案】D第一节 常见词组和短语13.go常见搭配：go back on 违背(诺言等);毁(约)go for 竭力想取得，喜爱，适用于go in for 从事，致力，爱好;追求 go into 研究，调查，进入go through 经历，详细检查;完成go on 继续，发生;接近go with 伴随，与协调;与持同一看法第一节 常见词组和短语go without 没有也行go about 着手做，处理，忙于on the go 很忙go up 上升，增加，建起;(物价等)上go under 下沉，沉没;失败;破产go up 上升，增加，建起;(物价等)上涨go under 下沉，沉没;失败;破产go against 反对;对不利to go 剩下的，未完成的第一节 常见词组和短语go round/around 足够分配;(消息)流传go after 追求/赶;设法得到go over 检查，审查;复习，重温go out of ones way 特别费心(做事)go off 爆炸，发射;动身，离开;去世go off with 拿去;抢走;拐走go ahead 开始，前进;领先;取得进展go abroad 出国第一节 常见词组和短语go along 进行，进展;(with)赞同go at 攻击;着手/努力做go out of ones mind 变得神志不清go by 走过，放过;依照go into action 开始行动go down 下降，降低;被载入，传下去;(船等)下沉 go out 外出;熄灭;走出(房间等);罢工;公布，播出第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 13：1）The early pioneers had to _ many hardships to settle on the new land.A.go along with B.go back on C.go through D.go into【答案】C2）The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to _ when it arrived in NewYork.A.get offB.carry offC.go off D.come off things.【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语3）There are other problems which I dont propose to _ at the moment.A.go intoB.go around C.go forD.go up【答案】A4）David likes country life and has decided to _ farming.A.go in for B.go back onC.go through withD.go along with【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语14.call常见搭配：call forth 唤起，引起；鼓起（勇气，精神）call back 叫回来，收回(错话等)call on/upon 访问；号召；呼吁 call off 叫走，叫开；取消call after 追在的后面叫喊 call for 要求，需要，提倡 call up 征召(服役)，动员 call in 收回(某物)第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 14：1）That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _ the police.A.called inB.calling inC.call inD.to call in【答案】D2）The sports meet,originally due to be held last Friday,was finally _ because of the bad weather.A.set off B.worn off C.broken off D.called off【答案】D第一节 常见词组和短语3）A well-written composition _ good choice of words and clear organization.A.calls on B.calls for C.calls up D.calls off【答案】B4）The article_ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.A.calls for B.applies for C.cares forD.allows for【答案】A第一节 常见词组和短语15.make常见搭配：made up of 由组成，由构成 make it 办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时达到 make up to 接近；巴结；向求爱 make as if 假装；装作 make away with 携而逃；摧毁；浪费make for 走向，向前进；冲向 make out of 用制造出；理解 make out 开列；书写；辨认第一节 常见词组和短语make believe 假装，假扮 make of 理解，推断 make up for 补偿，弥补make away（急忙）离去；逃走 make over 把（财产）转让；改造 make off with 携而逃 make down 改小（衣服）make beds 铺床叠被第一节 常见词组和短语小试牛刀 15：1）In Britain today women _ 44%of the work force,and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A.build upB.stand forC.make upD.conform to【答案】C第一节 常见词组和短语二、词组短语扩展练习1.The boy often gets up very early in the morning _ being late for class.A.in aid ofB.in case ofC.in search of D.in place of【答案】B【解析】本句意思是“男孩早起的目的就是以防迟到。”in aid of“用以援助”；in case of“万一、以防、如果、假设”；in search of“寻找”；in place of“代替”；故选 B。第一节 常见词组和短语2.Without proper lessons,you could _ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.A.give upB.catch upC.keep upD.pick up【答案】D【解析】give up 放弃；catch up 赶上；keep up 维持；pick up 学会，搭车，拾起，收听到，无意中得到。据句意“如果没有正确的指导，弹钢琴时就会染上许多坏习惯”，故选 D 项。第一节 常见词组和短语3.The playboy was _ in his allowance as soon as his father knew he had failed all his exams.A.cut offB.cut awayC.cut inD.cut through【答案】A【解析】cut off 切隔断，阻碍；cut away 切，去掉，迅速离开；cut in 插嘴，干预；cut through 穿过，挤过。这里表“花花公子在零花钱方面被中断了”故选 A第一节 常见词组和短语4.We cant keep everything.We must decide what to _ and what to leave in.A.leave outB.squeeze out C.give outD.let out【答案】A【解析】语境为“去掉什么，留下什么”，故 leave out“遗漏，省略，删去，忽略”符合句意。squeeze out 挤出；give out 分发，散发，耗尽，公布；let out 使出来，发出，泄露。第一节 常见词组和短语5.American Indians _ about five percent of the U.S.population.A.fill upB.bring upC.make upD.set up【答案】C【解析】本题为主动语态。被动式为“About five percent of the U.S.population is made up of American Indians.”，make up“构成，组成”；fill up（使）充满，补，垫，填充；bring up 养育，提出，呕出；set up 建立，准备，安排，引起。第一节 常见词组和短语6.Americahas a high level of unemployment but the same _ many other countries.A.turns inB.goes forC.occurs toD.passes through【答案】B【解析】题意为“美国失业率很高，但这种现象在其它许多国家同样存在。”go for 在这里表示“对适用；可以应用于；包括在内”。turn in 上交；occur to 发生在身上；pass through 通过第一节 常见词组和短语7.The company had to _ a number of workers because of the drop in sales.A.see offB.take offC.cut offD.lay off【答案】D【解析】根据语境，因为销售额的下降，这家公司不得不裁员。A 项“see sb.off”，为某人送行；B 项“起飞，脱掉”；C 项“隔绝”，指水、食物的供应；D 项“解雇，裁员”。所以选择 D 项。第一节 常见词组和短语8.People tend to ignore the fact that being good parents _ a stable society and productive citizens of tomorrow.A.makes forB.results from C.sets upD.takes in【答案】A【解析】题意为“人们总是忽视这样一个事实，好的父母有利于未来社会的稳定并有助于培养具有创造力的公民”，make for“冲向，有利于，致使”符合题意。result from 由引起；set up 建立；take in 欺骗，领会，吸收，接待。第一节 常见词组和短语9.The scientists have to _ the company to provide them with enough money to do the research.A.hold on B.keep on C.rely on D.agree on【答案】C【解析】根据语意可知，科学家作科研的经费得依赖公司，故 rely on“依赖，依靠”正确。A 坚持，不要挂电话；B 继续雇佣，继续前进；D 同意。第一节 常见词组和短语10.When it _ his academic records at college,he always tries hard to change the subject.A.amounts to B.appeals to C.leads to D.comes to【答案】D【解析】题意为“当提到他在大学的学习成绩时，他总是极力转移话题”，come to“谈到，提及，涉及”符合句意。amount to 共计，意味着；appeals to 向投诉/呼吁；lead to 导致。另外，when it comes to“一谈到，就而论”是惯用句式。第一节 常见词组和短语第二节 构词法一、合成法 compounding合成法即是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成词在英语中比较活跃，合成形容词很常见，多数用作定语，有些作表语；合成名词作主语或宾语；合成动词作谓语；合成副词作状语。第二节 构词法1.合成形容词的构成方法第二节 构词法构成方式例词名词+现在分词peace-loving热爱和平的名词+过去分词state-owned国有的名词+形容词duty-free免税的名词+to+名词face-to-face面对面的数词+名词one-way单行的数词+名词+形容词two-year-old两岁的数词+名词+edfive-storeyed五层的动词+副词see-through透明的第二节 构词法形容词+名词large-scale大规模的形容词+名词+ednoble-minded高尚的形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝的形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的副词+形容词ever-green常青的副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的副词+过去分词well-known著名的副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词+名词downhill下坡的2.合成名词的常见构成方式第二节 构词法构成方式例词名词+名词silkworm蚕名词+动词daybreak黎明名词+动名词handwriting书法名词+及物动词+er/orpain-killer止痛药名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑动词+名词pickpocket扒手动词+副词get-together联欢会动名词+