广州八年级英语下册unit1知识点讲解及习题附答案1.pdf

.第一节：语法选择1.Yao Ming is one of _ in the world.A.most famous basketball playerB.the most famous basketball playerC.the most famous basketball playersD.the more famous basketball players2.When you phoned me at 7 oclock yesterday,I _ TV.A.watchedB.have watchedC.was watchingD.am watching3.My little brother was _ in collecting stamps.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.interests4.The reporter gives _ information to readers.A.a number ofB.muchC.the number ofD.many5.I _ a meal when you _ me.A.cooked;were phoningB.was cooking;phonedC.was cooking;were phoningD.cooked;phoned6.Benjamin Franklin was curious _ how things worked.A.inB.onC.aboutD.of7.-_-Oh,that would be good.Thanks a lot.A.Could you help meB.Please pick up the book.C.Im sorry.I broke the vase.D.Can I help you with anything8.My grandmother has four grandchildren,_ me.A.includesB.includingC.includedD.include9.My parents have always encouraged me _ anything I want to.A.to tryB.tryingC.triedD.tries10._ she was watching TV,she heard a sound outside the room.A.WhenB.AsC.As soon asD.While第二节：语法选择共 10 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 10 分When I had something difficult to do,I used to ask my mother11help.But shealways said,“Do it yourself,dear.I was not glad at all.I12she was the laziestmother in the world!For example,one day,I decided to invite13friends to my home.My bedroomwas not in order.14Ididnt make the bed.I asked15mother to help me cleanit,but she said,“Do it yourself,girl.So I did it by myself.And she made me unhappyfor16long time.17my mother is“lazy,I have to wash my clothes and clean my room.I haveto help my parents18housework.I even have to go to the dentist bymyself.It isreally hard for me to do everything well，but I have learned19As time goes by，I understand my motherShe makes me clever and diligent.Whatjz*.a great mother!A good mother20equal to one hundred teachers!Dont you think so11.A.inB.forC.toD.of12.A.thinkB.am thinkingC.thoughtD.will think13.A.someB.anyC.1ittleD.few14.A.ButB.SoC.OrD.And15.A.IB.meC.myD.mine16.A.aB.anC.theD.17.A.IfB.UntilC.BecauseD.Before18.A.doB.doingC.didD.done19.A.a littleB.a lotC.a little ofD.a lot of20.A.isB.areC.have beenD.had been三、完形填空共 10 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 10 分Bessie Coleman was born in the USA.Her family was21.She was in collegefor only one year.She had to22because she did not have enough money to finishher studies.But during that year,she learned about23.She read about the first flightof the Wright Brothers and the first American woman pilot,Harriet Quimby.Bessieoften thought about what it would feel like to fly like a bird.24the age of 23,Bessie Coleman went to Chicago.There,she did some ordinaryjobs.But she wanted to do something more important.She decided to learn25to flyplanes.She soon found26was almost impossible to get into a flight school,whichwould admit a27womanBessie learned that she would have a better chance in Europe.So she began tostudy28at a language school in ChicagoAfter World War I,Bessie Coleman went to France.She went to the famous29school in northern France.She learned to fly in a plane there.She30seven monthsof flight training and in 1921 got her international permit to fly in France.She becamethe first black woman ever to have an international pilots license.21.A.richB.poorC.bigD.small22.A.1eaveB.eC.arriveD.stay23.A.singingB.jumping24.A.WithB.To25.A.whereB.when26.A.thatB.this27.A.beautifulB.smart28.A.English29.A.art30.A.finishedjz*C.flyingC.ForC.howC.itC.whiteD.whyD.drivingD.AtD.thereD.blackD.JapaneseD.danceD.changedB.FrenchB.flightB.providedC.ChineseC.languageC.missed.四、阅读理解共 10 小题；每题 2 分，总分值 20 分AThe Presidents of the USAMany American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families.Theyspent their childhood in little wooden houses.They got little education.Washington andLincoln,for example,never went to school and they taught themselves.Lincolnonce did jobs of a worker,shopkeeper and post officer in his early years.Many US presidents had experiences in the army.The two best-known were UlyssesGrant and Dwight D.Eisenhower.Grant was a general and Eisenhower was a hero inthe war.It so happened that they graduated from the same school-West Point MilitaryAcademy.People may be surprised to learn that both of them did not do well in theschool.Eisenhower,for example,was once fined because he broke the rules of theschool.The jobs of US presidents are tiring.He must keep an eye on anything importantwhich happens both at home and abroad.Every day,a lot of work waits for him to do,and he has to decide on a lot of things.When Franklin Roosevelt was a child,he wasonce brought to visit President Taft The old president said to him,“When you growup，you should not be president.Its a tiring job.31.In the 19th century，many US presidents_.A.worked as workers,shop-keepers and post officers in their early yearsB.didnt want to go to school when they were youngC.didnt know much about their workD.couldnt receive good education before they grew up32.President Eisenhower became well-known_.A.when he was a childB.after he became President of the USAC.in the warD.while studying in West Point Military Academy33.The main idea of the second paragraph is _.A.Grant and Eisenhower became well-known because they both graduatedfrom afamous schoolB.many of the US presidents had been in the army before they took officeC.Eisenhower didnt do well in the schoolD.only people from military schools could be presidents34.What does the underlined phrase“keep an eye on in the third paragraph meanA.Never keep in mind.B.Pay no attention to.C.Look at something with one eye.D.Pay close attention to.jz*.35.Which of the following is TRUETRUE according to the last paragraphA.It is an important and tiring job to be the US president.B.President Taft didnt want Roosevelt to be a president because he was tooyoung.C.None of the presidents except Taft could do the tiring job.D.In the USA no one wanted to be president because it was too tiring.BYangguangChinaBeijing is the place to go!Beijing Hotel:Beijing Hotel:Close to Tiananmen SquarePrize-winning gardenBars&French restaurantSwimming poolChangcheng Hotel:Changcheng Hotel:Gardens with mountain viewsRestaurants&CafNight ClubBuses to the downtown areaDeparture DatePrice8 June￥89929 July￥99930 August￥79930 September￥1299To book,choose yourpreferred departure dateBusiness HoursWeekdays:24 hoursWeekends:8 am 6 pmBest of Beijing 5 DaysBest of Beijing 5 DaysFrom￥7992 nights Beijing Hotel&2 nights ChangchengHotelBook online or call7654321.yangguangtour.36.Which of the two hotels can we swim atA.Beijing HotelB.Changcheng HotelC.NeitherD.Both37.If we want to set off around National Day(国庆节),which departure date should wechooseA.8 JuneB.29 JulyC.30 AugustD.30 September38.We cannot book by telephone at _.A.9:00 a.m.,MondayB.9:00 p.m.,ThursdayC.9:00 a.m.,SaturdayD.9:00 p.m.,Sunday39.According to the ad(),which of the following is TRUETRUEA.This ad is given by a Beijing travel pany.B.Changcheng Hotel is in the centre of Beijing.C.We can save￥500 leaving in late August instead of late September.D.We can stay in Beijing for four nights and four days.jz*.40.Where can you probably read the adA.A story book.B.A novel.C.A guide book.D.A notebook.五、写作共三节，总分值 25 分第一节：单词拼写共 5 小题；每题 1 分，总分值 5 分41.A car a_ happened here yesterday.42.Lang Langs s_ came at a price.43.Michael Phelps won 8 gold m_ in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.44.Bees(蜜蜂)are h_ animals.45.Heath Francis o_ a lot of problems before winning the matches.第二节：完成句子共 5 小题；每题 2 分，总分值 10 分46.工人们对于每天做同样的事情感到厌倦。Workers _ _ _ doing the same things every day.47.杰克正在看电视播放的卡通。Jack is watching cartoons _ _.48.郎朗三岁开场上钢琴课。Lang Lang began taking piano lessons _ _ _ _ three.49.玛丽的母亲对她要求很严格。Marys mother _ _ _ her.50.由于长时间的工作，怀特先生昨天病了。Mr.White _ _ yesterday because of long-time work.第三节：书面表达10 分请根据以下要点和提示词写一篇 60 词左右的作文。1.比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人之一，他以个人电脑软件而闻名。2.比尔盖茨 1955 年 10 月 28 日出生于美国西雅图。3.他 13 岁开场对电脑程序产生兴趣，1973 年进入哈佛大学学习。4.1975 年他与好友成立微软公司，目前是全球最大的电脑软件供给商。5.比尔盖茨是一个充满爱心的人。他喜欢打高尔夫球和网球。提示词：Bill Gates,be famous for,personal,software,Seattle,Harvard University,Microsoft Corporation,provider,kind-hearted,golf_jz*.重点单词的讲解重点单词的讲解1.raise v.筹集；提升；增加第三人称单数：raises过去式：raised过去分词：raised现在分词：raising搭配：raise ones voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款；raise price 提高价格；raise ones spirits 打起精神 raise=keep 有“饲养，抚养的意思，如：raise cattle=keep cattle饲养牲口和 raise children抚养孩子辨析：raise,rise(rise-rose-risen)的区别(1)这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加的意思，但其用法不同。raise 是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而 rise 是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth.太阳升起，普照。(2)raise 和 rise 用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：The price of TV sets has been raised recently.最近电视机提价了。政府或厂家主动行动The price of TV sets has risen recently.最近电视机提价了。市场调节2.permission n.=agreement 准许；批准Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。同根词：permit v.=allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.3.disabled adj.有伤残的；丧失能力的；不中用I taught disabled children to sing.我教残疾的孩子唱歌。jz*.同根词：disable v.=make(sb.)unable to do sth.使无能力；使残废，使伤残He is disabled from voting.他失去了选举资格。enable v.=make(sb.)able to do sth.使某人能够做某事The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍4.offer v.=be willing to do something 主动提出Peter offered to teach them water-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水。搭配：offer ones hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb.sth.为某人提供某物They have offered me a large sum of money to go away.他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费辨析：provide,offer 的区别：provide 用于表示无主动大方之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于 provide sb.with sth.或 provide sth.for sb.的固定搭配中。offer 表示主动提供效劳、工作等。常用于 offer sb.sth.或 offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb.a good salary 给某人一个好工资。Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。He offered me a glass of wine.=He offered a glass of wine to me.他端给我一杯酒。5.illness n.某种病jz*.The children there all suffer from serious illness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根词：ill adj.有病的 比拟级：worse,最高级：worst辨析：ill,sick 的区别：ill 和 sick 都有“生病的；有病的之意，但用法并不完全一样。ill 表示“生病的；有病的这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而 sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人可以说 a sick man 或 the sick,但不能说 an ill man 或 the ill。例如：She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father.她在照顾她生病的父亲。sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的之意。例如：The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。ill 作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的之意。例如：He is an ill man.他是一个邪恶的人。6.organize v.组织In the end,we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。同根词：organization n.组织；机构；团体What do you know about our organization 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？7.express v.表达；表露This helps them express their feelings.这有助于他们表达他们的情感。同根词：expression n.表现，表示，表达；表情She gave expression to her sadness.她流露出了悲伤之情。jz*.8.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的比拟级：lonelier 最高级：loneliestIt felt like the loneliest place in the world.感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。辨析：lonely,alone 的区别：alone 为形容词，意为“单独的，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明单独一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。lonely 意为“孤独的，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻，多修饰表示地点的名词。alone 还可以作副词。alone adv.单独；单独She went home alone.=She went home by herself.她单独回家去了。The old man lives in a lonely town,he lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他单独一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。9.friendship n.友情；友谊同根词：friend n.朋友 复数：friends.I had a long talk about this with my best friend.friendlyfriendly adj.友好的Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers.friendlinessfriendliness n.友善She also loves the friendliness of the people.她也喜欢人们的友善。10.difficulty n.=be not able to do something easily 困难；费力The country is facing great economic difficulties.该国正面临巨大的经济困难。同根词：difficult adj.=hard to do 困难的The child is going through a difficult phase.那孩子正经历困难的阶段。jz*.搭配：have difficulty(in)doing something 做有困难I had no difficulty(in)making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难The bank is in difficulty/difficulties.这家银行处境困难。11.joy n.=a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。同根词：joyful n.快乐的，快乐的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的He was excited and joyful at the success.他因成功而冲动欣喜。搭配：to ones joy 令人快乐的是，使某人快乐的是To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.12.peace n.平静；宁静the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖One more question and Ill leave you in peace.再问一个问题，我就不打搅你了。同根词：peaceful adj.和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的Evening in the country is a very peaceful time.乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。13.hurt v.=injure 使疼痛；受伤Tim hurt his legs in an accident,but he has lots of courage.提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。同根词：hurt adj.受伤的；痛苦的；受损坏的They did not seem to be badly hurt.他们看起来没有受重伤。搭配：hurt oneself 受伤Have you hurt yourself 你伤着自己了吗？jz*.14.courage n.勇气；勇敢He showed great courage and determination.他表现得十分勇敢和果断。同根词：encourage v.鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；煽动My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud.搭配：take ones courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为Taking her courage in both hands,she opened the door and walked in.她壮着胆翻开门，走了进去。courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量15.pay v.付款；归还We paid 35 for each ticket.我们每票付了 35 英镑。同根词：pay n.工资；薪水；报答They plained about their pay and conditions.他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。搭配：pay off 偿清债务；支付债务的全部数额pay for 为付款pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 去参观，拜访辨析：spend,take,cost 和 pay 的用法区别：take,spend,cost,pay 都可以表示“花费，但用法却不尽一样。spend 的主语必须是人，常用于以下构造：(1)spend time/money on sth.在上花费时间金钱。例如：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spend time/money(in)doing sth.花费时间金钱做某事。jz*.例如：They spent two years(in)building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth.花钱买例如：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。cost 的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值，常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs(sb.)+金钱，某物花了某人多少钱。例如：A new puter costs a lot of money.(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)+时间，某物做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是 cost，并且不能用于被动句。take 后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：(1)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth.takes sb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。pay 的根本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱给某人买 例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.(2)pay for sth.付的钱 例如：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丧失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱 例如：jz*.Dont worry!Ill pay for you.别担忧，我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb.付钱给某人 例如：They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)pay money back 还钱 例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you Ill pay it back next week.(6)pay off ones money 还清钱。cost 某物价值多少元The book costs 2 yuan.那本书 2 元钱。spend某人花费多少元 We spend 2 yuan buying the book.注意：cost 的主语是物某物花费了多少，spend 的主语是人某人花费了多少。sth.cost sb.some money sb.spend some money/time on sth./(in)doing sth.The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。The error cost the pany one million pounds.这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。spend 主语只能是人，表示“在上花费了I spent$100 on the bike.我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。They spent three months touring Europe.他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。总结：take 一般用 it 作主语，例如：it takes sb.sometime to do sth.spend 一般是人作主语，例如：I spend an hour finishing my homework.cost 表示某物值什么的价值或钱，例如：The book cost 200 yuan.pay 一般是人作主语，例如：I pay lots of money for books.jz*.二、语法选择与运用第一节：1-5 CCBBC6-10 DBAAD第二节：11-15 BCADC 16-20 ACABA三、完形填空21-25 BACDC26-30 CDBBA四、阅读理解31-35 DCBDA36-40 ADDCC五、写作第一节：41.accident 42.success43.medals44.hard-working45.overcame第二