国际贸易简介(精品).ppt
Trade business EnglishUnit 1A brief Introduction to International Trade国际贸易简介Part A Text1.1 Reasons for international tradeQuestions:How many reasons can you conclude in detail?Whats the definition of inter-trade,world trade,foreign trade and overseas trade?International trade 国际贸易Buy or sell,trading activity commodities and services between two or more countries,regions or economies.World trade 世界贸易The sum of all exporting and importing of the nationsForeign trade 对外贸易The trade transaction(交易)from one country to its trade partner(贸易伙伴,交易伙伴)Overseas trade(海外贸易):same meaning as foreign trade.The trade item in inter-trade(国际贸易中的交易标的）Commodity:refers to visible or tangible goods（有形或可见商品）service 服务或劳务:refers to invisible or intangible goodsTraveling,brand品牌,patent专利,license许可权,trade mark商标，intelligence property知识产权，software，know-how 商业秘密Trade operation 贸易操作business,operation,service 业务Operation 操作、运作、业务Trade operation:exportation and importationResourcesRaw Material,geographical condition,population,traffic,technology,capital,etcPatterns of trade 贸易模式Mode of tradeCommon tradeProcessing tradeService tradeSkilled worker 熟练工人Well trained,with enough working experience,and proficient熟练的 skillsTrade with 与交易Make a deal with Make a contract withAgree on the contract withWork force 劳动力Factors it products 产品要素Labor/workforce,Earth,Capital,Technology,ManagementFactor intensive productLabor intensive product劳动力密集型产品 e.g.:agricultural productsCapital intensive product 资本密集型产品 e.g.:steelTechnology intensive product技术密集型产品 e.g.:computer,softwareSimple product 简单产品Simple product:produced by simple assembling or processing,little capital or technique inputSophisticated/complicate/advanced product复杂产品/高级产品:manufactured or produced by modern industry with technique and equipments.Economic benefit 经济利益Benefit(v.)from 从.中获利/获益Make profit from 从.中获利Benefit 利益，好处Interest 利益，利息At the cost of 以的成本At the price of 以的价格/代价Comparative advantage 比较优势Comparative advantage/disadvantage 比较优/劣势:the difference between 2 commodities production efficiency,or product cost for 2 nations.Absolute advantage/disadvantage 绝对优/劣势:the difference between two nations product cost.Classical economists古典经济学家Adam Smith 亚当。斯密David Ricardo 大卫。李嘉图John.S.Mill 约翰。穆勒Mass-produce 大批量生产domestic demand/domestic supply 国内需求/供给Efficient demand/Efficient supply 有效需求/供给Preference 偏好，倾向Intention to choose specific item or behaviorInnovation:创新Creation/invention based on traditional production or technique,designing,tec.Economic 经济的Economy 经济，经济体Economics 经济学Economist 经济学家Transportation 运输方式Ocean transportation 远洋运输Inland transportation 内河运输Air transportation 航空运输Combined transportation 联合运输Land transportation 陆上运输Railway transportation 铁路运输Road transportation 公路运输Transportation service 运输服务Charter(rent ship)租船:for big volume cargoVoyage charter 航程/航次租船Time charter 航期租船Rent/order space 订舱:for bulk（散货）Insurance 保险Purchase insurance 购买保险Procure insurance 投加保险Insurance policy/certificate 保险单据/凭证Risk of the shipment 承运货物的风险Run the risk/undertake risk 承担风险Expose to the risk 暴露在风险中，面临风险Types of the risk:fire,theft 偷窃,leakage破损,collision碰撞，strike，war，etc.Lloyd 劳合船级社An famous institution in trade transportation.Leading：primary,dominants 主导的，主要的Fee n.手续费，杂费Charge n.费用，收费Behelux 比荷卢经济体BelgiumHollandLuxemburg1、immigrant remittances.移民汇款2、Question:what is the import direction for a host country with many immigrants?and whats the export?1、trade balance,trade gap,贸易差额favorable balance:surplus顺差unfavorable balance:deficit逆差2、Why surplus is welcomed and deficit not?export brings about foreign exchage revenuesurplus comes when export amount exceeds the import amount,which represent net income trade.deficit results from the difference when import is more than export,which brings out net expense and foreign liability.1、conditionhere refers to various circumstance in tax,law,market,clients,traffic,communication,and culture.2、domestic trade国内贸易Just enjoys civil law and taxes，and same language and tradition1、Highlight 强调、突出重点Pick up an important part,emphasize1、Money conversion 货币兑换A currency exchanged for another oneConvert 兑换，转换Exchange 交换、兑换Transform 折算、转换 2、Why money conversion causes trouble in trade？Businessman will encounter the exchange rate fluctuation(汇率波动)when they make the payment in other countrys currency,which will causes uncertain risk.3、Trade barrier 贸易壁垒Trade obstacle 贸易障碍Includes:tax(tariff)关税,quotas配额,administrative supervision 行政监管 to importation1、Business 生意、业务Do business 做生意Carry business 开展业务Expand/extend business 拓展业务2、come in contact with=build up contact with Ethnocentric 以自我为中心1、on the alert against 注意小心Be aware of 2、local customs=local tradition当地习惯、风俗International trade custom 国际贸易惯例3、business norm 商业规范、标准Commercial standard商业标准、formality 礼节,礼仪1、sales representation 销售推介Includes illustration of product,cooperation intention.2、state ones case 陈述情况State ones position 说明意向/立场1.Business friendship 业务关系Client friendship 客户关系Business partner 商业伙伴,业务伙伴1.Mutual obligation 相互负责2.associate with 加入.，与.合伙Join in partnership of 1、Approve contract 达成协议=Make the deal/Agree on the contract2、principal 当事人、签约人1、Term 合同条款（术语）=clause,responsibilities and rights written in the contract1、incident=an episode2.but=only,merely1.inhibition:prohibition 禁忌2、shared interest 共同的利益=common interest/benefitMontary 货币的currency 货币/通货(formal use)Money classification:Cash(coins,paper note)demand deposit活期存款Checks支票1、Producer生产商Manufacturer 制造商/makerProvider 提供商（internet service/content provider互联网服务/内容提供商)DesignerSupplier 供货商Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Wholesaler 批发商2、foreign currencyDanish crone Japanese YenChinese YuanEuro Dollar1.Currency value货币价值2、in terms of 以.为3.货币的表示：be stated in,be denominated in，be expressed in1 exchange rate 汇率one currencys price expressed in terms of another currency2.Domestic currency 本国货币Foreign currency 外币Third nation currency 第三国货币Foreign exchange office 外汇交易所Foreign exchange center外汇交易中心Importing and exporting firm进出口公司Firms,company(独资，合伙）公司企业Corporation（大型）公司2、payment 支付、付款3、foreign exchange risk 外汇风险The appreciation or depreciation of foreign currency may bring loss to trading companyEg。an 2 US$Hamburg may costs 16 Chinese Yuan for a chinese buyer at the exchange rate of 8 Yuan to 1dollar.But he should pay more when the rate revalues at 10 to 1.1.Order 订购2.Commercial credit 商业贷款The bank loan released to meet business fund needs similar use:commercial finance 融资1.Be open to risk面临的风险2.depreciate relative to/against/to相对于/对于/贬值mitment:承诺promise,1.Free flow自由流动2.benefit v.使受益1.Free trade system自由贸易体系The system is composed of the cancellation of tariff,loose quota and other trade barrier,that aims at decreasing trade cost and improve goods circulation流通1.Balance of payment 国际收支A record that reflects total economic transactions of a country to other countries,The primary transactions are trade,non-trade ones and capital flows资本流动.2.Receipt 收入1.Welfare 福利The fair and favorable consumption under certain nation income level特定国民收入水平下的公平和有利的消费Question:will the level of welfare be better if a country exports what his domestic market is in severe demand极度需求?why?1.Infant industry 幼稚工业Hereby refers to the specific childhood stage for a industry which is far from its advanced,mature and stable development period in its whole industry cycle 产业周期Questions:give some examples in China.2.shield from,protect against,isolate from3.start-up period起步期child stage,infant stage1.Valorem tariff 从价税The tax which is calculated on the basis of the value of importing commodities.1.Import license进口许可证The permission proof issued by national authority for businessman to import or export specific goods which are listed in controlled catalog管制目录1.Government purchase政府采购The purchase action,often large quantity,carried out by government to maintain its operation.1.Standard for safety安全标准2.consumer protection消费者权益保护1.Export subsidies 出口补贴A kind of financial aid measurement which mainly provide a certain rate of recovery amount to exporter to encourage them to expand overseas market,esp in labor-intensive industry.1.Targeting 定向扶持A policy basket which collects subsidies,fiscal aid and other measurements to help domestic industries,sectors部门compete with foreign rivals.1.Research and development研究与开发R&D1.cost v.价值1.produced products,制成品manufactured goods1.Utilize利用=use1.engage in从事于1.have knowledge about了解1.direct export直接出口Indirect export间接出口1.Export department出口业务部2.overseas sales branch海外销售分部presence:exitence1.middleman 中间商,中间人(broker中介人)2.export agent 出口代理商 an authorized agent who can deal with the procedure of exporting such as custom clearance,etc1.Commission 佣金 1.red tape烦琐和拖拉的公事程序,繁文缛节1.international marketing国际营销1.make a profit 获利,盈利make money 赚钱 1、discount 折扣A price shrink provided to importer if exporter conducted a big deal.1.product diversification 产品多样化question:give some example of indirect importing1.economical adj,节约的,经济的 Compare the economic1.wholesaler 批发商Retailer 零售商1.consult咨询2.warehousing仓储1.Lisensor 许可方，授权方2.Lisensee 受让方1.flat fee 统一费用Royalty专利许可费1、exclusive 独占Non-exclusive非独占1.contract manufacturer协作生产Specification规格Question:what the difference between contract manufacturing and joint venture?1.joint venture合资企业Pooling of asset=collection of asset资产统筹Commonly-agreed formula一致认可的模式Partnership 合伙企业 composed of at least 2 persons share/investment,responsible for the debt of the company2.Industrial cooperation产业合作Joint marketing联合营销1、equity产权，股权=share/stock,means ownership according to the ratio its share is compared with the total capital1.body 实体=entity2.local interests当地利益集团1.Distribute分配1、direct investment 直接投资1、market entry=entrance 市场进入2、assembly 组装3、manufacturing facility 生产设施1、devalue 贬值2、declining market 市场萧条3.nationalization国有化The private property is forbidden to transfer to nation,the ownership of person is robed 4.host country东道国Revision Qapare the difference between intertrade,world trade,foreign trade.2.list the types of trade commodity3.what the money conversion problem in trade?4.what is the economic meaning of balance of payment?5.what the reasons for trade barriers?What the benefit of exporting and importing?Whats the difference between trade company,licensing,contract manufacturing and joint venture?
