2018年高考英语全国卷1(含详细答案).pdf

题-在无-此效-_卷_号证考准-上_名姓-答-绝密启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分 30 分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共 5 小题；每小题分,满分分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirtA.B.C.答案是 C.1.What will James do tomorrowA.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the womanA.Shes generous.B.Shes curious.C.Shes helpful.3.When does the train leaveA.At 6：30.B.At 8：30.C.At 10：30.4.How does the woman go to workA.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakersA.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节(共 15 小题；每小题分,满分分)听下面 5 段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What does the woman regretA.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changing her major.7.What is the woman interested in studying nowA.Ecology.B.Education.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the manA.A hotel manager.B.A tour guide.9.What is the man doing for the womanA.Looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Where does the conversation probably take placeA.In an office.B.At home.11.What will the speakers do tomorrow eveningA.Go to a concert.B.Visit a friend.12.Who is Alice going to callA.Mike.B.Joan.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does the woman meet the manA.To look at an apartment.C.Chemistry.C.A taxi driver.C.At a restaurant.C.Work extra hours.C.Catherine.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To have a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpetA.Its color.B.Its design.C.Its quality.15.What does the man say about the kitchenA.Its a good size.B.Its newly painted.C.Itsadequatelyequipped.16.What will the woman probably do nextA.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend.C.Make payment.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is the speaker probably talking toA.Movie fans.B.News reporters.C.College students.18.When did the speaker take English classesA.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacherA.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.C.Hes grateful.20.What does the speaker mainly talk aboutA.How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A AWashington,.Bicycle ToursWashington,.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic wayto see the world-famouscherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,.Your guide will providea history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments inWashington,.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall asyour guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includesbike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,.Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for.newcomersand locals looking to experience Washington,.in a healthy way with minimumeffort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interestingstories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikesand a smooth tourroute(路线)make cycling between thesites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heartof Washington,.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike thesites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for phototaking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests andsafety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advanceA.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike TourA.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provideA.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.B BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on thesofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tightbudget.InSave Money：Good Food,she visits a different home each week and withthe help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.An d theGood MorningBritainpresenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learntinto practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexicantakeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),butMatt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar andoil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware howcheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money：Good Food,follows in thefootsteps of ITVsSave Money：Good Health,which gave viewers advice onhow to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spendtime with a different family each week.In tonights Easter special theycome to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with lessexpensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna ReidA.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started anew programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.Shehashadatight budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help SusannaA.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Add some background information.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the textA.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessC CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recenttimes there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world wasstillpopulated byhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdeveloped their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Somelanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just fiveto ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to becomefarmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.Inrecent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of thenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all havecaused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of theselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zoneshave lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The mediannumber(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close toextinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer timesA.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph2A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at presentA.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.31.What is the main idea of the textA.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.D DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at thefirst sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keepusing our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.Thats bad newsfor the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consumemuch more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt andher colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York trackedthe environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when itsminerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided areadout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Deviceswere grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets ande-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said oneresearcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four perhousehold in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them.According tothe analysis of Babbitts team,olddesktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst deviceswith their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced oldproducts with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as atablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demandentertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers couldcut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devicesA.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the researchA.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energyA.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devicesA.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have inevery room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the firststeps to creating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thatsfull of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax aftera long day 36 ,color is the key to making a room feel the way you wantit to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to helpdesigners approach this important point.37,they can get alittlecomplex.But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisionsyou need to make about color in your home：the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrorsand baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Lesstiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorfulsofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of beingeasily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinnertables or bookshelves.39.They require a bigger commitment thansmaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,andfloors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort andrelative expense put into it are significant.40 .A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in twomajor ways第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分 45 分)第一节(共 20 小题；每小题分,满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the educationdepartment was offering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for threecredits.I41the idea of taking the class because,after all,whodoesnt want to 42a few dollars More than that,Id always wanted tolearn chess.And,even if I werent 43 enough about free credits,newsabout our44was appealing enough to me.He was an internationalgrandmaster,which 45 I would be learning from oneof the games 46 .I could hardly wait to47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this48 was no game for him；he meant business.In hisintroduction,he made it 49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50 the class,amongother criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what wewould learn in class to our future professions and,52 ,to our lives.Imanaged to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have servedme well beyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im stillputting to usewhat he 55 me：“The absolute most important 56 that you learn whenyou play chess is how to make good 57 .On every single move you